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FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 



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FIGHTING BY 
SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

In which the author places the numerical strength of the armies 
that fought for the Confederacy at approximately 1 ,000,000 men, 
and shows that 296,579 white soldiers living in the South, and 
1 37,676 colored soldiers, and approximately 200,000 men living 
in the North that were born in the South, making 634,255 
southern soldiers, fought for the Preservation of the Union 



BY 

CHARLES C. ANDERSON 




NEW YORK 
THE NEALE PUBLISHING COMPANY 

1912 



£* 



Copyright, 1912, by 
The Neale Publishing Company 



©CU343076 

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CONTENTS 

CHAPTER I 

General View — Early Moves — Fort Sumter — 
Ranging the Combatants — Gaining Adherents 

— Baltimore — Camp Jackson — Western Vir- 
ginia Campaign 9 

CHAPTER II 

Bull Run — Wilson's Creek — Hatteras Inlet — Bel- 
mont — Port Royal — Mill Springs — Fort 
Henry — Roanoke Island — Fort Donelson — 
Pea Ridge — First Iron-Clad Battle — New 
Madrid — New Bern — Kernstown .... 41 

CHAPTER III 

Shiloh — Fort Pulaski — Advance upon Corinth — 
Forts Jackson and St. Philip — Capture of New 
Orleans — Williamsburg — Craighead's Bend — 
Winchester — Fair Oaks — Memphis — Cross 
Keys — Port Republic — Seven Days' Battles 

— Baton Rouge 71 

CHAPTER IV 

Second Bull Run — Richmond, Ky. — Chantilly — 
South Mountain — Harper's Ferry — Sharps- 
burg — Corinth — Hatchie Bridge — Perryville 

— Prairie Grove — Fredericksburg — Chicka- 
saw Bluffs — Murf reesboro — Arkansas Post 

— Charleston — Port Gibson 100 

CHAPTER V 

Chancellorsville — Champion's Hill — Big Black 
River — Vicksburg — Hoover's Gap — Donald- 
sonville — Gettysburg — Helena — Charleston . 131 

7 



8 CONTENTS 

CHAPTER VI 

Chickamauga — Chattanooga — Mine Run — Tun- 
nel Hill — Red River Campaign — Wilderness . 159 

CHAPTER VII 

Rocky Face Ridge — Spotsylvania — Resaca — 
North Anna — Dallas — Cold Harbor — Pied- 
mont — Petersburg — Lynchburg — Kenesaw 
Mountain — Deep Bottom — Monocacy — Peach 
Tree Creek — Atlanta — Ezra Church . . .190 

CHAPTER VIII 

Mobile Bay — Weldon Railroad — Jonesboro — Ope- 
quon — Fisher's Hill — Chaffin's Farm — Cedar 
Creek — Marais des Cygnes — Hatcher's Run 
— Spring Hill — Franklin — Nashville. . . 219 

CHAPTER IX 

Fort Fisher — Dabney's Mills — Bull's Bay Expedi- 
tion — Averysboro — Bentonville — Fort Sted- 
man — Five Forks — Petersburg — Selma — 
Sailor's Creek — Farmville — Mobile — Appo- 
mattox — Capitulations of the Confederate 
Armies and Fleets 248 



Alphabetical List of Southern Officers Com- 
manding Brigades, or Above ; Commanding a 
Vessel, or More, with Their Rank and 
Record, Showing Where They Fought; and 
Some Other Southerners Who Notably 
Aided the Federal Cause. 

The Rank Given is the Highest Held in Battle. 
Many Officers Received Promotion to Date from 
March 13th, 1865, and Other Dates, Who Ap- 
pear Not to Have Been Engaged in Battle 
Thereafter, to Command Commensurately . . 275 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN 
FEDERALS 



CHAPTER I 

General View — Early Moves — Fort Sumter — Rang^ 
ing the Combatants — Gaining Adherents — Baltimore 
— Camp Jackson — Western Virginia Campaign. 

The people of Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri who 
were not disposed to fight as Confederates were numerous 
enough to prevent their States from being used as supports 
of the Confederacy. These southern States did not need 
northern armies to overwhelm such Confederates as were 
their own citizens. As to them, the event did not assume 
the shape of an offensive movement of northern armies 
against the majority in opposition. The Maryland, Ken- 
tucky and Missouri antagonists of the Confederates did 
the great part of the frustrating of their Confederate citi- 
zens who struggled within these respective States, and in 
each helped fight those Confederates who entered the State 
from other southern States, and, furthermore, participated 
outside of their State in the contest against the Confed- 
erates. To southern men recognition should be given that 
Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri were kept from the Con- 
federates, and that northern armies were not worn battling 
to reclaim them. A great difference there would have been 
in the relative strength of the two combatants had the 
power of Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri been thrown 
to the Confederate side, and had northern armies met at 
their northern boundaries Confederate armies intent on dis- 

9 



10 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

puting every inch of the way, aided by all the govern- 
mental power that the State administrations could exert. 

The Federal forces which essayed to occupy that part 
of Virginia which was formed later into the State of West 
Virginia were composed partly of soldiers from that region 
and Kentucky, and were not resisted by the western Vir- 
ginia citizens generally. Virginians along the Ohio River 
did not rise to arms, a united people, to resist the Federal 
advance, and this left the way clear. 

A large part of the population of east Tennessee was 
against the Confederates. While the Confederates were in 
the majority, taking the State as a whole, they lost control 
early of much of the resourceful area elsewhere in the 
State, and were unable to draw strongly upon the lost area 
for troops. 

In the mountains of North Carolina, South Carolina, 
Georgia and Alabama also were many men who did not side 
with the Confederates. In fact, the entire mountain region 
was permeated with disaffection to the Confederacy. Had 
it been a separate State, it would have been a large anti- 
Confederate State in the heart of the South. 

Treating Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland and the Dis- 
trict of Columbia as southern, but not Delaware, there were 
296,579 white soldiers from the South in the armies sup- 
porting the United States. Besides these, there were 137,- 
676 colored. Adding these, 434,255 is the total from the 
South. The District of Columbia and Delaware were both 
slave-holding. It is thought fair to include the District 
of Columbia, Maryland lying north of it being classed as 
southern, and offset it by excluding Delaware for the pur- 
pose herein. No Delaware officer's record is given in this 
work. It may be surmised that there were as many as 
200,000 men living in the North but born in the South, 
who fought the Confederates. The Confederates main- 
tained each year around 400,000 soldiers actively engaged. 
Some of these were not southern men. The war brought 
altogether about 1,490,000 Federals into active service. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 11 

All told, there were more than two million Federal troops, 
and around one million Confederate troops. 

Counting both white and colored, Louisiana furnished 
29,276 Federal combatants, while Rhode Island furnished 
but 23,236 ; Virginia 37,791 and Minnesota 24,020 ; Mary- 
land 46,638 and Vermont 33,288; Tennessee 51,225 and 
New Hampshire 33,937; Kentucky 75,760 and Connecti- 
cut 55,864; Missouri 109,111 and Maine 70,107, Iowa 
76,242, New Jersey 76,814, Michigan 87,364 and Wis- 
consin 91,327. Thus there were more Federal combatants 
from Louisiana than from Minnesota or Rhode Island; 
more from Virginia, or Maryland, or Tennessee than from 
New Hampshire, or Vermont, or Minnesota, or Rhode 
Island; more from Kentucky than from Maine, or Con- 
necticut, or New Hampshire, or Vermont, or Minnesota, or 
Rhode Island. Iowa was ahead of Kentucky less than 
five hundred and New Jersey only about a thousand. 
There were more from Missouri than from Wisconsin, or 
Michigan, or New Jersey, or Iowa, or Maine, or Connecti- 
cut, or New Hampshire, or Vermont, or Minnesota, or 
Rhode Island. Over 100,000 of the Missourians were 
white. The eleven seceded States contained 5,240,250 
white people in 1860. The unseceded slave States, Dela- 
ware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri and West Virginia, 
contained 3,043,449 white people. 

In the following pages, the name of a State given after 
an officer's name is the State wherein he was born. The 
main army in the west and the main army in the east were 
each commanded in battle by a southern man. George H. 
Thomas, Virginia, commanded the army in the west and 
John Pope, Kentucky, commanded the army in the east. 
Thomas commanded the Military Division of the Missis- 
sippi, and E. R. S. Canby, Kentucky, commanded the 
Military Division of West Mississippi. These commanded 
departments, some commanding successively different de- 
partments : Robert Anderson, Kentucky, Department of 
Kentucky, of Tennessee and of Ohio. J. M, Brannan, 



12 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

District of Columbia, commanded the Department of the 
South. E. R. S. Canby, Department of New Mexico. 
S. S. Carroll, District of Columbia, Department of West 
Virginia. J. C. Fremont, South Carolina, Western De- 
partment, Mountain Department. Wra. S. Harney, Ten- 
nessee, Department of the West, David Hunter, District 
of Columbia, Department of the West, of Kansas, and of 
the South. S. A. Hurlbut, South Carolina, Department 
of the Gulf. O. McK. Mitchel, Kentucky, Department of 
the Ohio, and of the South. E. O. C. Ord, Maryland, 
Middle Department, Department of Virginia, and Depart- 
ment of Virginia and North Carolina. J. McA. Palmer, 
Kentucky, Department of Kentucky. John Pope, Depart- 
ment of the Northwest. J. J. Reynolds, Kentucky, De- 
partment of Arkansas. George H. Thomas, Department 
of the Cumberland. 

Important armies other than the main army in the east 
and in the west were commanded by Thomas, Pope, Canby, 
Ord, Fremont, John A. McClernand, Kentucky, W. H. 
Emory, Maryland, Hunter, Wm. Nelson, Kentucky, B. M. 
Prentiss, Virginia, and J. J. Reynolds, Kentucky. 

Usually a corps was not greatly under and not greatly 
over twenty thousand men — not far differing from the 
number generally under the command of Jackson, Long- 
street, Polk, or Hardee of the Confederate armies. 
Twenty southern men commanded infantry corps, some 
commanding first one corps and then another. D. B. 
Birney, Alabama, commanded the 10th, 3d and 2d; 
Francis P. Blair, Kentucky, 15th and 17th; Samuel P. 
Carter, Tennessee, 23d; Thos. L. Crittenden, Kentucky, 
21st, 2d in the west; Emory, 19th; J. C. Fremont, 1st in 
the west; Wm. H. French, Maryland, 3d; G. W. Getty, 
District of Columbia, 6th ; Wm. Hays, Virginia, 2d ; 
Hurlbut, 16th; R. W. Johnson, Kentucky, 14th; McCler- 
nand, 13th; Mitchel, 10th; John Newton, Virginia, 1st; 
Ord, 13th, 8th, 18th and 24th; Palmer, 14th; J. L. Reno, 
Virginia, 9th ; Reynolds, 19th; Thomas, 14th; T. J. Wood, 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 13 

Kentucky, 4th. Alfred Pleasanton, District of Columbia, 
commanded the cavalry corps of the main army in the east. 
Johnson was chief of cavalry, Military Division of Missis- 
sippi, and Davidson, Virginia, of West of the Mississippi. 

Important expeditions or raids were under the command 
of Blair, Carter, Mitchel, Reynolds and Lovell H. Rous- 
seau, Kentucky. 

There were many southern generals of division. 

There were 160 southern Federals who commanded bri- 
gades in battle, fighting with distinction, or are among the 
above, whose achievements are mentioned in the following 
pages. There were a number more who received promo- 
tion to date from the closing months of the War, but have 
not been found to have fought in battle in their higher 
rank, and the attempt has been made to limit the record 
to service rank. About one-half of the southern gradu- 
ates of West Point, numbering 162, took the Federal side. 
The total number of Confederate generals was 425. The 
Federal generals totaled 680: thus about one-fourth of 
the Federal generals were born in the South. There were 
a great many southern colonels, and a great many south- 
ern officers of other inferior ranks, but their names and 
services are not mentioned herein. There were 4,000 com- 
missioned officers from Kentucky in the Federal service. 

The Confederates started practically without a navy, 
and few naval officers could hope to get into action early 
on that side. Naval officers were used to the dealings of 
the United States with foreign powers, as to which the 
scheme of government made the United States one, and 
their voyages around the world tended to give them more 
than a local affection. Three hundred and twenty-one 
southerners left the United States navy ; three hundred and 
fifty remained. Eighty naval commanders of southern 
birth who were actively engaged on the Federal side with 
distinction are herein chronicled. The officer who attained 
the highest rank in the navy — vice-admiral — was a 
southerner, Farragut, Tennessee. He commanded the 



14 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

West Gulf Blockading Squadron, and on the Mississippi 
River and its tributaries up to Vicksburg. Bell, North 
Carolina, also commanded the West Gulf Blockading 
Squadron. Goldsborough and S. P. Lee, Virginia, com- 
manded the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, and Lee 
the Mississippi Squadron. C. K. Stribling, South Caro- 
lina, commanded the East Gulf Blockading Squadron. 

The selection of the birthplace in fixing the status of 
an officer as southern will be understood. It is practicable 
to find the record of the birthplaces of the various officers, 
whereas difficulties would be met with in searching to dis- 
cover in what State each officer was living at the time the 
War began, or where each had spent most of his life, or 
the latitude of the birthplace irrespective of State lines, 
or the nativity of his parents. Some of the officers men- 
tioned were southern by birth only, but many officers not 
mentioned were born south of the central latitude in States 
classed as northern, or were living in the South when the 
War began, or had lived there principally since their 
majority, or had a southern parent or parents, and 
it is submitted that the birthplace is not an unfair gauge. 
Even Grant, Sherman, Rosecrans and Burnside were identi- 
fied or connected with the South in some of these other 
ways. The names of northern Federals are excluded to 
the end of this work. Thereby the reader is sure that 
every name he sees is that of a southern man. While 
everything to the credit of northern officers is excluded, 
anything to the discredit of any one of them is avoided. 

The southern men were not massed under southern com- 
manders in separate armies. Southern officers planned and 
directed the movements of northern soldiers, and northern 
officers used southern troops. So it was in the navy. 
There were southern companies and regiments, and bri- 
gades composed almost wholly of southern men. 

When the War started the United States had available 
a steam-fleet of thirty-four vessels. Nearly sixty iron- 
clads were built by the United States during the War, all 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 15 

except three of the monitor type. Over one hundred ves- 
sels were used on the Mississippi River and its tributaries 
by the United States. The navy placed or supported the 
armies far down in the South, along the Coast or in the 
interior water-ways, saving the armies from having to 
guard lines of communication thence to the North. Most 
of the important victories were won by army and navy 
together or navy alone, and many times the armies were 
delivered by reaching or obtaining the protection of the 
navy. 

In Missouri, Francis P. Blair, Kentucky, began the for- 
mation of military companies in January, 1861, to use 
them against secessionists. The name given them was 
" Home Guards." Secessionists were organized as minute 
men. United States troops had been sent into St. Louis 
to protect the Assistant Treasury and other United States 
property on the day these two organizations began, Jan- 
uary 11th, 1861. There were in St. Louis semi-military 
organizations called " Wide- Awakes," composed almost ex- 
clusively of anti-slavery German blood. Blair converted 
these into Home Guards. To confront them, a brigade of 
Missouri state troops was in existence, about 580 men. A 
Union Safety Committee was formed in St. Louis. 

In the southern part of St. Louis, on the shore of the 
Mississippi River, was the United States arsenal, contain- 
ing about 60,000 stand of arms and a large supply of 
munitions of war. The possession of these arms was of 
large consequence. Blair saw Abraham Lincoln before 
Lincoln left Springfield to be inaugurated, and arranged 
for securing the arsenal. With Blair in close touch with 
the arsenal, Home Guards were organized, drilled and dis- 
ciplined by United States officers. Winfield Scott, Vir- 
ginia, was Commander-in-chief of the armies of the United 
States. Scott sent troops to the St. Louis arsenal Feb- 
ruary 16th, 1861, from the Jefferson Barracks in St. 
Louis. To the courage, moderation and tact of Blair it 
was largely due that not one member of the Missouri Con- 



16 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

vention elected February 18th, 1861, would say he was in 
favor of the secession of Missouri. W. S. Harney, Ten- 
nessee, was Commander of the Department of the West, 
with headquarters at St. Louis. 

Prior to Lincoln's inauguration Scott caused to be or- 
ganized the most reliable of the Washington volunteers, 
and called from a distance two batteries of horse artillery, 
with small detachments of cavalry and infantry — all 
regulars. Joseph Holt, Kentucky, was Secretary of War 
during the months immediately preceding Lincoln's admin- 
istration. 

March 4th, 1861, Abraham Lincoln, Kentucky, by virtue 
of his inauguration as President, became Commander-in- 
chief of the army and navy of the United States. Some 
military direction he exercised throughout the War. 
Eight out of fifteen slave-holding States did not choose to 
secede rather than face the consequences of having the 
Federal Government exercise its jurisdiction within them 
in a Lincoln republican administration, pending some ac- 
tion thereof which might decide them otherwise. March 
18th, 1861, Thomas H. Hicks, Maryland, Governor of 
Maryland, applied to Scott for arms and soldiers, if these 
should become necessary to put down belligerent Mary- 
landers. 

The last of March a revolution set in against F. P. 
Blair and his followers in St. Louis. 

Thornton A. Jenkins, Virginia, naval officer, with mili- 
tary aid prevented the forts at Key West and Dry Tortu- 
gas, Fla., from falling into the hands of an expedition 
sent from New Orleans before the War was begun. He 
performed secret service at the request of President Lin- 
coln. Wm. H. French, Maryland, was in command at Key 
West from March 27th to November. 

Florida failed to take possession of Fort Pickens, on an 
island commanding the entrance of Pensacola harbor, and 
South Carolina failed to take possession of Fort Sumter, 
on a shoal within the entrance of Charleston harbor. The 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 17 

United States Government, before the War began, occu- 
pied both forts, and thereby had part possession of each 
harbor. Henry Walke, Virginia, naval officer, commanded 
the Supply, and assisted in moving the garrison which 
took possession of Fort Pickens. This was a first step to- 
ward gaining possession of Florida. 

The occupation of Fort Sumter was the occasion for the 
sequence that the Confederates were caused to fire the first 
shot of the War, which fact, in turn, was used to consolidate 
the people of the United States in support of the admin- 
istration for the prosecution of the War. 

Montgomery C. Meigs, Georgia, Chief Engineer, 
planned, proposed, organized and conducted an expedition 
for throwing in reinforcements and mounting heavy guns 
at Fort Pickens. The Powhatan, W. W. Queen, District 
of Columbia, left New York for Fort Pickens April 6th, 
1861, with the steamer Atlantic just ahead, carrying re- 
spectively the artillery and troops. The Atlantic was 
chartered by Meigs. 

Robert Anderson, Kentucky, had removed his garrison of 
64 men from Fort Moultrie on the mainland of Charles- 
ton harbor to Fort Sumter, December 26th, 1860. Mont- 
gomery Blair, Kentucky, Postmaster-General, interested 
President Lincoln in the idea of provisioning and reen- 
forcing Fort Sumter. The two southern members of the 
Cabinet, he and Edward Bates, Virginia, Attorney-Gen- 
eral, were the ones who voted in favor of its reinforce- 
ment. Lincoln adopted the plan. The squadron of four 
vessels, with two tugs, left New York and Fortress Monroe 
from April 8th to 10th. Anderson was in command of 
Fort Sumter. Confederate scouts discovered the Pawnee 
and Harriet Lane outside Charleston Bar the evening of 
April 11th. The Baltic also arrived with 200 recruits. 
Anderson had informed the United States Government at 
Washington that his supplies would last till April 15th. 

Bombardment of Fort Sumter, Charleston Harbor, S. C, 
April 12th and 13th, 1861. Two of the United States 



18 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

vessels had cannon. The fourth arrived the afternoon of 
the 13th. Anderson withstood bombardment until about 
3 p. m. of the 13th. Officers' quarters and barracks were 
set on fire the second day, and there was danger that the 
magazine would explode. He obtained terms permitting 
his men to march out on the 14th. They embarked, the 
Baltic taking him and his men away. 

Fort Pickens, April 12th. A company of 75 artillery- 
men were landed by the Brooklyn, of the naval force al- 
ready before Pensacola. W. P. McCann, Kentucky, re- 
enforced Fort Pickens, April 14th-15th, 1861. 

The United States regular army was very small, 16,000 
men. There were United States arsenals containing thou- 
sands of guns and a good supply of ammunition in the most 
northerly of the southern States. It was of critical mo- 
ment which side should seize them. The Federals had 
slight means to resist their seizure until armies could be 
created in the North and marched down, unless Federals 
should spring up in those southern States and contend for 
these munitions of war. The regulars were principally in 
the west, guarding the frontier against the Indians. 

April 15th, 1861, President Lincoln called for 75,000 
volunteers, calling upon the governor of each State desig- 
nated for a certain number of men. The governors were, 
ex officio, commanders-in-chief of the army and navy of 
their respective States. 

Richard Yates, Kentucky, was governor of Illinois un- 
til 1865. He endorsed the call for troops, convened the 
Legislature in extra session immediately, and moved troops 
to the southern part of the State. The people of south- 
ern Illinois declared they would never suffer a northern 
army to pass the southern boundary of Illinois for the pur- 
pose of invading a southern State. Yates was active in 
raising volunteers. The aggregate from Illinois for the 
War was 259,147. Yates was relied on by President 
Lincoln. General Richard Oglesby, Kentucky, incapaci- 
tated by a wound, was governor of Illinois in 1865. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 19 

Samuel J. Kirkwood, Maryland, was governor of Iowa 
to 1864. He sent about fifty regiments to the War, most 
of them for three years. The result was that Iowa was 
one of the few States in which there was no draft. 

Alvin Saunders, Kentucky, was governor of Nebraska 
Territory from 1861 to the end of the War. He raised 
3,000 Federal troops. 

Frederick P. Stanton, Virginia, was governor of Kansas 
Territory from the beginning of the War to June, 1861. 
He acted with wisdom and judgment. 

Abraham Rencher, North Carolina, was governor of 
New Mexico Territory. Some Federal troops were raised 
in New Mexico. Rencher held the Territory against the 
Confederates. 

Henry S. Lane, Kentucky, carried Indiana for the Re- 
publican ticket in 1860, and became governor of the State 
on January 11th, 1861, but served only four days. By an 
arrangement he became United States senator and the 
power of the State was thrown in favor of the Lincoln ad- 
ministration. 

Thos. H. Hicks, Maryland, was governor of Maryland 
to 1862. He had the Legislature meet in special session in 
the western part of the State, where the Federal sentiment 
was strong, on April 24th. Augustus W. Bradford, Mary- 
land, succeeded him, continuing until 1865. He was a 
strong Federal. Upon Lee's entrance in 1862, he suc- 
ceeded in bringing out Maryland volunteers. Upon Lee's 
entrance again in 1863, his call drew forth a number of 
troops for defense. Thos. Swann, Virginia, was gov- 
ernor of Maryland from January, 1865. He supported 
the Federal administration. 

The governors then in office in Kentucky and Missouri 
were against an armed conflict with the Confederate States, 
and rejected the call for volunteers. Jas. F. Robinson, 
Kentuck}', assumed the duties of governor of Kentucky in 
1862, continuing till the fall of 1863. His conduct of 
affairs was in accord with the Federal administration. 



20 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Thos. E. Bramlette, Kentucky, was governor from then 
till the close of the War. He had been a Federal army 
officer. 

Hamilton R. Gamble, Virginia, was governor of Mis- 
souri, 1861—1864. He was one of the recognized leaders 
of the Federal movement in Missouri. When the State 
Convention declared the office of governor vacant, he was 
chosen provisional governor. He was confronted by grave 
problems. He was a good counselor of the administration 
at Washington. Federal General Thos. C. Fletcher, Mis- 
souri, was governor of Missouri in 1865. 

Francis H. Pierpont, Virginia, was governor of Federal 
Virginia from 1861 throughout the War. He was a pro- 
nounced anti-slavery man and worked zealously for the 
Federals. 

Andrew Johnson, North Carolina, became military gov- 
ernor of Tennessee in 1862. He raised 25 regiments for 
service in Tennessee. 

Andrew J. Hamilton, Alabama, was military governor of 
Texas. 

In the early stages there was a struggle of mind against 
mind in Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri, and to some 
extent in other southern States, between those for and 
against secession to throw the power of the State and range 
the majority of the people on the one side or the other. 
The anti-secessionists in all three States temporized, played 
for delay and urged a waiting policy. 

In Maryland the secessionists did not form a military 
force and battle with arms for the possession of the State 
Government. The anti-secessionists were not placed under 
the necessity of literally fighting for the State, and no 
secession army sprung up in Maryland to necessitate the 
employment of any army from the North to defeat it. 
This effort and expense were saved. The Maryland Fed- 
erals went forth and joined the other Federal troops in 
the North or in the District of Columbia, and the Con- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 21 

federates went South and joined the Confederate armies in- 
stead of fighting in their own State. 

In Kentucky the State Government early requested that 
the armies of both sides should not enter the State, and 
the secessionists did not rise in arms and force those op- 
posed to them to battle against them. Loosely organized 
companies of militia called Home Guards were created, 
hostile to the secessionists, in Louisville and other places 
when war impended. Many of these afterward became 
soldiers of the regular Federal armies, and others remain- 
ing in the State did important service. Militia were raised 
by the secessionists and named State Guards, but the drift 
of them was into the Confederate armies outside the State. 
So there was not civil war in Kentucky between the Home 
Guards and State Guards. Occasional minor clashes oc- 
curred directly between them. 

In Missouri existing bodies of " Wide- A wakes " were 
converted into " Home Guards " and other Home Guards 
were organized. The Governor, C. F. Jackson, sympa- 
thizing with the Confederates, started collecting and or- 
ganizing State troops to restrain Missourians from join- 
ing the Federals, and to dissuade the Federal Government 
from camping Federals troops within the State, but an 
early reverse disarmed the Governor's chief force, and the 
Federals were able to gain the upper hand before the Gov- 
ernor could obtain arms and collect a sufficient force to de- 
feat them. The Governor was deposed, and the power 
of the State Government was thereafter exerted through- 
out the War against the Confederates. Thus the seces- 
sionists were never possessed of the military power of the 
State from the beginning. So the Federals were never at 
the disadvantage of struggling to wrest it from them. The 
disadvantage was on the side of the Confederates, and 
they tried unsuccessfully through the War to take the 
authority from the Federals, Confederate armies from else- 
where aiding the Missouri secessionists to make incursions 



22 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

into the State, and being resisted largely by Missouri Fed- 
erals. Missouri Federals also did much fighting in other 
States. In the convention campaign F. P. Blair was the 
leader of the unconditional union party. He drew many 
men opposed to secession from the older parties by using 
this party name. 

In western Virginia the anti-secessionists were strong 
enough to make of that section the new State of West 
Virginia. Western Virginia citizens, in communication 
with the people beyond their western border, determined to 
resist eastern Virginia with their help, and together they 
expelled the Confederates. 

In Tennessee there was a strong Federal party at the 
outbreak of the War. When Gov. Harris was driven from 
Nashville in February, 1862, Andrew Johnson was ap- 
pointed military governor, and considerable of the power 
of the State was wielded in the Federal behalf. 

Arkansas was fairly divided between those in favor of 
and those opposed to secession in the early part of 1861. 
An ordinance of secession was passed May 6th, 1861. In 
October and November, 1863, delegates met at Fort Smith, 
Ark., to take steps to reorganize the State Government, and 
in January, 1864, a convention met at Little Rock and 
framed a constitution which was accepted by the people. 
In April, 1864, a Federal State Government was organized. 

J. A. McClernand, Kentucky, recruited a brigade. Jas. 
M. Shackelford, Kentucky, raised two Kentucky regiments. 
Jas. S. Jackson, Kentucky, organized a cavalry regiment. 
Lovell H. Rousseau, Kentucky, raised two regiments. E. 
H. Hobson, Kentucky, organized a regiment. W. E. 
Woodruff, Kentucky, helped establish " Camp Clay," and 
raise two regiments. Camp Clay was just above Cincin- 
nati. Robert Anderson, Kentucky, opened a recruiting 
office there for volunteers from Kentucky and western Vir- 
ginia. Two Kentucky regiments organized at Camp Clay 
were in western Virginia in July, 1861, and fought in the 
western Virginia campaign. Louisville and immediate 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 2;J 

vicinity furnished the principal part of seven Federal reg- 
iments. The Federal armies took possession of Kentucky, 
and by 1862 the Confederate forces had evacuated the 
State. Including the Home Guards and those who enlisted 
but were never mustered in, Kentucky furnished more than 
90,000 Federal troops, over 75,000 of them white, includ- 
ing active Home Guards who did not serve outside the State. 
Two Kentucky regiments were engaged at Mill Springs ; 
fourteen at Shiloh ; eight at Perryville ; thirteen at Mur- 
freesboro; nine in the east Tennessee expedition of 1863; 
fifteen at Chickamauga ; eleven at Missionary Ridge, and 
more than thirty in the Atlanta campaign. 

Jas. Cooper, Maryland, took command of Maryland vol- 
unteers and organized them into regiments. He was in 
command of Camp Chase. George Vickers, Maryland, be- 
came Major General of State Militia. A. W. Denison, 
Maryland, recruited a regiment. 

S. H. Boyd, Tennessee, raised a Missouri regiment. 
Thos. C. Fletcher, Missouri, recruited a Missouri regiment 
and organized two more Missouri regiments. There were 
thirty-seven Missouri regiments in the Federal armies. 

In Indiana Thos. J. Wood, Kentucky, organized, 
equipped, mustered into service and sent into the field 
40,000 volunteers from April to October, 1861. T. A. 
Morris, Kentucky, was appointed Quartermaster General of 
Indiana and had charge of the equipment of Indiana's first 
regiments. As General, he commanded the first brigade of 
troops who went from that State. W. P. Benton, Mary- 
land, organized the first company offered by Indiana. J. 
J. Reynolds, Kentucky, was in command of Camp Morton, 
Indianapolis, April to May, 1861. 

J. McA. Palmer, Kentucky, organized a regiment in 
Illinois. 

Wm. Vandever, Maryland, organized a regiment in Iowa 
and led it to the field. 

Alfred Pleasanton, District of Columbia, was engaged in 
organizing volunteers at Wilmington, Del., in April, 1861. 



M FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Augustus J. Pleasanton, District of Columbia, Brigadier 
General Pennsylvania militia, organized and commanded a 
Home Guard of 10,000 men for the defense of Philadelphia. 

Fremont was in Europe when the War began. He 
bought a large supply of arms in France. 

Gabriel R. Paul, Missouri, did good service in keeping 
Confederates out of New Mexico, in the operations there 
in 1861-62. 

At first, troops of the northern States west of Pennsyl- 
vania were not concentrated there in armies for offensive 
and defensive operations against the Confederate States 
lying directly to the south of them. They were generally 
sent east for the protection of Washington. Then Scott 
planned a movement down the Mississippi River. This 
was made the following year, but present movements were 
directed against Virginia. Kentucky, Missouri, West Vir- 
ginia and Maryland were buffers, saving the North the ne- 
cessity of posting large armies at strategic points to the 
north of them along their frontier, as well as relieving the 
North from furnishing the armies of men which would have 
been necessary for the conquest of these four States, had 
their people been unitedly hostile, and enabling the Fed- 
erals readily to put armies along their southern rather than 
their northern boundaries for offensive operations against 
the States further south. Many Tennessee Federals early 
moved north into Kentucky and some Arkansas Federals 
joined in Missouri the Federals there, helping Kentucky 
and Missouri to form their line along their southern borders. 

Alvan C. Gillem, Tennessee, was engaged in the defense 
of Fort Taylor, Key West, Fla., from the beginning of the 
War to October, 1861. Bennett H. Hill, District of Co- 
lumbia, commanded at Key West, 1861—62. 

Chas. M. Thruston, Kentucky, was engaged in guarding 
the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, 1861-62. 

The call upon Maryland for volunteers, April 15th, was 
for four regiments of infantry. Gov. Hicks was assured 
that they were not to be taken out of Maryland except for 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 25 

the defense of the District of Columbia. He assured the 
people that no troops would pass through Maryland except 
for the defense of Washington. 

The Atlantic arrived off Fort Pickens April 16th. 

Wm. S. Harney, Tennessee, commanding the Department 
of the West, which embraced all the country lying between 
the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains, except 
Texas, New Mexico and Utah, as then constituted, re- 
ported to Winfield Scott, April 16th, that it appeared Gov- 
ernor Jackson, of Missouri, intended erecting batteries on 
hills commanding the St. Louis arsenal. Governor Jack- 
son planned thereby to capture the arsenal and obtain its 
arms. 

Harney, apprised of the danger of the capture of the 
Fort Leavenworth arsenal, ordered infantry and artillery 
from several of the western forts to march there with the 
least delay. J. L. Reno, Virginia, was in command of that 
arsenal from the beginning of the War to December 6th, 
1861. 

The Powhatan, W. W. Queen commanding, arrived off 
Fort Pickens April 17th. Montgomery C. Meigs was al- 
ready there. 600 soldiers were lodged in the Fort with 
provisions and artillery and other munitions of war that 
night. Other reinforcements were sent afterward. 

April 17th, Francis P. Blair returned to St. Louis from 
Washington. He had procured from the War Department 
an order placing 5,000 stand of arms at disposal for arm- 
ing the Missouri Home Guards, if necessary. He raised a 
regiment in Missouri within ten days from the issue of the 
President's call. He hastened the recruitment of three ad- 
ditional regiments, and he obtained from his brother, Post- 
master-General Montgomery Blair, Kentucky, orders which 
facilitated the use of the arsenal for his designs. 

Chas. Gibson, Virginia, called a mass-meeting at St. 
Louis. He wrote to Washington urging removal of mu- 
nitions of war from St. Louis to Illinois. 

The Virginia Convention passed an ordinance of seces- 



26 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

sion in secret session the night of April 17th. 55 members 
voted against it ; 88 for it. Anti-secession members of the 
Convention from western Virginia returned home via Wash- 
ington, and the action of the Virginia Convention became 
known to the Federal Government. 

April 18th, a Union meeting was held in Louisville, Ky. 

Roger Jones, District of Columbia, on duty at the 
Harper's Ferry arsenal, destroyed it with 20,000 stand 
of arms when Virginia troops came to seize it, and evacuated 
Harper's Ferry the night of April 18th. 

John C. Tidball, Virginia, was engaged in the defense of 
Fort Pickens from April 19th to July 3d, 1861. 

April 19th, Federal volunteers from the North passing 
through Baltimore were stoned by citizens. Soldiers fired 
on the citizens. Mayor Brown, of Baltimore, marched at 
the head of the troops to stop the attack. Gov. Hicks 
called out the local military companies with the same object. 
Bridges on railroads from Baltimore to the North were 
burnt that night. 

Scott was charged with the protection of Washington. 
Washington was cut off from the North for a week. Cas- 
sius M. Clay, Kentucky, had enrolled there, quickly and dis- 
creetly, a volunteer force of Federals called the Clay bat- 
talion. Under Scott, a small force of regulars and this 
battalion commanded by Clay stood guard and constituted 
the defensive force at Washington until the arrival of the 
first northern troops, April 25th. The battalion proved a 
moral force. Afterward Clay, as Minister to Russia, was 
influential in the determination of Russia's stand in favor 
of the United States Government. David Hunter, Dis- 
trict of Columbia, had the duty of protecting President 
Lincoln's house and person early in the War. 

Some 200 unorganized men, during the night of April 
20th, 1861, crossed the Missouri River at Sibley, joined a 
company on the north bank, and seized from the United 
States garrison the Liberty, Mo., arsenal, obtaining a large 
store of arms and ammunition. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 27 

Chas. Steedman, South Carolina, naval officer, conveyed 
a regiment from Havre de Grace to Annapolis, Md. There 
was little opposition by the Annapolis authorities, April 
20th— 21st, to the landing there of the troops from the 
North. The fact that Gov. Hicks did not call out the 
militia to prevent the landing was encouraging. 

Norfolk, Va., with the navy yard across the river, was 
evacuated by the Federals the night of April 20th. The 
navy yard and a number of vessels were set afire. John 
H. Russell, naval officer, was instrumental in removing 
vessels from the yard, preventing them from falling into 
Confederate hands. 

Governor Yates sent troops to Cairo April 21st. 

Harney was relieved of command April 21st. 

April 21st, Geo. H. Thomas, Virginia, with four com- 
panies of his regiment, dispersed Marylanders who threat- 
ened to tear up tracks of the Pennsylvania Northern Cen- 
tral Railroad. 

At Clarksburg, western Virginia, April 22d, an assem- 
bly of delegates of people of western Virginia was called to 
meet at Wheeling May 13th. 

Up to April 22d Gov. Hicks had refrained from as- 
sembling the Maryland Legislature. It appeared they 
would have taken action looking toward secession, or other 
action which would have been troublesome to the Federal 
Government. He now issued a summons for the assembling 
of the Legislature at Annapolis April 26th, feeling that he 
would lose power if he refused longer. Federal troops took 
possession of the railroad west from Annapolis. Later, he 
changed the meeting-place of the Legislature to Frederick 
— a strong anti-secession locality. They met April 24th. 
His message to the Legislature when they assembled tem- 
porized. A change in feelings expressed by Baltimore peo- 
ple was perceptible in about a week after the attack upon 
the troops. The Maryland Senate adopted resolutions 
styled " Address to the People of Maryland," stating that 
the Legislature did not have the right to pass an act of 



28 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

secession. The Legislature voted against a convention. 

Chas. Steedman, South Carolina, kept open railroad com- 
munication with the North from Washington. 

21,000 arms from the St. Louis arsenal were taken to 
Springfield, 111., April 26th. At Kansas City, Mo., anti- 
Federals seized arms and ammunition destined to Fort 
Union, N. M. 

April 27th, President Lincoln formally empowered Scott 
to suspend the writ of habeas corpus anywhere in or in the 
vicinity of any military line between Washington and 
Philadelphia. Hicks asked Scott to send a detachment of 
troops to Frederick. He also acted to have troops in 
Pennsylvania sent there. 

Wm. Nelson, Kentucky, naval officer, on ordnance duty 
at Washington when the War started, planned the bring- 
ing of United States muskets into Kentucky in April. He 
arranged for a secret meeting of prominent Kentucky Fed- 
erals at Frankfort, Ky., which occurred in the latter part 
of April. Men were designated to distribute arms to be 
obtained from the Government in Washington. 

Gov. Jackson, Missouri, had ordered that the militia be 
assembled, each within its own district, on May 3d, to go 
into encampment for six days. This order authorized Gen. 
Frost, in command of the State brigade, to establish his 
camp wherever he pleased within the City or County of St. 
Louis. The Governor and his associates hoped that this 
would place a sufficient force within reach of the arsenal to 
seize it, without disclosing that this was the secret design 
of the movement. However, the knowledge which the Fed- 
erals had, and their aims, caused them to transfer the sur- 
plus arms from St. Louis to Illinois on April 26th. Vol- 
unteers had been armed and the regulars had theirs. 
There were then more than 500 regulars and 5,000 well- 
armed volunteers of St. Louis on the Federal side. Re- 
moval of the arms from the arsenal had taken away the 
motive which caused the Governor to order the militia into 
camp at St. Louis. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 29 

May 2d the Missouri General Assembly met. 

May 4th Winfield Scott ordered that Relay, a few miles 
from Baltimore, be taken possession of, by Federal troops, 
which was done the next day. 

The State brigade went into camp in the western part of 
St. Louis May 6th. The camp was named Camp Jackson. 
Besides the brigade of 700 men, a number of men had come 
from all quarters of Missouri. Capt. Kelly's company was 
detached and ordered to Jefferson City, the Missouri 
Capital, leaving about 630 men. F. P. Blair and others 
had organized over 6,000 Missouri troops. Blair was in- 
formed that the Confederates had sent arms and ammu- 
nition for the State brigade from Louisiana to St. Louis. 

May 6th, 1861, Tennessee and Arkansas passed ordi- 
nances of secession. The Federals lost the arsenal at Lit- 
tle Rock. 

The night of May 8th the arms, etc., from Baton Rouge, 
La., for Gov. Jackson's men arrived at St. Louis. 

May 10th, 1861, the regulars and Blair, with the vol- 
unteers, marched against Camp Jackson; Blair, Benj. G. 
Brown, Kentucky, and other leading Missourians having co- 
operated in making arrangements. Brown was in the 
march. The State brigade, with others, making 1,500 
men, surrendered to the 500 regulars and 3,500 Missouri 
volunteers. The captives were released on parole the next 
night. There were ten regiments of Home Guards and 
Missouri volunteers which had been organized. They fired 
upon citizens in the streets of St. Louis who were taunting 
them, killing 28. War measures were at once, May 10th, 
adopted by the Missouri General Assembly. 

May 11th a shot was fired into the ranks of a regiment 
of Home Guards marching in the City of St. Louis, and it 
fired a volley at the crowd. Several citizens were killed. 
Home Guards terrified the city. Gen. Harney resumed 
command that day, and resolved to keep Missouri on the 
Federal side. He took military possession of St. Louis, 
stationing troops at all important points. 



30 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Wm. Nelson, Kentucky, saw President Lincoln early in 
May, 1861, and told him he must furnish arms to Ken- 
tuckians, or, in the end, fight for the restoration of the 
State. He laid before the President his plan for furnish- 
ing arms to the Kentucky Federals. The President ap- 
proved his plan, and agreed to furnish him 5,000 muskets 
to be distributed in Kentucky. He authorized Nelson to 
distribute guns to Federals of east Tennessee also. The 
guns were shipped from Washington to Cincinnati. Nelson 
went to Cincinnati and forwarded some to Jeffersonville, 
Ind., opposite Louisville. He went to Louisville. Ar- 
rangements were made for orders to be given for the guns 
by men in different localities of Kentucky. 1,200 guns 
were assigned to Louisville, and were brought there and 
issued to the Louisville Home Guards. Home Guards were 
formed in various localities, as soon as it was learned that 
there were arms for them. Guns were sent to Paris, Lex- 
ington, Maysville, Danville and other places in Kentucky. 
By the exercise of ingenuity they were distributed 
safely. 

A committee from western Virginia went to Washington 
to procure arms and ammunition. 2,000 minie rifles with 
suitable ammunition were obtained. They were brought to 
Wellsburg, Va., May 8th, 1861, and were distributed after- 
ward from Wheeling, western Virginia. 

First Wheeling Assemblage. — A mass-meeting of a large 
number of Federals, nearly 400 delegates, from western 
Virginia was held at Wheeling May 13th, which arranged 
for the calling of a convention, and appointed a Central 
Committee to contest the authority of the secessionists and 
support the Federal Government. The Central Committee 
worked vigorously. 

A blockade of the Mississippi River at Cairo was es- 
tablished May 13th. 

The night of May 13th Baltimore was put practically 
under martial law by the Federals. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 31 

Henry L. Scott, North Carolina, was appointed Inspec- 
tor General of the United States Army May 14th. 

May 14th Gov. Hicks issued a call for four regiments to 
make up Maryland's quota called for by President Lincoln. 
The offer was refused by the Administration. Volunteers 
were obtained. Gov. Hicks collected arms and turned them 
over to the United States Government. The Maryland 
Legislature were to have reassembled May 14th. 

The military bill passed by the Missouri Legislature upon 
the capture of Camp Jackson put the military force of the 
State under the command of the Governor, and the officers 
and men were required to take an oath to obey him alone. 
Harney, in a proclamation of May 14th to the people of 
Missouri, denounced the military act, characterizing it as 
indirect secession and unconstitutional. 

May 15th the 1st Virginia Federal infantry regiment 
was mustered in on Wheeling Island. 

Montgomery C. Meigs, Georgia, Quartermaster General 
U. S. Army, directed the equipping and supplying of the 
armies in the field from May 15th, 1861, to the end of the 
War. 

Kentucky Act of Neutrality, May 16th. R. T. Jacob, 
Kentucky, resisted with boldness and efficiency the effort 
to have Kentucky secede. 

May 17th citizens of Louisville formed the " Union 
Club," which helped determine the stand of Kentucky. 
This was during the extra Kentucky legislative session of 
May. A Federal municipal ticket was elected in Louisville, 
May 17th. The magazine containing the ammunition be- 
longing to the State was under the control of S. B. Buck- 
ner, anti-Federal, but the new mayor of Louisville de- 
manded the keys, and, backed by the Louisville Home 
Guards, armed from Washington, enforced the surrender 
of them. Subsequently the Louisville State Guard were 
despoiled of their arms by the mayor's order. 

B. M. Prentiss, Virginia, was placed in command of 



32 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Cairo, 111., May 17th. By that time there were about 5,000 
Federals there. He organized camps of instruction there. 
The camp was named " Camp Defiance." He strengthened 
the post. 

May 17th Harney telegraphed to Winfield Scott for 
10,000 stand of arms for issue to Federal Missourians in 
other counties than the County of St. Louis. 

The Missouri Legislature divided the State into eight 
military districts, the Governor to appoint a brigadier gen- 
eral to command each, and a major general to command the 
entire force when called into active service. 

May 18th Sterling Price was appointed the major gen- 
eral of the Missouri State force. By that date more than 
1,000 volunteers for Gov. Jackson's campaign had gathered 
at Jefferson City. State Guards were now organized. 

May 20th, 1861, North Carolina seceded. 

Magoffin, as Governor of Kentucky, issued a proclama- 
tion on May 20th warning the people of the State from 
taking any part in hostilities on either side, and forbidding 
both the United States and the Confederate governments 
from undertaking any occupation of Kentucky territory, 
and from invading her soil with a hostile force. 

An agreement, which came to be called the Price-Harney 
Peace Agreement, was made between them May 21st. The 
Missouri State forces were to abstain from fighting the Fed- 
eral Government, and the Federal Government was, in turn, 
to make no war-like move against the State. Blair's 
brother-in-law, sent by him, reached Washington May 16th, 
and persuaded President Lincoln to make an order reliev- 
ing Harney from command of the Department of the West, 
the weight of Harney's name and influence having had their 
force, and extreme measures being now desired. The or- 
der was sent to Blair, to be delivered by him to Harney as 
and when his discretion decided. 

An address from the Wheeling mass-meeting was issued 
to the people of northwestern Virginia May 22d, and 
separation of western from eastern Virginia was voted for. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 33 

May 23d Virginia ratified at the polls the ordinance of 
secession. The Federal Virginians, besides voting against 
it, elected at the same time members of the General As- 
sembly and of Congress. 

May 24th the Kentucky Legislature passed an act for 
the arming of the State. For that purpose a " military 
board " was created. A ma j ority of this board was against 
the secessionists. It was authorized to borrow money for 
the purchase of arms for the Home Guards and State 
Guards, but the law required that the soldiers should take 
an oath of fidelity to the Constitution of the United States. 
The Legislature took no pronounced action. The members 
were too nearly equally divided to take any radical step. 
The Governor was greatly disappointed. 

Campaigns against Virginia. An army crossed the 
Potomac River at Washington and advanced by stages un- 
til it reached Bull Run. Another moved south a short dis- 
tance in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. Troops 
reached Fortress Monroe, Virginia, by water, and started a 
move on the Peninsula. A forward move was made from the 
Ohio River into the interior of western Virginia. In east- 
ern Virginia the object was to defeat the Confederate force 
interposed between the Federal forces and Richmond, the 
Capital of the Confederacy, and enter that city, and 
the immediate defensive was the protection of Washington, 
the Capital of the United States. 

Federal forces crossed into Virginia May 24th and en- 
camped opposite Washington. A detachment set foot 
upon the east bank of the Ohio River in western Virginia 
May 26th. 

May 27th Federals advanced simultaneously from Wheel- 
ing and Parkersburg, clearing northwestern Virginia of 
Confederates, and leaving the anti-secession people there 
free to organize. Part of a regiment which had been or- 
ganized in western Virginia took cars at Wheeling for 
Grafton May 87th. 



34 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

May 28th the " Department of Kentucky " was created, 
with Robert Anderson, Kentucky, in command, headquar- 
ters Cincinnati. 

John Newton, Virginia, was Chief Engineer Department 
of Pennsylvania, May 29th to July 23d, 1861, accom- 
panying the army in the Valley of Virginia. 

The advance reached Grafton May 30th. It was sent to 
drive off the Confederates and protect the Baltimore & 
Ohio Railroad, they having burned some bridges on it. 
Thos. A. Morris, Kentucky, had been placed in command 
of all troops in western Virginia. Jacob Ammen, Vir- 
ginia, and Durbin Ward, Kentucky, were among those en- 
gaged in the western Virginia campaign. 

W. H. Emory, Maryland, had concentrated troops of 
four forts at Arbuckle, Indian Territory, and safely 
reached Fort Leavenworth, Kan., May 31st. 

E. R. S. Canby, Kentucky, was made acting brigadier 
general of United States forces in New Mexico in May, 
1861. 

Fremont returned from Europe in May. He is among 
those given some of the credit for the creation of iron- 
clads to be used on the Mississippi River. Attorney-Gen- 
eral Bates, Virginia, pointed out the necessity of creating a 
naval force in the west to get possession of the tributaries 
of the Mississippi River, then of the Mississippi itself. 
The first step in the creation of a Mississippi flotilla was 
taken in May, 1861, by John Rodgers, naval officer, Mary- 
land, in purchasing the Conestoga, Lexington and Tyler 
and converting them at Cincinnati into wooden gunboats. 
R. N. Stembel, Maryland, naval officer, helped alter, equip 
and man them. Chas. Steedman, South Carolina, and 
A. H. Kilty, Maryland, naval officers, assisted in organ- 
izing naval forces that operated on the Mississippi in gun- 
boats. John A. Winslow, North Carolina, naval officer, 
helped construct the Mississippi flotilla and took two divi- 
sions down to Cairo. W. D. Porter, Louisiana, naval 
officer, helped fit out the gunboat fleet. He designed and 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 35 

superintended the construction of the gunboats Fort 
Henri/ and Choctaw. Mound City, near Cairo, garrisoned 
by Yates, Governor of Illinois, was made a naval depot. 
At the junction of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, Cairo 
was an important point, and the naval depot was a large 
factor in operations. A. M. Pennock, Virginia, naval 
officer, was placed in command at Cairo. He had charge 
of it, with the naval station and yard, through the War. 
He was fleet captain of the Mississippi Squadron. The 
side holding the Mississippi could cut to the heart of the 
other. 

Harney relinquished command of the Department of the 
West May 30th. Blair wrote the President May 30th out- 
lining a plan for the President to authorize the enlistment 
in Missouri of a sufficient number of troops to hold Jeffer- 
son City, Lexington, St. Joseph, Hannibal, Macon City, 
Springfield and other points, and to order the United States 
troops at Fort Leavenworth, and the regiments that were 
being raised in Kansas, to cooperate in resisting any incur- 
sion into the State from the southwest. The leaders on the 
other side were represented as being intimidated by the 
blow struck at Camp Jackson. His plan embraced opera- 
tions against the Confederates from the Arkansas line, also 
to the Gulf along the west shore of the Mississippi. 
Orders conformably were instantly given by President Lin- 
coln, and a considerable force, fully 10,000 of them Mis- 
souri troops, was available early in June, well organized, 
armed and equipped for active service. There were then 
10,000 at St. Louis, and several thousand Home Guards 
in different parts of the State, generally well armed and 
equipped. A thousand regulars were at Fort Leavenworth. 
Against all, Governor Jackson had only a thousand par- 
tially organized troops, and most of these were armed with 
shotguns and rifles. 

June 1st, Action of Fairfax C. H., Va. Chas. H. 
Tompkins, Virginia, made a striking attack on a Confed- 
erate force and gained a victory. He had two horses shot 



36 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

under him, the second falling and severely injuring him. 
This cavalry success was the first of the War. 

George H. Thomas, Virginia, was employed in opera- 
tions in the Shenandoah Valley, June 1st to August 6th, 
1861. 

L. H. Rousseau, Kentucky, went to Washington in June. 
He was invested with authority to raise two regiments or a 
brigade. He proposed and established " Camp Joe Holt," 
between Jeffersonville and New Albany, opposite Louisville, 
recruiting from Kentucky. 

Action of Philippi, western Virginia, June 3d. T. A. 
Morris, Kentucky, adopted a plan of sending two columns 
by night to reach Philippi from different directions. The 
Confederates were surprised and routed. 

June 4th the election for delegates to the western Vir- 
ginia Convention was held. 

June 5th 5,000 more guns from President Lincoln were 
issued to the Kentuckians and the distribution proceeded. 
That day B. M. Prentiss, Virginia, broke up an anti- 
Federal camp, five miles inland from Cairo, 111. During 
the summer and fall of 1861 O. McK. Mitchel, Kentucky, 
was in command at Cincinnati. 

June 8th Tennessee declared herself out of the Union 
by popular vote. East Tennessee voted against secession 
more than two to one. 

June 11th the Convention met at Wheeling. Its mem- 
bership embraced, besides delegates, the Federal members 
of the General Assembly. 

June 11th Gov. Jackson and General Sterling Price had 
a conference at St. Louis to which F. P. Blair was a party. 
Not peace, but war in Missouri was the outcome. Gov. 
Jackson issued a proclamation June 12th calling the peo- 
ple of Missouri to arms. Orders were issued that day to 
the commanding officers of the several military districts 
to immediately assemble all of their available men for in- 
stant service in the field against the Federals. Gov. Jack- 
son learned the 13th that Federal troops were embarking 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 37 

at St. Louis with the evident intention of moving up the 
Mississippi River against Jefferson City, situated on its 
south bank. The Governor and others steamed to Boone- 
ville that night. Federal troops began moving on the 13th 
by land from St. Louis toward Springfield, mostly Mis- 
sourians, in addition to the Missouri volunteers with some 
regulars who moved by river from St. Louis that day, 
arriving at the Missouri Capital, Jefferson City, on the 
15th, and taking possession. About 1,700 Federals pro- 
ceeded towards Booneville June 16th. 

Action of Booneville, Mo., June 17th, 1861. The Mis- 
souri volunteers were commanded by F. P. Blair, Kentucky. 
Marmaduke was encountered, whose orders were to delay 
the Federals, while other troops of his side united. 
Marmaduke's force was dispersed when he attempted to fall 
back in the presence of the Federals, under Gov. Jackson's 
orders. The disarming of the State forces at Camp Jack- 
son had given the Federals St. Louis and all the adjacent 
counties. The advance upon the Missouri Capital had 
caused the State Government to evacuate it, losing prestige 
and much authority. After Booneville, the State forces 
had to give up the line of the Missouri and retire to the 
southern part of the State, the Federals gaining the power 
to call into their service part of the men in the region 
between. 

Blair, finding that Missouri had been detached from the 
Department of the West, went to Washington and secured 
the organization of " The Western Department," under 
J. C. Fremont, with headquarters at St. Louis, the Depart- 
ment consisting of Illinois, Missouri, and all the other 
States and territories lying between the Mississippi River 
and the Rocky Mountains. 

June 17th the western Virginia Convention declared all 
Virginia State offices held by secessionists vacant, and as- 
sumed to fill them with Federals, forming a new govern- 
ment, and convened a Legislature at Wheeling. 

June 17th M. C. Meigs, Georgia, Quartermaster Gen- 



38 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

cral, Issued proposals for building Mississippi iron-clads. 

The Wheeling Convention appointed Francis H. Pier- 
pont provisional governor of Federal Virginia June 20th. 

In Kentucky at the election for members of Congress 
June 20th it was made clear that Kentucky was lost to the 
Confederates. 

An eastern Tennessee Union convention at Greeneville 
declared its opposition to the Confederate Government 
June 21st. 

President Lincoln recognized the new Government of 
Virginia June 26th. 

Thos. T. Craven, District of Columbia, succeeded to the 
command of the Potomac River flotilla June 27th. Con- 
federates maintained a blockade of the Potomac until 
March, 1862, when they retired to the line of the Rappa- 
hannock River. 

W. P. McCann, Kentucky, landed additional reinforce- 
ments at Fort Pickens in June. 

M. C. Meigs contracted for the Government in July for 
the building of a number of iron-clad gunboats for the 
western waters. 

J. J. Reynolds, Kentucky, was in command of the Cheat 
Mountain District of Virginia from July to December, 
1861. 

A Federal Virginia Legislature was elected and met at 
Wheeling July 1st. Two United States senators were 
elected by it. 

Wm. Nelson, Kentucky, had commenced the enrollment of 
troops in central Kentucky. He took the first steps to 
establish Camp Dick Robinson July 2d. Nelson organ- 
ized two camps and raised regiments. 

Action of Falling Waters, Va., July 2d. T. J. Jackson 
met the Federal advance under George H. Thomas, Virginia. 
Besides observing, he delayed it with artillery. Thomas 
moved to the attack and Jackson retired his small force. 
John Newton, Virginia ; R. W. Johnson, Kentucky, and 
J. J. Abercrombie, Tennessee, were among the Federals 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 39 

engaged. Thomas, in command of a brigade, led the ad- 
vance of the army towards Winchester, skirmishing at 
Martinsburg, Va., July 3d. 

Carthage, or Dry Forks, Mo., July 5th. This engage- 
ment was nine miles north of Carthage. The retreat of 
Gov. Jackson's force had been intercepted by the troops 
sent by land from St. Louis, who attacked Gov. Jackson. 
His superior numbers spread around both Federal flanks, 
and the Federals thereupon retreated. 

At Neosho, Mo., July 5th, McCulloch, marching to the 
relief of Gov. Jackson, captured a company which the 
Federals had left there. The Federal force from Boone- 
ville had been close after Jackson. They had left 
Booneville July 3d, with a much superior force. They 
followed Jackson until they learned of his victory, when 
they turned toward Springfield to the aid of their retreat- 
ing comrades. 

Fremont was put in charge of the Western Department 
July 6th. 

July 9th, 1861, the two Kentucky regiments at Camp 
Clay embarked on steamers for western Virginia. 

T. A. Morris, Kentucky, commanding at the skirmish 
with the Confederates at Laurel Hill, or Laurel Moun- 
tain, western Virginia, pursued them thence July 9th. 

Combat of Rich Mountain, western Virginia, July 11th. 
Morris was ordered to march from Philippi to a position 
one and a half miles in front of Garnett's principal camp, 
which was promptly done. A western Virginia citizen 
gave information of a road whereby the Confederate left 
flank could be turned, and about 2,000 men were moved 
to do so. A detachment of about 350 Confederates, how- 
ever, was found guarding the road at the mountain summit, 
which opened fire when the Federals approached. The 
detachment was forced from its first position, but with 
reinforcements made a show of resistance on the crest 
farther on. About half of Pegram's Confederates re- 
treated southward during the night. The force remaining 



40 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

with Pegram divided, and Pegram surrendered 555 men, it 
being thought that the region would not afford food enough 
for his men to make their way east over the mountains and 
across the wilderness. He had attempted to join Garnett 
until this was found impracticable. The Confederates who 
had retreated southwardly made good their escape. Gar- 
nett, with the main Confederate force, retreated from 
Laurel Mountain over Cheat Mountain and northwardly. 
Morris learned of Garnett's retreat at dawn and started in 
pursuit. Wm. P. Benton, Maryland, fought bravely and 
Durbin Ward, Kentucky, was engaged in this combat. 

Combat of Carrick's Ford, western Virginia, July 13th. 
Morris came up with and struck Garnett at Carrick's Ford. 
Garnett was killed at a ford a mile or two farther on, in 
a skirmish with Morris' troops. His men were not inter- 
cepted in their further retreat east. 

George H. Thomas, Virginia, drove in outlying forces at 
Bunker Hill, July 15th. 

July 15th, 1861, Nelson and other Kentuckians started 
to establish a camp in the center of the State, " Camp Dick 
Robinson." This is interesting as the genesis of the Army 
of the Ohio, soon becoming the Army of the Cumberland. 
Nelson was made lieutenant commander July 16th and 
assigned to the command of gunboats patrolling the Ohio 
River. 

The army near Washington marched toward Bull Run 
July 16th. Winfield Scott was unable to take the field, 
having been unable to walk without assistance for over two 
years, but he directed the movements in the advance. 

General Morgan dispersed Home Guards at Cynthiana 
July 17th. Green C. Smith, Kentucky, caused him to re- 
treat southward. 

John Pope, Kentucky, was in command of the District 
of northern Missouri, July 17th to October, 1861. 

Action of Blackburn's Ford, July 18th. Barton S. 
Alexander, Kentucky, was engineer officer of the troops 
engaged. The Federals engaged fell back to Centreville. 



CHAPTER II 

Bull Run — Wilson's Creek — Hatteras Inlet — Bel- 
mont — Port Royal — Mill Springs — Fort Henry — 
Roanoke Island — Fort Donelson — Pea Ridge — First 
Iron-Clad Battle — New Madrid — New Bern — Kerns- 
town. 

Battle of First Bull Run, or Manassas, July 21 st, 
1861. J. E. Johnston and one of his brigades had reached 
the field from the Valley of Virginia the morning of the 
20th. The Confederates faced north and were massing on 
their right to strike the Federal left flank. The Federals 
turned the Confederate left flank, David Hunter, District 
of Columbia, leading the flanking force with his division, 
which started the battle. He was severely wounded very 
early in the action. The Federals gained ground, but by 
noon Johnston's army was united with Beauregard's and 
the Federals were routed. John W. Barriger, Kentucky, 
was brave ; J. R. Hawley, North Carolina, showed good 
conduct. Barton S. Alexander, Kentucky ; W. A. Gor- 
man, Kentucky, and Guy V. Henry, Indian Territory, were 
engaged. M. C. Meigs, Georgia, was present. D. S. 
Miles, Maryland, commanded the reserve division at Cen- 
treville. John C. Tidball, Virginia, was engaged. 

Tompkins, Louisville Chief of the " Knights of the 
Golden Circle," a secret anti-Federal organization, was 
killed when just about to seize Louisville following the Bull 
Run rout. 

The Missouri State Convention met at Jefferson City 
July 22d. It deposed Gov. Jackson, vacated the seats of 
members of the General Assembly, and established a State 
Government antagonistic to the Confederates, using all its 
powers to crush them. The holding of Springfield by the 

41 



42 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

army enabled this. A proclamation was issued by the Fed- 
erals, promising not to molest any man who had taken up 
arms against the Federal Government, if he would return 
to his home and remain there quietly, which kept thousands 
of men out of the State Guard. 

John C. Tidball, Virginia, was engaged on the defenses 
of Washington July 23d, 1861, to March 10th, 1862. 

Fremont reached St. Louis July 25th and assumed com- 
mand. He declared martial law in Missouri. 

John Newton, Virginia, was Chief Engineer, Department 
of the Shenandoah, July 25th to August 26th. 

H. R. Gamble, Virginia, was elected provisional gov- 
ernor of Missouri by the Missouri Convention July 31st. 
One of his first important public acts was to obtain from 
President Lincoln authority to raise a special force of State 
militia, to be employed only in defense of the State, but to 
be paid, equipped and supplied by the United States. 

Fremont reenforced Cairo against a threatened Confed- 
erate attack. 

August 1st, 1861, the Federals at Springfield, Mo., 
learned that their antagonists were marching against them. 
They moved from Springfield, with some prospect of strik- 
ing the three Confederate columns in detail. 

At Dug Springs, Mo., August 2d McCulloch's advance 
force was struck and put to flight. The Federals returned 
to Springfield later, fearing for their communications. 
Confederates and State troops followed. 

A large majority of the Kentucky Legislature elected 
August 5th were against secession. The day after the 
election recruits began to arrive at Camp Dick Robinson. 
Volunteers flocked there from different parts of Kentucky, 
many from the mountains, and large numbers from east 
Tennessee. Gov. Magoffin wrote President Lincoln, de- 
claring the neutrality of Kentucky, and urging removal of 
the forces from the State. Lincoln refused, on the ground 
that the troops were Kentuckians and were not menacing 
their fellow citizens. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 43 

Nelson gave orders and sent men from Camp Dick Robin- 
son to Lexington which, with Lexington Home Guards, 
thwarted the purpose of the State Guards to seize their 
arms en route to Camp Dick Robinson. 

B. M. Prentiss, Virginia, occupied Cape Girardeau, Pilot 
Knob and Ironton to prevent them from falling into the 
hands of Hardee. 

The western Virginia Convention reassembled August 
6th. 

Battle of Wilson's Creek, Oak Hills or Springfield, Mo., 
August 10th. A portion, nearly all Missourians, of the 
Federal army marched to turn the right flank of the Con- 
federate army, the Confederates facing east, while the main 
body moved to turn the left flank the p. m. of August 9th, 
which was accomplished. The Confederate right also was 
successfully turned. Both Federal bodies attacked the 
Confederates. The Confederates formed a line opposing 
the attack from the north. Confederate troops east of 
the creek were moved to support both parts of the field. 
Confederates then attacked the body on their right flank, 
routing it. The main Federal body was repulsed and re- 
treated. R. H. Weightman, Maryland, was killed while 
commanding a brigade. The Confederates were superior 
in numbers. The Federal army retreated to Rolla, Mo., 
reaching there August 17th. The Federals lost 1,317 in 
the battle and the Confederates 1,230. 

Citizens of Maryland had formed an anti-secession 
party. It authorized a State convention for August 15th. 

August 15th Robert Anderson's command was extended 
to embrace Kentucky and Tennessee, under the title, " De- 
partment of the Cumberland." 

August 20th the Federal Virginia Convention passed an 
ordinance authorizing the creation of a new State in the 
western part of Virginia, provided the people thereof voted 
in favor of it. The ordinance provided for an election of 
delegates to meet at Wheeling Nov. 26th, 1861, to frame 
a constitution for the proposed State. 



44 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Campaigns by Water down the Atlantic Coast. Hat- 
teras Inlet, guarded on either side by Forts Hatteras and 
Clark, was the entrance to Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds, 
North Carolina, rivers flowing eastward from the center of 
the State into them. Cities and towns were situated along 
these rivers and sounds, and commerce with foreign coun- 
tries could be carried on through Hatteras Inlet. An ex- 
pedition against Forts Hatteras and Clark left Hampton 
Roads August 20th. The need of a naval station and con- 
venient harbor on the South Atlantic Coast led later to an 
expedition against Port Royal, S. C. 

Bombardment of Forts Hatteras and Clark, August 
28th-29th, 1861. They surrendered August 29th with 
670 men, 1,000 stand of arms and 35 cannon. Henry K. 
Davenport, Georgia, and John H. Upshur, Virginia, were 
engaged; E. O. Matthews, Maryland, and A. W. Weaver, 
District of Columbia, assisted in the capture of the Forts 
— all naval officers. 

John Guest, Missouri, in command of the boats of the 
Niagara, cut out the Confederate steamer Aid under the 
guns of Fort Morgan, Mobile Bay, in August, 1861. 

During August John Pope, Kentucky, with about 5,000 
men, was operating in northern Missouri. 

A. Pleasanton, District of Columbia, marched a regi- 
ment from Utah to Washington, September-October, 
1861. 

By September 1st there had gathered at Camp Dick 
Robinson, Ky., four Kentucky regiments and nearly 2,000 
east Tennesseans. 

Robert Anderson's headquarters were moved to Louis- 
ville September 1st. He requested Thomas' services in 
Kentucky. 

L. M. Goldsborough, District of Columbia, was in com- 
mand of the North Atlantic Squadron from September, 
1861, to September, 1862. 

Sterling Price, advancing on Lexington, Mo., arrived at 
Dry Wood, 12 miles east of Fort Scott, on the night of 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 45 

September 1st. Fremont ordered the troops at Jefferson 
City, some 10,000, to Lexington's relief. He also directed 
troops thither from northern Missouri. 

The next to highest officer of the Kentucky State Guard, 
brigadier general, was on the Federal side, Thos. L. Crit- 
tenden, Kentucky. S. B. Buckner, Confederate, was com- 
mander of the State Guard. Confederate General Polk's 
force entered Kentucky September 3d, headed for Colum- 
bus. The Legislature passed resolutions looking to its 
expulsion by Kentucky troops to be commanded by T. L. 
Crittenden. Fremont, having heard that General Pillow 
was marching upon Cairo, had reenforced it with 3,800 
men. Pillow abandoned the proposed attack. Fremont 
arranged for the equipment of troops and ordered a move 
on Paducah, which was occupied only six hours in advance 
of the Confederates' appearance. Vessels were instru- 
mental in the acquisition of Paducah. Confederate Gen- 
eral Zollicoffer entered Kentucky in the east at the same 
time with Polk's advance to Columbus, first occupying 
Cumberland Gap. Polk occupied Hickman and Chalk 
Bluffs, Ky., September 5th. The troops sent by Fremont 
landed at Paducah the 6th. Polk took possession of Co- 
lumbus the 7th. 

Engagement of Lucas' Bend, September 9th. R. N. 
Stembel, Maryland, naval officer, contributed largely to the 
Federal success. 

George H. Thomas, Virginia, was engaged in the De- 
partment of the Cumberland from September 6th, report- 
ing at Louisville that day. He was assigned to command 
at Camp Dick Robinson September 10th, relieving Nelson. 
Thomas was given general direction of the Home Guards 
in central Kentucky. He raised and equipped six regi- 
ments and organized the First Kentucky Brigade, which 
was the first brigade of the Army of the Ohio, or Cumber- 
land — the nucleus of that army. Nelson was soon as- 
signed to duty at Maysville, Ky., to organize a force to 
operate in eastern Kentucky. 



46 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

A rally of Kentucky Federal regiments took place, and 
during the autumn forty were filled and in the field. There 
were Home Guard companies in addition to these. The 
Kentucky Confederates flocked to Camp Boone in northern 
Tennessee. 

Henry Walke, Virginia, commanded the gunboat Taylor 
September 12th at Cairo. 

September 12th the Legislature of Kentucky formally 
allied the State with the Federals, and invoked the aid of 
the Federal Government. 

Combats of Cheat Mountain and Elk Water, September 
12th, 13th and 14th. The Federals were attacked. Un- 
der J. J. Reynolds, Kentucky, they held their position. 
Jacob Ammen, Virginia, was engaged. Reynolds' services 
in western Virginia were of merit. 

Siege of Lexington, Mo., September 12th to 20th, 1861. 

Henry Walke, Virginia, made a naval reconnoissance to 
Columbus, Ky., September 14th. 

John H. Russell, Maryland, boarded and destroyed the 
Judah the night of September 14th. She was being fitted 
out at the Pensacola navy yard as a privateer. She was 
protected by shore batteries and 9,000 men. In this boat 
excursion he was severely wounded and 20 of his 100 
sailors were killed or wounded. This is the most noted 
cutting-out that occurred during the War, and received 
special mention. 

Wm. Nelson was formally exchanged from the navy to 
the army September 16th. 

Just before September 17th many unfriendly members 
of the Maryland Legislature were arrested by the Federals. 

A second incursion into Kentucky was conducted by 
S. B. Buckner September 17th. The Confederates made 
their way up the Louisville & Nashville Railroad, and 
Louisville was threatened. Reliable information that 
Buckner meditated an advance on Louisville had reached 
Anderson. He had Louisville troops assembled, and L. H. 
Rousseau, Kentucky, was ordered to report in Louisville 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 47 

with all available troops, as Buckner neared Louisville. 
Rousseau brought 1,200 men from Camp Joe Holt. 
Louisville was defended by more than 3,000 Louisville 
soldiers. Anderson threw forward the force to Muldraugh 
Hill, where R. W. Johnson, Kentucky, reenforced them 
with additional companies of Home Guards and assumed 
command. Buckner's locomotive had been purposely de- 
railed, delaying him. He withdrew to Bowling Green and 
intrenched. In conjunction with Buckner's movement, 
Zollicoffer advanced, threatening Camp Dick Robinson, 
reaching Barboursville September 18th. Thomas made 
dispositions and Zollicoffer retired. 

Thomas was engaged in organizing Kentucky and Ten- 
nessee volunteers at Camp Dick Robinson from September 
18th to October 28th. By the end of the year 28 regi- 
ments of infantry and 6 of cavalry and 3 batteries had 
been organized. 

O. McK. Mitchel, Kentucky, was in command of the 
Department of the Ohio, September 19th to November 
15th. He constructed defenses at Cincinnati and organ- 
ized volunteers at Louisville. 

Thomas rendered abortive an attempt of secessionists to 
assemble at Lexington, Ky., September 20th, with a plan 
to seize the arms at Lexington and the Frankfort arsenal, 
compel the evacuation of Camp Dick Robinson, reach 
Louisville and gain the State. Thomas, by acting 
promptly, sending troops to Lexington, caused the concen- 
tration in progress to cease and the plan to be abandoned. 

Robert Anderson assumed command of the Department 
of Kentucky September 20th. 

Lexington, Mo., September 20th. The Federals were 
overcome and surrendered. Price took 3,000 prisoners, 5 
cannon and 3,000 stand of arms. The final attack came 
before the troops ordered there by Fremont had arrived. 
John P. C. Shanks, Virginia, was with Fremont September 
20th to November 19th. After the fall of Lexington, 
Fremont moved against Price, who retreated south. 



48 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Gov. Jackson called the Legislature together at Neosho, 
Mo. 

Fremont obtained guns from the Government at Wash- 
ington the latter part of 1861. 

John Newton, Virginia, was assistant engineer in the 
construction of the defenses of Washington September 
23d, 1861, to March 10th, 1862, also commanding a bri- 
gade there. 

September 25th the Kentucky Legislature passed a bill 
providing for the enlistment of 40,000 volunteers, to serve 
from one to three years. 

Fremont left St. Louis September 27th and took the 
field. Concentrating from various quarters toward Se- 
dalia, his Army of the West was formed in five divisions. 
D. Hunter, District of Columbia, commanded the 1st di- 
vision, and John Pope, Kentucky, the 2d. Fifty thousand 
men were under Fremont's direction. Before this formi- 
dable advance, and with Fremont moving divisions to inter- 
cept his retreat, Price retired, eluding him, and Fremont 
followed to southwest Missouri. 

Action of Greenbrier River, western Virginia, October 
3d. J. J. Reynolds, Kentucky, attacked the Confederates, 
who held their position. Jacob Ammen, Virginia, was en- 
gaged. 

Thomas had established Camp Wildcat in eastern Ken- 
tucky, to check the advance of Confederates through 
Cumberland Gap. ZollicofFer, in October, moved as far 
into Kentucky as London, near where he attacked the Fed- 
erals at Camp Wildcat October 4th, and, after serious loss, 
retired. Kentucky infantry there were under T. T. Gar- 
rard, Kentucky, and S. P. Carter showed merit. 

Anderson's health failing, he was relieved October 7th. 

Action at Ivy Creek, October 8th. Nelson defeated the 
Confederates, who retreated through Pound Gap into Vir- 
ginia. 

A. D. Harrell, Virginia, naval officer, informed that a 
large schooner was lying in Quantico Creek, and that a body 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 49 

of troops had assembled there to cross the Potomac into 
Maryland, boarded and burnt her, October 11th. 

The first iron-clad was launched at Carondelet, Mo., 
October 12th; six others followed in the next twenty days. 
The Benton was a wrecking boat bought by Fremont and 
converted into a strong iron-clad. 

Some Kentucky regiments were engaged in an action at 
Upton Hill, Ky., October 12th. 

A North Carolina Federal movement, soon after sup- 
pressed, was begun by a convention in Hyde county, which 
declared independence of the State government October 
12th. A convention was called. 

J. B. S. Todd, Kentucky, was in command of the North 
Missouri District from October 15th to December 1st, 
1861. Thos. J. Wood, Kentucky, was in command of a 
brigade at Camp Nevin, Kentucky, October 16th to De- 
cember 24th. 

Action at Rock Castle Hills, October 21st. Troops 
sent by Thomas were attacked by Confederates, who were 
repulsed in the morning and again in the afternoon. 

Action at West Liberty, Ky., October 23d. Some Ken- 
tucky regiments were engaged. 

Fremont, October 24th, sent forward a small force, 
which struck a Confederate force next day guarding 
Springfield, and charged into Springfield. Fremont's 
bodyguard was part of the force. Prisoners were freed. 

The Confederates lost there October 26th, and Fremont 
occupied Springfield October 27th. J. McA. Palmer, Ken- 
tucky, and Wm. Vandever, Maryland, accompanied Fre- 
mont in the Springfield campaign. 

A minority of the whole membership of the Missouri 
Legislature passed an ordinance of secession at Neosho 
October 28th. Delegates to the Confederate Congress 
were elected. 

The combined army and navy expedition against Port 
Royal, S. C. — 50 vessels and 15,000 men — sailed from 
Fortress Monroe October 29th. 



50 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

In an action at Woodbury, Ky., late in October, S. G. 
Burbridge, Kentucky, defeated the Confederates. Fed- 
eral Kentucky regiments were engaged. 

Some Federal Kentucky regiments were engaged at Cave 
City, Morgantown and Rochester in October. 

Engagements with Confederate batteries near Budd's 
Ferry, November and December, 1861. G. W. Getty, Dis- 
trict of Columbia, was in command of the Federal artillery. 

E. O. C. Ord, Maryland, was in command of the brigade 
forming the extreme right before Washington, November, 
1861, to May 2d, 1862. 

November 1st Winfield Scott's resignation took effect. 

November 2d Fremont received an order relieving him 
from command of the Department of the West. He was 
on the eve of moving south from Tipton. D. Hunter, Dis- 
trict of Columbia, succeeded him. Price had retired to 
the extreme southwest part of Missouri. 

November 3d occurred a rising of Union men in east 
Tennessee, who destroyed railroad bridges. 

John Rodgers, Maryland, made a reconnoissance in force 
of Port Royal harbor November 5th. 

Combat of Belmont, Mo., November 7th. Fremont had 
arranged for a demonstration upon Columbus, Ky. The 
gunboats Tyler and Lexington escorted the transports con- 
taining two brigades of 3,100 men. J. A. McClernand, 
Kentucky, commanded one brigade. Henry Walke, Vir- 
ginia, was in naval command, on the Tyler, and R. N. 
Stembel, Maryland, commanded the Lexington. The Con- 
federates were driven to the river bank, and their camp 
was captured. The gunboats engaged the batteries across 
the river at Columbus, Ky., as a diversion. The Confed- 
erates on the Missouri side were reenforced from Columbus, 
and the Federals made their way back to the gunboats. 
Officers of the gunboats were informed by McClernand of 
the approach of the Confederates, who pursued the troops 
to the landing and opened on the transports filling with 
soldiers. The fire of the gunboats caused the Confederates 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 51 

to withdraw. The regiment of Napoleon B. Buford, Ken- 
tucky, became separated and made its way north by a road 
back from the river. They were taken aboard a trans- 
port. The gunboats had covered the retreat of the 
troops, protected them, prevented the Confederates from 
cutting off a portion on retreat, and took the troops away. 
J. G. Lauman, Maryland, was severely wounded in the 
battle. 

Port Royal, S. C, November 7th. Bombardment and 
capture of Fort Walker on Hilton Head and Fort Beaure- 
gard. Naval and military expedition. Chas. Steedman, 
South Carolina, in the Bienville, commanded the flanking 
division, and so led the second column in the attack and 
capture. Fort Walker was reduced and Fort Beauregard 
was abandoned. John Rodgers, Maryland, served as aide 
to the flag officer, performing many useful services, and 
hoisted the United States flag over Fort Walker. The 
Pocahontas, commanded by Percival Drayton, South Caro- 
lina, damaged the Fort greatly. Thos. G. Corbin, Vir- 
ginia, commanded the Wabash and fought skillfully. 
John P. Bankhead, South Carolina, commanded the Pem- 
bina. John H. Upshur, Virginia, and A. W. Weaver, 
District of Columbia, naval officers, and Robert Williams, 
Virginia, army officer, were engaged. Fifty-two pieces of 
ordnance were taken. Port Royal was an important har- 
bor and valuable for a coaling station. 

Other forts on the contiguous coast were abandoned in 
consequence of the victory at Port Royal. Rodgers and 
Drayton, following the battle, made expeditions along the 
coast. Drayton went in St. Helena Sound. 

November 7th J. E. Jouett, Kentucky, with two launches, 
captured and burned the schooner Royal Yacht, carrying 
one 32-pounder, at Galveston. He commanded a detach- 
ment of sailors and marines from the Santee. He had a 
hand-to-hand conflict with the commander of the Royal 
Yacht, and received two severe wounds in the right arm 
and right side and lung from a pike. 



52 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

November 8th, the British vessel Trent having been 
stopped, Confederate Commissioners Mason and Slidell were 
taken off by D. McN. Fairfax, Virginia, who tried to do 
it in the least exasperating manner. He first went on the 
Trent alone. Mason was recognized and the crew from 
the boat which had brought Fairfax was then ordered 
aboard. 

November 8th Confederate Colonel Williams' force, 
pressed by Nelson, retired through Pound Gap. 

The Army of the West, under Hunter, began to fall 
back from Springfield November 8th. Hunter's command 
of the Department of the West terminated the next day. 

The Department of New Mexico was reestablished No- 
vember 9th, and E. R. S. Canby, Kentucky, was placed 
in command thereof. He had earthworks thrown up at 
Fort Craig, and had Fort Union converted into a field- 
work, with bomb-proof quarters. J. C. McFerran, Ken- 
tucky, built the depot and post at Fort Union 1861—62. 

November 12th President Lincoln ordered that a naval 
expedition should be fitted out for the capture of New 
Orleans. 

November 15th Mitchel relinquished command of the 
Department of Ohio, embracing Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, 
Kentucky east of the Cumberland River and Tennessee. 

November 16th McCulloch, learning of the retirement 
of the Army of the West to the railroad termini, Rolla and 
Sedalia, started against it. Finding it had too much start, 
he returned to northwestern Arkansas. Price, receiving 
the information about the same time as McCulloch, marched 
November 16th toward Newtonia and then on to Osceola. 

November 18th the North Carolina Federal Convention 
elected a provisional governor, after declaring vacant all 
State offices. A Kentucky secession Convention met the 
same day. 

O. McK. Mitchel, Kentucky, was assigned to the 
command of Camp Jenkins, near Louisville, November 
19th. . 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 58 

David Hunter, District of Columbia, commanded the 
Department of Kansas from November 20th, 1861, to 
March 11th, 1862. 

Fort McRae, November 22d. J. C. P. DeKrafft, Dis- 
trict of Columbia, naval officer, fought this Fort. 

November 24th John Rodgers took possession of Tybee 
Island. 

November 26th the Wheeling Convention met to frame 
a constitution for the proposed State of West Virginia. 
The people of the counties named in the ordinance author- 
izing the erection of the new State who voted nearly all 
voted in favor of its creation. 

November 29th Thomas was placed in command of all 
troops in the eastern half of Kentucky (from New Haven). 
From November 30th he ranked as Commander of the first 
division, Army of the Ohio, afterward renamed " Army of 
the Cumberland." 

November 30th the Kentucky secessionist Convention 
passed an ordinance of secession. 

Some Kentucky regiments fought at Ivy Mountain, 
Brownsville and Somerset in November. 

December 1st the Federal Virginia Legislature met at 
Wheeling. 

December 3d, Mitchel, Kentucky, was given command 
of the 3d division; Wm. Nelson, Kentucky, of the 4th 
division, and T. L. Crittenden of the 5th division, Army 
of the Ohio. A large portion of Mitchel's division had 
seen service in western Virginia and under Nelson in eastern 
Kentucky. Thomas assumed command of the first divi- 
sion on the 6th. 

December 10th the Confederate Congress admitted Ken- 
tucky into the Confederacy. 

At Seabrook and Port Royal Ferry December 11th J. P. 
Bankhead, South Carolina, commanding the Pembina, was 
engaged. Federals got the works. 

Gabriel R. Paul, Missouri, was in command of Fort 
Union, N. M., December 13th, 1861, to March, 1862. 



54 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Percival Drayton, South Carolina, was sent on a recon- 
noissance of the North Edisto River, December 16th, 
1861. 

Actions of Shawnee Mound and Milford, Blackwater 
stream, Missouri, Dec. 18th. Pope surrounded and forced 
the surrender of 1,300 men. Pope's operations led to the 
retirement of Price from the Osage River toward Spring- 
field. He captured a large supply of provisions from the 
Confederate stock. 

Action of Dranesville, Virginia, December 20th. E. 0. 
C. Ord, Maryland, in command of the troops engaged, 
repulsed J. E. B. Stuart by bravery and merit. 

B. M. Prentiss, Virginia, commanding the District of 
Northern Missouri, was ordered to commence a vigorous 
campaign. He left Palmyra, Mo., December 24th. 

George B. Balch, Tennessee, naval officer, volunteered 
for command of the boats in taking possession of Tybee 
Island, December 26th. 

Jas. L. Donaldson, Maryland, commanded the District 
of Santa Fe, December 26th, 1861, to March 9th, 1862. 

Combat of Mt. Zion Church, near Hallsville, Mo., De- 
cember 28th. Prentiss attacked the Confederates and 
drove them from the field after a hard struggle. The 
result of Prentiss' operations was a dispersal of Confed- 
erates north of the Missouri River in Missouri. 

Sacramento, Ky., December 28th. Some Federal Ken- 
tucky regiments fought here. Some Federal Kentucky 
regiments fought at Bacon Creek and Rowletts in De- 
cember. 

By the close of the year the navy held the important 
approaches to the southern States by water from Cape 
Hatteras to Florida, with the exception of Charleston, 
Savannah and Wilmington. 

John Pope, Kentucky, was in command of the District of 
Central Missouri, December, 1861, to February 18th, 1862. 
He organized rapidly an army of about 12,000 men. 

J. J. Reynolds, Kentucky, was engaged in organizing 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 55 

Indiana volunteers from January, 1862, to November, 
1862. 

W. R. Terrill, Virginia, was chief of artillery of the 
2d division, Army of the Ohio, in the campaigns from Jan- 
uary to June, 1862. 

Seabrook, and Port Royal Ferry, January 1st, 1862. 
Bankhead was engaged. 

Combat of Middle Creek, opposite Prestonburg, Ky., 
January 10th, 1862. The majority of the troops were 
southern. Some Kentucky regiments were engaged. D. 
W. Lindsey, Kentucky, was engaged. The Confederates, 
under Marshall, retreated precipitately. 

While the Federals had taken Hatteras Inlet, the Con- 
federates had fortified Roanoke Island, commanding the 
channel between Hatteras Inlet and Albemarle Sound. L. 
M. Goldsborough, District of Columbia, commanding the 
North Atlantic Squadron, planned and executed an army 
and navy expedition thereto sailing from Fortress Monroe 
January 11th and arriving January 13th, 1862. 

T. J. Wood, Kentucky, was placed in command of the 
6th division, Army of the Ohio, January 15th, 1862. He 
displayed great energy in organizing it. 

The Nashville Campaign. The Confederates occupied 
a line in southern Kentucky, with the east around Somer- 
set; the center about Bowling Green, and the west at Co- 
lumbus. The Cumberland and Tennessee rivers extend 
southeast from the Ohio River not far from its mouth, 
and the Federal fleet gave the Federals possession of all 
three rivers so that they could intervene between the Con- 
federate center and west. The Confederates had blocked 
the way at the Tennessee line on both rivers with forts. 
This protected Nashville, on the Cumberland, the Capital 
of Tennessee. 

Combat of Mill Springs, Logan's Cross Roads, or 
Somerset, Ky., January 19th and 20th, 1862. This was 
the first army conflict won by the Federals. It improved 



56 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

the morale of the Federal armies. In January, 1862, Zol- 
licoffer, Confederate, began to move further into Kentucky. 
George H. Thomas, Virginia, marched from Lebanon, Ky., 
against him. He advanced to attack the Confederate left 
with his main force while another body should attack the 
Confederates in front. Crittenden, Confederate, moved 
Zollicoffer against Thomas, hoping to defeat him while his 
forces were separated. Thomas had placed detachments 
of cavalry and infantry to the front to guard against sur- 
prise. Upon the advance of the Confederates S. S. Fry, 
Kentucky, formed his men and led them at double-quick in 
the direction of firing upon an infantry regiment and 
cavalry. He took position along a fence in the edge of 
the woods. An open field was in his front, crossed by a 
ravine parallel to his front. He was attacked hard. Zol- 
licoffer mistook a Federal regiment of Kentuckians for 
Confederates. Fry and others shot at Zollicoffer, who fell 
dead. Confederates were getting on the right flank of the 
4th Kentucky infantry when Thomas appeared. He hur- 
ried troops to the exposed flank. He placed men to cover 
Fry's exposed and overlapped right flank. He met Crit- 
tenden's advance with dispositions which told. An ad- 
vance of the 12th Kentucky regiment and movement of 
east Tennesseans under Saml. P. Carter, Tennessee, checked 
the Confederate right, and it soon began to give back. 
The Confederate left flank was turned, a bayonet charge 
against the Confederate left was successful, and the whole 
line broke and retreated. Thomas exposed himself during 
the battle. The 1st, 4th and 12th Kentucky, 2d east 
Tennessee, and four northern regiments were the ones en- 
gaged in the combat. As the pursuit began, J. M. Har- 
lan, Kentucky, with the 10th Kentucky, reached the field. 
The Confederates lost at the river twelve guns, where they 
were cannonaded till dark. During the night they re- 
treated across the river. Much property was captured. 
The Confederates lost 392 men. About 4,000 men on each 
side were engaged at Mill Springs. A. C. Gillem, Ten- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 57 

nessee, and Durbin Ward, Kentucky, were among those en- 
gaged. This was the only positive victory won by the 
Federals in Kentucky during the War. It forced back the 
Confederate line thereabouts and exposed Cumberland Gap. 

For the New Orleans expedition, David G. Farragut, 
Tennessee, sailed January 20th. 

Little Tybee River near Savannah, Ga., January 26th. 
John Rodgers, Maryland, opened fire on five Confederate 
vessels, which were driven back. 

Some Federal Kentucky regiments fought at Paintsville 
and Pound Gap in January. 

A. C. Gillem, Tennessee, was in command of siege ar- 
tillery and Chief Quartermaster, Army of the Ohio, Feb- 
ruary to June, 1862. 

The fort on the Tennessee River near the Tennessee- 
Kentucky boundary line was Fort Henry. The location 
was vulnerable from the water. Possession of Fort 
Henry would enable the Federals to invest Fort Donelson 
on the land side. Fort Donelson was the Cumberland 
River defense, a few miles from Fort Henry. The fall of 
Fort Donelson would open the Cumberland for the fleet to 
proceed up to Nashville, and dictate the retirement of the 
Confederate army from Bowling Green through Nashville, 
giving up Nashville. 

Navy and army advance on Fort Henry from Cairo, 
111., February 2d. Seven gunboats with transports con- 
taining 17,000 soldiers started. Upon this movement 
against Fort Henry, A. S. Johnston retired toward Nash- 
ville. 

Bombardment and capture of Fort Henry, Tenn., Feb- 
ruary 6th, 1862. J. A. McClernand, Kentucky, assisted 
in planning the expedition. Of the four iron-clads there 
Henry Walke, Virginia, commanded the Carondelet, and 
R. N. Stembel, Maryland, the flag-ship, Cincinnati, which 
fired the first shot. W. D. Porter, Louisiana, had trans- 
formed the Essex into a gunboat, with the same name. He 
rendered efficient aid in the battle. The Essex was the 



58 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

target of the Confederates, but dismounted five of their 
guns. The boiler of the Essex was struck, and Porter was 
severely scalded. McClernand moved to surround the fort, 
causing the troops to leave it to escape. The vessels re- 
duced the fort. Stembel received its surrender. Walke 
took charge of the fort, and held it until the troops ar- 
rived. 

Vessels went on up the Tennessee River to Florence, 
Ala., before the 13th. They captured a steamer which 
was afterward converted into a gunboat and ram, seized two 
more steamers and burnt six. 

Roanoke Island, February 7th. In this expedition 
there were perils by land and water. The fleet brought 
17,000 troops. L. M. Goldsborough, District of Colum- 
bia, commanding the naval forces, bombarded on the 7th. 
The Confederate fleet of seven vessels was also engaged. 
The Confederates lost the Curfew. The other Confed- 
erate vessels, short of ammunition, left that night. A lit- 
tle after 4 p. m. Federal troops began to land south of 
Fort Bartow to attack, one of the brigades being J. L. 
Reno's. Goldsborough landed troops. 

Roanoke Island, February 8th. The navy protected the 
landing of troops. Jesse L. Reno, Virginia, led the left. 
He penetrated a difficult morass and succeeded in deliv- 
ering his fire from an unexpected direction upon Confed- 
erates inside their work. He gained the right flank, the 
other flank was turned, the attack was continued along the 
front, and the work was carried by a simultaneous assault. 
The fleet reduced forts. The Confederates were pursued 
by Reno's and another brigade, and surrendered near the 
northern end of the Island. The fleet passed obstructions. 

The Federals marched against Price at Springfield Feb- 
ruary 9th. 

The capture of the forts and Roanoke Island was fol- 
lowed up February 10th. In the engagements at Roanoke 
Island Henry K. Davenport, Georgia, commanded the 
steamer Hetzel and five gunboats, composing one of the 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 59 

three naval divisions. C. W. Flusser, Maryland, com- 
manded the Commodore Perry. 2,650 prisoners and five 
forts were taken. The capture of Roanoke Island ex- 
posed Norfolk and Portsmouth to attack from the rear. 

Cobb's Point or Elizabeth City, N. C, February 10th. 
Goldsborough's vessels followed the Confederate fleet into 
the Pasquotank River, engaged it and captured or de- 
stroyed five out of the six vessels. Flusser sunk the Con- 
federate flag-ship Seabird. H. K. Davenport was en- 
gaged. The vessels went up to Elizabeth City and took 
possession of it. 

Troops took possession of Fort Henry, February 10th. 
The men under Richard J. Oglesby, Kentucky, were the 
first to enter. I. N. Haynie, Tennessee, was present. 

The army marched from Fort Henry against the rear 
of Fort Donelson, and vessels moved down the Tennessee 
River, and, later, up the Cumberland. The Carondelet, 
under Henry Walke, Virginia, preceded the others and 
fired a few shells into the Fort February 12th. 

Fort Donelson, February 13th. Walke, commanding 
the Carondelet, took position and threw shells into the 
Fort as a diversion for the army, moving to invest it. He 
engaged the water batteries. J. A. McClernand, Ken- 
tucky, made an unsuccessful assault on the outworks with 
three regiments. 

Federals entered Springfield, Mo., February 13th. 
Price retreated, with Federals harassing his rear. 

Naval battle against Fort Donelson, February 14th. On 
the a. m. of the 14th the investment of Fort Donelson had 
been completed. The Carondelet for two days had main- 
tained a fire beyond the Confederate range. On the 14th, 
the other vessels having arrived, the fleet attacked the Fort. 
Walke held his position in the front line of battle. The 
fire was sometimes concentrated on the Carondelet. Two 
of the four vessels were struck so as to render them un- 
manageable and cause them to float down the river. The 
other two covered them and the battle ended. The Caron- 



60 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

delet was the first in and the last out, and was badly 
damaged, many shots striking her. 

Bowling Green, Ky., was abandoned by Confederates, 
February 14th. O. M. Mitchel, Kentucky, hurried the 
retirement of A. S. Johnston's rear-guard from Bowling 
Green. 

Battle of Fort Donelson, February 15th. The Con- 
federates attacked McClernand's division, comprising the 
right wing, early. McClernand fought the defensive battle 
of the army this day. R. J. Oglesby, Kentucky, on Mc- 
Clernand's extreme right, was first to receive the Confeder- 
ate attack. He was fairly formed to receive it, despite 
the sudden assault. He held his ground then, but later 
was forced to retreat. The right was doubled on the cen- 
ter. The center and right were forced around behind the 
left. A brigade of T. L. Crittenden's division, sent from 
the Army of the Ohio, maintained its position after all the 
troops on its right and left had fallen back. It was then 
ordered to withdraw and occupy the slope of a hill to the 
rear. It twice repulsed its antagonists there in heavy 
fighting, then was forced back to a new line. The Con- 
federates advanced until they came within the range of 
the gunboats below the Fort. McClernand sustained the 
battle from early a. m. until 3 p. m., by his own conceptions. 
The Confederates moved to hold again their position within 
the fortifications, but before the movement was com- 
pleted the Federal attack fell on a favorable place on the 
Confederate right. J. G. Lauman, Maryland, took the 
breastworks by storm, encountering an abatis on the way. 
He was one of the first to enter. The lodgment resulted 
in the surrender of the Fort and over 10,000 men the 
next morning. Richard J. Oglesby, Kentucky, fought 
bravely and J. M. Shackelford, Kentucky, A. L. Chetlain, 
Missouri, M. F. Force, District of Columbia and I. N. 
Haynie, Tennessee, were engaged. D. Hunter, District of 
Columbia, commanding the Department of Kansas, con- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 61 

tributed to the fall of Fort Donelson by sending reinforce- 
ments promptly. Nelson, with the 4th division of the 
Army of the Ohio, had been embarked to aid in the fight 
at Fort Donelson, but did not reach there in time for the 
battle. The river being opened, gunboats moved up to 
Nashville, accompanied with an army force, and took 
position. 

In an action at Sugar Creek, Ark., February 17th, the 
Confederates were worsted. 

Federal cavalry occupied Bentonville, Ark., February 
18th. Mcintosh and Price were united. Federals, instead 
of a front attack, moved from Sugar Creek to Osage 
Springs — a flank movement which caused the evacuation 
of the Confederates' strong position at Cross Hollows. 

Valverde, Fort Craig, N. M., February 21st. Con- 
federates had invaded New Mexico. E. R. S. Canby, Ken- 
tucky, was in command of the Department of New Mexico. 
Part of his troops were southern — some from New Mexico. 
The Confederates took a battery on the Federal left and 
won the field, but Canby fought with merit. Jas. L. 
Donaldson, Maryland, was engaged, saving trains indis- 
pensable to the security of New Mexico. 

Federals occupied Fayetteville, Ark., February 23rd, 
1862. The Confederates retreated into the Boston Moun- 
tains. 

Federals reached Nashville February 23rd. 

February 24th Thos. T. Craven, District of Columbia, 
commanding the Brooklyn, captured the steamer Mag- 
nolia, a blockade runner. 

O. McK. Mitchel, 3d division, with engines and cars 
captured at Bowling Green upon A. S. Johnston's with- 
drawal south, reached Edgefield, across the river from 
Nashville, February 24th. Nelson, with the 4th division, 
reached Nashville by water 25th. Nashville surrendered 
26th. 

Farragut sailed from Fortress Monroe February 25th, 



62 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

against New Orleans, his fleet convoying an army. The 
rendezvous was Key West. He assumed command of the 
West Gulf Blockading Squadron. 

T. J. Wood, Kentucky, was in command of the 6th 
division, Army of the Ohio, in the Tennessee and Missis- 
sippi campaign, February 25th to June 26th. 

Gabriel R. Paul, Missouri, was in command of the 
Southern Military District of New Mexico, March to Sep- 
tember, 1862. 

Thomas' division had been sent to Louisville. There 
it took boats for Nashville, debarking there March 2d to 
4th. The 2d division, Army of the Ohio, reached Nash- 
ville March 3d. 

Capture of Fort Clinch and Fernandina, Fla., March 
2d. Percival Drayton, South Carolina, pushed through 
the Sound and entered the harbor, and took possession of 
Fort Clinch, the first United States fort retaken. Bruns- 
wick, Ga., and its harbor, were taken the same day. John 
R. Goldsborough, District of Columbia, and J. P. Bank- 
head, South Carolina, were engaged. 

Campaign to open the Mississippi River from the mouth 
of the Ohio to Vicksburg, army and navy cooperating. 
John Pope, Kentucky, was in command of the Army of the 
Mississippi. The Confederate army retreated south from 
Nashville, exposing Polk's forces at Columbus, Ky., to 
capture. Upon Pope's advance, he evacuated Columbus 
March 3d. Pope appeared before New Madrid March 
3d, investing it. He was south of Columbus, and, by 
crossing the Mississippi River, would have been in Polk's 
rear. 

Andrew Johnson, North Carolina, was appointed mili- 
tary governor of Tennessee, with the rank of brigadier 
general, his term beginning at Nashville, March 4th. As 
such he raised 25 regiments for service in Tennessee. 

The a. m. of March 4th the Confederate army marched 
against the Federal army in northwestern Arkansas, hop- 
ing to cut off at Bentonville two divisions south of there. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 63 

It arrived at Fayetteville with Price in advance. Arkan- 
sas citizens rode to the Federal camp at Cross Hollows and 
informed the Federal commands of the approach of the 
Confederate army. 

Wm. Vandever, Maryland, reached Huntsville, Ark., 
March 5th, and learned of the Confederate advance and of 
Van Dorn's arrival and assumption of command. 

T. J. Wood's division reached Nashville March 6th. 

Battle of Pea Ridge, or Elkhorn Tavern, Ark., March 
6th to 8th, 1862. March 6th the Federals took position 
at Sugar Creek, facing south. Strenuous efforts were 
made to bring together the scattered commands. On the 
march the rear-guard was struck at Bentonville, and the 
troops, mostly Missourians, extricated themselves with dif- 
ficulty, fighting all along the way until reinforcements 
from Sugar Creek met them. Vandever's command from 
Huntsville, having made a forced march of forty miles, 
arrived at nightfall. Van Dorn's army came near the 
Federal line at Sugar Creek that day. He moved at 8 
p. m., and marched around to the rear of the Federal army 
during the night. 

Pea Ridge, March 7th. The Confederate line of battle 
faced south in the rear of the Federal position. The 
Federals, apprised, changed front. The Confederates had 
hoped to get in position by day, but felled trees obstructed 
their march. In the early fighting, Vandever's brigade 
was ordered up as a reenforcement on the Federal right. 
He marched from near Sugar Creek to Elkhorn Tavern, 
about a mile and a half, quickly, and formed. Soon his 
whole line became hotly engaged. Price, from the north, 
was fighting the Federal right, while McCulloch, under Van 
Dorn, was fighting the Federal left from the west. Van- 
dever was on the center and left of the part resisting Price. 
After successful battery work Price's men moved forward 
spiritedly. When within easy range, Vandever poured a 
destructive fire into their ranks. They recoiled and fell 
back. Vandever immediately advanced his brigade, driv- 



64 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

ing the Confederates until they fell back on their reserves. 
He then retired to his former position. 

After 2 p. m. the Confederates advanced against the left 
wing there under Vandever. Vandever ordered forward his 
infantry, and a fierce conflict ensued. The Confederate 
advance was finally stopped, and they were followed by 
Vandever to the protection of their batteries, when he re- 
tired and formed his line just in front of Elkhorn Tavern, 
leaving the Confederates in possession of the former Fed- 
eral position. Another attack was made with additional 
troops against the left there under Vandever, but the 
Federals were not dislodged from their position in the edge 
of the wood. Price had forced his opponents back a 
quarter of a mile. David Shunk, Maryland, reenforced 
them. 

Between three and four p. m. Price renewed the battle 
with a heavy fire, which was the signal for a general ad- 
vance of his force. The battle raged with fury. A great 
artillery fire was concentrated against the Federal position 
about Elkhorn Tavern, after a flanking movement to the 
Federal right. The Confederate infantry advanced to 
the assault in heavy masses. A gap had been left near 
Vandever, and, before he could close it, the Confederates 
were upon him. In a desperate struggle, Vandever's bri- 
gade was forced by numbers to retreat. It rallied behind 
a rail fence in the edge of the timber. Other troops gave 
way. Price again forced the right back. It had now been 
pressed back a mile. Reinforcements were brought up 
late in the evening from the Federal left wing, and arrived 
where Vandever's men were retiring from their last stand 
hard pressed, which stayed Price's victorious advance. 
Price was afterward pushed back. Vandever this day had 
withstood repeated onslaughts with great tenacity, yielding 
only step by step, when exhausted by losses and without 
ammunition. 

Van Dorn and McCulloch at first had the advantage on 
the Federal left. It was hard pressed by McCulloch's 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 65 

corps until about 4 p. m. McCulloch and Mcintosh were 
killed. The Confederates yielded there and disappeared 
from the front, and it was therefore possible to reenforce 
the right, losing against Price. By night McCulloch's 
troops had been rallied and bivouacked north of the battle- 
field. They marched at 1 :30 a. m. to join Price and took 
position on his right. During the night the Federal army 
was placed in a new line a little farther back. 

Pea Ridge, March 8th. The Federal army was united. 
Vandever's brigade was soon obliged to change position to 
avoid a raking fire from Confederate batteries. After the 
batteries had been silenced, a general advance was ordered. 
The Confederates were driven from the heights of Pea 
Ridge on their right. The 12th Missouri regiment charged 
and captured three guns. Cavalry turned the right flank 
of the Confederate army. Before a general advance of 
the center and right, the Confederates were forced back. 
They formed successive new lines, but lost the day. Di- 
viding, some retreated south on the Huntsville road, while 
others retreated north, and some southwest. Those re- 
treating north turned later into a road running east, and 
by it were enabled to turn south and join Van Dorn, who 
marched from Huntsville to Van Buren. 

500 Confederates were captured. The Federal army 
was composed largely of Missourians. Vandever's efforts 
contributed largely to the victory. He aided in the defeat 
of the Confederates on the 8th. Wm. P. Benton, Mary- 
land, was conspicuous. F. W. Benteen, Virginia, did good 
service. Jas. A. Williamson, Kentucky, was engaged. 

Attack of Virginia on Wooden Fleet in Hampton Roads, 
March 8th. The Virginia had been converted into an iron- 
clad from the Merrimac, a United States vessel which the 
Federals had sunk when they evacuated Norfolk, and the 
Confederates had raised and which was the first heavy iron- 
clad that ever fought. The Virginia steamed down the 
Elizabeth River at noon. She rammed and sunk the Cum- 
berland. The Congress grounded, and, after fighting, 



66 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

capitulated. Austin Pendergrast, Kentucky, in command 
of the Congress the last of the action, swam ashore. Wm. 
Smith, Kentucky, was on the Congress. The fight was off 
Newport News. The St. Lawrence, commanded by Hugh 
Y. Purviance, Maryland, and the Roanoke, coming from 
near Fortress Monroe, grounded. They got off and sailed 
back. The Minnesota grounded about half-way between 
Fortress Monroe and Newport News. The Congress was 
set afire with hot shot, shore batteries preventing the Con- 
federates from taking possession. The Virginia returned 
to Sewell's Point, ebb tide and approaching night prevent- 
ing an attempt of the middle channel to attack the Minne- 
sota. The Virginia's ram was left in the side of the 
Cumberland. 

Battle between the Virginia and the Monitor, March 9th. 
The Virginia came out at 6 a. m., fought the Monitor and 
damaged the Minnesota. The Monitor got in shoal water. 
S. Dana Greene, Maryland, executive officer of the Mon- 
itor, had charge of the guns in the turret and fired every 
shot while he was in the turret, which was till near the 
close of the action. Soon after noon Greene assumed com- 
mand of the vessel, and had a few shots fired at the Virginia, 
when withdrawing. 

The Confederate army in northern Virginia fell back to- 
ward the Rappahannock River March 9th. The Confed- 
erates had maintained a blockade of the Potomac River up 
to this time. 

March 10th Confederates occupied Santa Fe, N. M. 

March 11th Fremont was assigned to command of the 
Mountain Department, including western Virginia, eastern 
Kentucky and east Tennessee as far as Knoxville. 

The Federals took St. Augustine. Fla., March 11th and 
Jacksonville 12th. 

New Madrid, Point Pleasant, Mo., March 13th. The 
Confederates left New Madrid March 14th and Pope occu- 
pied it. He directed an investigation for means to convey 
transports from above to New Madrid, so that, after 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 67 

marching his army south on the west side of the Missis- 
sippi River to a point below Island No. 10, the transports 
could ferry it across to the east side, when he would have 
the Confederates at Island No. 10 in a cul de sac. Island 
No. 10 is at the bottom of a bend in the river. To avoid 
exposing the transports to the batteries on it, a canal was 
cut across the neck of the bend with the navy's assistance, 
and the transports from the north reached New Madrid 
through it without having to pass Island No. 10. J. McA. 
Palmer, Kentucky, commanding a division, and Albert M. 
Powell, Maryland, were engaged at New Madrid. 

March 13th it was decided for the Army of the Potomac 
to advance from Fortress Monroe as a base against Rich- 
mond. R. E. Lee was charged that day with the conduct 
of all military operations of the Confederate army, under 
direction of President Davis. 

The possession by the Federal vessels of the Tennessee 
River to and below the southern boundary of Tennessee 
cleaved west Tennessee as against the Confederates and ex- 
posed Tennessee and that part of Alabama north of the 
Tennessee River to the Federal operations, constraining 
the Confederates to retire their line south of the Tennessee 
River in northern Mississippi and Alabama along the 
Memphis and Charleston Railroad, with Corinth as a stra- 
tegic point. Decatur, where the railroad crossed the Ten- 
nessee, is midway between Corinth and Chattanooga, the 
railroad running north of the river from Decatur to 
Bridgeport, not far from Chattanooga. The Army of the 
Tennessee was moved to Savannah and Pittsburg Landing 
on the Tennessee River close to the southern border of 
Tennessee. The Army of the Ohio was started from Nash- 
ville in occupation of central Tennessee and to unite with 
the Army of the Tennessee around Savannah, where the 
combined army would be in position to move on Corinth, 
or, with the Army of the Mississippi, to surround and 
capture the Confederate forces from Island No. 10 to 
Memphis. O. McK. Mitchel's division was detached. He 



68 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

left Nashville about the middle of March and advanced to 
Murfreesboro directed against Huntsville, Ala., and that 
part of the Memphis & Charleston Railroad north of the 
Tennessee River. The 7th division, Army of the Ohio, 
was organized before departure of the army from Nash- 
ville. 

The Army of the Ohio was largely southern in its or- 
ganization and composition. The 1st division was com- 
manded by Geo. H. Thomas, Virginia ; the 2d, known as a 
Kentucky division, had as its original brigade commanders 
Rousseau, Wood and R. W. Johnson, all of Kentucky ; 
the 3d was commanded by Mitchel, Kentucky ; the 4th by 
Wm. Nelson, Kentucky ; the 5th by T. L. Crittenden, Ken- 
tucky ; the 6th by T. J. Wood, Kentucky, and the 7th was 
distinctively southern. 

Combat and capture of New Bern, N. C, March 14th, — 
combined land and water attack. The vessels were from 
L. M. Goldsborough's squadron. Reno, Virginia, broke 
the Confederate left. There was a general advance by the 
Federals, the Confederate center was pierced and the field 
was gained. 

March 15th Reno went over the defenses at New Bern, 
then helped take the works. The Federals occupied New 
Bern. The Confederates lost 9 forts, 41 heavy guns, 25 
other guns, 578 men and large supplies. 

Bombardments of Island No. 10 between March 16th 
and April 7th. Walke, Virginia, commanded the Caron- 
delet; Stembel, Maryland, Cincinnati; A. H. Kilty, 
Maryland, Mound City. H. E. Maynadier, Virginia, com- 
manded 11 mortar boats. N. B. Buford, Kentucky, com- 
manded an army brigade with the flotilla. 

March 17th the leading division of the Army of the 
Potomac embarked for the Peninsula campaign. 

The Army of the Ohio was delayed at Duck River by 
high water. Nelson feared the troops at Pittsburg Land- 
ing would be attacked before the two armies would unite, 
and obtained permission for his division to ford the stream, 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 69 

and it hurried on as the head of the army. His rapid 
march through and beyond Waynesboro caused the rest of 
the army to keep in motion, but for which it would not 
have reached Pittsburg Landing before the battle was over. 

Kernstown, or Winchester, Va., March 23d. T. J. 
Jackson's attack was repulsed and he was forced off the 
field. A force sent ahead in the morning was met success- 
fully by S. S. Carroll, Maryland, and others. Wm. Har- 
row, Kentucky, was engaged at Kernstown. 

Siege of Fort Macon, N. C, March 23d to April 26th, 
1862. 

Action of Apache Canon or of Glorietta, March 28th. 
The Confederates were checked. Canby, Kentucky, ad- 
vanced to Albuquerque, and the Confederates, having lost 
their wagon train, retreated before him over a difficult 
region, suffering privation, and finally moved into Texas. 

March 29th Fremont assumed command of the Mountain 
Department. David Hunter, District of Columbia, was in 
command of the Department of the South from March 
31st, 1862, to June 3d, 1863. 

N. B. Buford, Kentucky, captured Union City, Tenn., 
March 31st by surprise after a forced march ; the Con- 
federate camp and a large amount of supplies fell into his 
hands. 

The Constitution for the proposed State of West Vir- 
ginia was adopted by popular vote in April, 1862. 

Appalachicola, Fla., surrendered to the Federals April 
2d. 

Henry Walke, Virginia, volunteered to run the gauntlet 
of the Confederate batteries on Island No. 10. Pope 
needed a gunboat to protect the troops in transports while 
crossing to the east side of the Mississippi River. Walke, 
in the Carondelet, started from above Island No. 10 the 
night of April 3d. N. B. Buford, Kentucky, commanding 
the flotilla brigade, furnished some sharpshooters to go 
with him. He passed Island No. 10, running the gauntlet 
of the batteries, and reached New Madrid safely. This 



70 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

was the first instance of successfully passing the Confed- 
erate batteries, and attacking them in the rear, on the 
Mississippi. It was a highly important example of what 
could be done. It broke the blockade of the Confederate 
line of fortifications without the loss of a man. It was a 
valuable and meritorious achievement. 

Walke silenced the field guns at New Madrid, so that 
the transports conveyed through the canal landed in safety. 

April 4th the advance up the Virginia Peninsula com- 
menced. L. M. Goldsborough sent seven gunboats under 
Wm. Smith, Kentucky, into the York River, beginning 
April 4th. Among those engaged in the Peninsula cam- 
paign were Robt. C. Buchanan, Maryland ; John C. Tid- 
ball, Virginia; C. M. Prevost, Maryland; J. B. Mcintosh, 
Florida, and D. H. Strother, Virginia. 

The Federal army around Pea Ridge moved April 5th 
to meet a threatened raid of Van Dorn for the destruction 
of Federal supply depots at Springfield and Rolla, Mo. 
Some Confederate forces returned to northwestern Arkan- 
sas. Price went to Tennessee. 

Mitchel advanced from Murfreesboro April 5th on 
Huntsville. His operations drew Kirby Smith from east 
Tennessee, and left the way open for the seizure of Cum- 
berland Gap. Thomas suggested the plan for the occupa- 
tion of east Tennessee, and seizure of the railroad connect- 
ing Richmond with the southwest, executed by Mitchel. 

April 5th the Army of the Potomac came upon Confed- 
erate positions at Yorktown and Lee's Mill, Va. The oper- 
ations before Yorktown lasted from April 5th to May 4th. 

Nelson's division reached Savannah during April 5th. 
It was ordered to move south on the east bank of the river. 
Crittenden's division encamped for the night a few miles 
back. 

Walke captured batteries below Island No. 10 on the 
6th with but little assistance. R. N. Stembel, Maryland, 
assisted in the capture and dismantling of the upper bat- 
tery on Island No. 10. 



CHAPTER III 

Shiloh — Fort Pulaski — Advance upon Corinth — 
Forts Jackson and St. Philip — Capture of New Orleans 
— Williamsburg — Craighead's Bend — Winchester — 
Fair Oaks — Memphis — Cross Keys — Port Republic — 
Seven Days' Battles — Baton Rouge. 

Battle of Shiloh or Pittsburg Landing, April 6th and 
7th, 1862. A. S. Johnston had succeeded in uniting armies 
ahead of the Federals, and marched north to the attack. 
One Federal division was camped further south than others. 
North of it were McClernand's, behind, and Prentiss', to 
the left of MeClernand. Behind Prentiss was the division 
of S. A. Hurlbut, South Carolina, and another division was 
on Hurlbut's right, behind MeClernand. 

The vigilance of B. M. Prentiss, Virginia, gave the first 
warning of the danger. He increased his pickets, and one 
of the guards went forward and engaged the Confederate 
pickets. He also sent forward five Missouri companies to 
strengthen the picket guard, who opened fire upon the Con- 
federate skirmishers, checking them for awhile. Prentiss 
sent out a brigade at 3 a. m. of the 6th to find out what 
was the exact force of the Confederates. It was struck 
first. But for Prentiss' act, the whole Federal front would 
have been struck unawares. His men were fighting in 
front of the southernmost division. That division, sur- 
prised, was forced to yield its position. Prentiss' division 
moved forward. MeClernand rapidly got under arms. 
He sent three regiments to the support of the left flank of 
the forward division before the attack fell on him. Hurl- 
but also sent a brigade to support its left. McClernand's 
division held the right after the forward division had been 
used up, and fought hard all day, MeClernand showing in- 

71 " 



72 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

trepidity. The cannonading was heard at Savannah, and 
Nelson was ordered to march his division south to Pitts- 
burg Landing; i. e., just across the river from it. 
Crittenden's and the 2nd division were hurried forward. 
By noon a route to the battlefield had been found and a 
guide obtained. Nelson hurried on. Prentiss rallied a 
considerable force on a new line at 9 o'clock. Hurlbut 
advanced to Prentiss' support, and Prentiss held his po- 
sition until his right was flanked. He was forced back and 
rallied on a line which Hurlbut was helping form in the 
rear. McClernand had been forced back. The ground 
was won and lost on his line more than once. He had to 
change the front of half his command to the west. Hurl- 
but, after 1 p. m., accepted the offer of the gunboat Tay- 
lor's assistance, and indicated the proper line of fire for it. 
Confederate batteries were silenced. A. S. Johnston fell 
in Hurlbut's front. Beauregard took command about 2 
p. m. McClernand determined between 2 and 3 o'clock 
to retire across Tillman's Hollow. A new line was formed 
north of Hurlbut's headquarters. Hurlbut retired at 4 
p. m., under pressure upon his left flank, having withstood 
superior numbers five hours and charged thrice. This left 
Prentiss and the division on his right isolated and unsup- 
ported. Prentiss and some of his and the other division 
were enveloped and forced to surrender. Their resistance 
weakened the force of the attack which McClernand pres- 
ently sustained in his 7th position on the river road, and 
retarded the advance of the Confederates which occurred 
nearly three hours after the retirement of the right wing 
from the west side of Tillman's Creek. Gunboats aided 
greatly in checking the victorious Confederates late in the 
day. Hurlbut hurriedly got into line in rear of the siege 
guns. A Confederate brigade and two of Chalmers' regi- 
ments crossed Dill's ravine, and Confederate artillery swept 
the bluff at the landing. Before the final attack Hurlbut 
changed the front of two regiments, or parts of two, and 
turned six pieces of artillery to bear upon the point of ex- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 73 

tremity. The Confederates were succeeding in the final as- 
sault and the left flank was within an eighth of a mile of 
the Landing. For five hundred yards from the Landing 
there was not a soldier in line or organized means of de- 
fense. The reserve artillery could effect nothing against 
the attacking force under shelter of Dill's ravine, and the 
fire of the gunboats was harmless there on account of the 
elevation necessary to clear the top of the bluff. Nelson 
had hurried on, had reached the further river bank, and 
at 5 p. m. had succeeded in crossing the brigade of Jacob 
Ammen, Virginia. At once, at the crisis, when Chalmers' 
skirmishers had approached to within one hundred yards 
of the battery protecting the position, and gunners were 
already abandoning their guns, Ammen, accompanied bj r 
Nelson, came into action. Ammen admirably handled his 
brigade. This was a bayonet charge, the Confederates here 
being without cartridges, and Ammen's infantry supports 
discouraged it. The attack was repelled. The deliver- 
ance of the Federal army was assured when the battery of 
W. R. Terrill, Virginia, of 24-pound howitzers, which had 
just arrived from Savannah, Army of the Ohio, dashed up 
to the support of the faltering line, and, with two other bat- 
teries, turned the Confederate right. He handled his bat- 
tery finely. Ammen repulsed a charge at 6 :30 p. m., and 
the day's battle ended. The remainder of Nelson's division 
crossed the river late in the evening and formed the left 
flank next day. Gunboats kept firing every fifteen minutes 
during the night. At night Hurlbut's left rested 500 
yards from the river. The right flank was about a mile 
from the river. The remnants of the forward division re- 
maining on the field had been identified with McClernand's 
division. He had occupied eight successive positions dur- 
ing the day. Hurlbut's division retained its organization. 
The mortality in it was greater than that of any other 
division. There were quite a number of Federal Mis- 
sourians who fought with great spirit on the extreme right. 
The gunboats, Nelson's troops and Hurlbut's persistence 



74 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

were prominent in the saving of the army. The 2d 
division readied Savannah late in the evening and was hur- 
ried forward in boats. Crittenden's division reached the 
field during the night on transports from Savannah. 

Shiloh, April 7th. These two divisions were on the 
ground early on the 7th, on which day the Army of the 
Ohio formed the left wing. At 5 a. m. Nelson's division, 
was formed and moved forward, leading the advance. The 
battle this day started in his front. He was checked, and, 
not having artillery, was forced slowly back. Artillery 
supplied from T. L. Crittenden's division was efficacious in 
stopping the Confederate advance. Crittenden commanded 
the left wing of the Army of the Ohio. The tide of bat- 
tle flowed to and fro on Nelson's and Crittenden's strug- 
gling fronts. The Confederates attempted to turn the 
left, held by Ammen's brigade. After hard fighting, it be- 
gan to give ground. The left flank was then endangered, 
but disaster was averted by the regular battery of W. R. 
Terrill. A further strong attempt was made to turn the 
flank, but Crittenden's and other troops reenforced Nelson. 
Then a flank attack by Nelson and a front attack by Crit- 
tenden, aided by Terrill's and other batteries, forced the 
Confederates back. Crittenden was conspicuous. L. H. 
Rousseau, Kentucky, took an advanced position early in the 
day, repulsed a charge, gave a counter-stroke, drove the op- 
posing force and captured a battery, and swept everything 
before him. He handled his brigade well. It had hard 
fighting and finally, with Hurlbut, aided in driving the Con- 
federates beyond the southernmost Federal camp location 
of the day before. Rousseau was steady and retook Me- 
Clernand's headquarters. Confederate guns on a new line 
in the rear were captured by Crittenden. Nelson advanced 
over ground lost the day before. Beauregard, fearing that 
his line might break under further attacks, selected a new 
position in the rear and retired, beginning at 2 :30 p. m. 
McClernand fought valiantly the 7th. S. G. Burbridge, 
Kentucky, was conspicuous. E. H. Hobson, Kentucky, 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 75 

fought with skill. T. J. Wood's division reached the field 
during the day and he was engaged. J. G. Lauman, Mary- 
land, commanded one of Hurlbut's brigades. R. W. John- 
son, Kentucky ; M. F. Force, District of Columbia ; Alvan 
C. Gillem, Tennessee ; A. L. Chetlain, Missouri ; I. N. Hay- 
nie, Tennessee ; Jas. S. Jackson, Kentucky ; W. C. Whit- 
taker, Kentucky; J. T. Boyle, Kentucky; Durbin Ward, 
Kentucky; S. D. Bruce, Kentucky, and T. T. Crittenden, 
Alabama, were engaged. 14 Kentucky regiments were in 
the two days' battle. 

Confederate Kentucky Gov. Johnson was killed at 
Shiloh. Hawes succeeded. / 

•^ Walke captured remaining batteries below Island No. 
10 on the 7th with some assistance. That day the gar- 
rison of Island No. 10 surrendered and the Island was 
abandoned. N. B. Buford, Kentucky, was engaged at 
Island No. 10, and afterward commanded its garrison. J. 
McA. Palmer, Kentucky, commanding a division, and 
Albert M. Powell, Maryland, were engaged there. After 
the surrender Walke silenced the heaviest battery near 
there on the Mississippi below. In the operations against 
Island No. 10 and other Confederate forts around Henry 
E. Maynadier, Virginia, commanded the mortar flotilla; 
A. H. Kilty commanded the Mound City, and R. N. Stem- 
bel, Maryland, was engaged. 

Pope, having crossed to the east side of the Mississippi, 
advanced and overtook and captured most of the Confed- 
erates, at and near Tiptonville, April 8th. His operations 
were able and valuable, resulting in the capture of 3 gen- 
erals, over 5,000 men, 123 cannon, and mortars, 7,000 
small arms, four steamboats, and quantities of military sup- 
plies, without the loss of a man. 

After the capture of Island No. 10, Pope, with 20,000 
men in transports, protected by gunboats, moved down to 
Fort Pillow. He was withdrawn thence to the united 
armies advancing upon Corinth. 

Fort Pulaski, Ga., April 10th and 11th. The Fort 



76 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

guarded the approach to Savannah, Ga. April 10th D. 
Hunter, District of Columbia, commanding the Depart- 
ment of the South, summoned the Fort to surrender. He 
attacked that day and the next, the navy supporting the 
troops with bombardment. The Confederate flag was 
hauled down at 2 p. m the 12th. The success closed the 
Savannah River to blockaders. Naval officer Aaron W. 
Weaver, District of Columbia, was among those engaged. 

O. McK. Mitchel, Kentucky, marched from Fayetteville, 
Tenn., with about 8,000 men, April 10th. He reached 
Huntsville, on the Memphis and Charleston Railroad, next 
day, capturing about 200 prisoners, 15 locomotives, much 
rolling stock and other property. He seized and held the 
railroad and sent expeditions each way on it. The one 
sent east captured five more locomotives, seized Stevenson 
and attacked Bridgeport, Ala. Later, a force sent by him 
advanced to the river opposite Chattanooga, and fired upon 
the trenches and town with field artillery. A brigade sent 
west crossed the Tennessee River, and went to Tuscumbia, 
Ala. A force went to Russellville, Ala., some distance 
south of Tuscumbia. Within a few days he had taken 120 
miles of railroad. His operations drew Kirby Smith from 
east Tennessee, and left the way open for the seizure of 
Cumberland Gap. The Confederate plan of campaign was 
deranged by his expedition against Chattanooga. 

Advance upon Corinth. The Army of the Mississippi 
was united with the Army of the Ohio and the Army of 
the Tennessee. The combination was organized as right 
wing, center, left wing, reserves and cavalry. Thomas was 
given command of the right wing, or Army of the Ten- 
nessee; Pope, with the Army of the Mississippi, of the 
left wing, and McClernand of reserves, in the advance on 
Corinth. The Army of the Ohio mostly was in the center. 

At Yorktown, Va., April 11th, Wm. P. Sanders, Ken- 
tucky, was engaged. 

The organization of the Missouri militia created by Gov. 
Gamble was completed about the middle of April, 1862, 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 77 

when the number was 13,800, but the men had seen service 
along with the United States volunteers before. The force 
was afterward limited to 10,000 by Congress. 

Action of Pcralta, N. M., April 15th. Gabriel R. Paul, 
Mo., and J. C. McFerran, Kentucky, were engaged. E. 
R. S. Canby, Kentucky, caused Confederate forces to leave 
New Mexico. He defended New Mexico from Sibley's 
formidable inroad. 

/ David G. Farragut, Tennessee, bombarded Forts Jack- 
son and St. Philip, defending New Orleans on the river 
below, April 16th to 24th, 1862. Bombardment of April 
1.8th commenced in the morning. Farragut first sent 
^Henry H. Bell, North Carolina, up the Mississippi River 
with the steamers Kennebec and Wissahickon to ascertain 
what preparations had been made by the Confederates to 
prevent the passage of the forts. He reported accord- 
ingly. 

Walter W. Queen, District of Columbia, commanded the 
second of the three divisions of the mortar flotilla — seven 
vessels — doing good work. The fire becoming hot, John 
Guest, Missouri, was sent with the Octorara to the head of 
the line to open fire on the forts with his 11-inch pivot. 
Queen's division suffered considerably. Fort Jackson's 
citadel took fire that evening. The mortar bombardment 
continued until the morning of April 24th. 

Action of South Mills or Camden, N. C, April 19th. 
The expedition started April 18th, Reno, Virginia, in com- 
mand. It was hoped to convey the idea that the entire 
Federal army was marching upon Norfolk from the rear. 
Reno went in transports up the Pasquotank to within three 
miles of Elizabeth City, N. C. A part of his force pushed 
forward to surprise the Confederates, but they had been 
warned, his guide misleading him, and attacked the de- 
tachment. Reno, with his main force, got into action. He 
flanked the Confederates, causing their retirement, when a 
gunboat drove them from the woods. The Confederates 
then repulsed an attack, but the Federals came out in fair 



78 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

order. Chas. W. Flusser, Maryland, naval officer, was en- 
gaged. Reno was in command of a division in the De- 
partment of North Carolina, April to August, 1862. 

Forts Jackson and St. Philip. On the night of April 
20th two steamers, under the direction of Henry H. Bell, 
North Carolina, chief of staff, found a passage-way on 
the west bank of the Mississippi River, where the cables 
were parted. Hulks had been sunk connected by cables, 
thus obstructing the river. The examination of the cables 
was a daring feat. 

</ S. P. Lee, Virginia, commanded the Federal advance di- 
vision below the forts. 
Santa Fe, having been evacuated by the Confederates, 
was taken by troops in Canby's command April 21st. 

Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip, April 24th, 1862. 
The passage was begun at 2 a. m. Farragut advanced in 
three divisions. Bell commanded the last. Chains were 
slung over the hulls as a protection. N. B. Harrison, Vir- 
ginia, commanded the leading vessel, the Cayuga. It re- 
ceived the fire of Fort St. Philip, and passed the forts. 
It was then beset by several large steamers, which dashed 
at it. The Cayuga fired on the Gov. Moore when thirty 
yards away. The Oneida, commanded by S. P. Lee, Vir- 
ginia, grandson of Richard Henry Lee, was one of the 
three vessels first to pass the forts and encounter the Con- 
federate fleet. At one time the Oneida was engaged alone 
with both forts. The Oneida went to the Cayuga's as- 
sistance, raking the Gov. Moore with her starboard broad- 
side at the distance of a few feet. The antagonists were 
dispersed, and three of them destroyed. The Cayuga 
dashed on up the river, followed by the rest of the division, 
firing into everything they met. The Hartford was Farra- 
gut's flag-ship. While passing, she was set on fire by a fire 
raft, grounding in the effort to avoid it, but extinguished 
the flames. The Brooklyn, T. T. Craven, District of Co- 
lumbia, commanding, silenced Fort St. Philip in passing it. 
Finding the Hartford hard aground, exposed to the fire of 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 79 

both forts, he had kept alongside to divert the fire until 
Farragut could get away. He was cool. The Hartford 
was struck 32 times in the hull and rigging, and the Brook- 
lyn was severely punished in passing the forts. She fired a 
broadside at the Louisiana in passing. The Brooklyn be- 
came entangled, and was attacked and rammed by the 
Manassas. She was next attacked by a large steamer, 
which she used up, and passed up the river. She was 
struck 17 times in the hull. Bell was on the Sciota, com- 
manded by Ed. Donaldson, Maryland, which set fire to two 
steamboats, and destroj'ed a vessel. 

The Varuna had gone up the river, and became engaged 
with two vessels. Lee, in the Oneida, went to her aid. 
The two vessels rammed the Varuna, and Lee drove the 
two rams ashore, forcing their burning, and capturing the 
commander of the Gov. Moore. The Varuna sank in shoal 
water, and Lee went to her relief, helping to rescue the 
officers and men. On Farragut's staff were Bell and P. 
Drayton, South Carolina, expert organizers and adminis- 
trators of detail. E. T. Nichols, Georgia, commanded the 
Winona, and John H. Russell, Maryland, commanded the 
Kennebec. John Guest, Missouri, commanded the Owosco. 
A. D. Harrell, Virginia, participated in the bombardment. 
Eleven Confederate vessels were destroyed. The passage 
of the forts was an achievement of the first importance. 
The danger was deemed excessive. 

The Chalmette batteries, about six miles below New 
Orleans, were passed the same day by Farragut. The 
Hartford and the Cayuga, under Harrison, stood the first 
brunt of the action, and the guns were silenced. The 
Brooklyn, T. T. Craven commanding, fired at them. S. P. 
Lee participated in their capture. 

Farragut occupied New Orleans April 25th. He had 
opened the lower Mississippi and captured the largest city 
of the South, the Confederates losing it permanently. The 
ministers of France had indicated recognition of the Con- 
federacy very soon, but abandoned the purpose after Far- 



80 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

ragut reached New Orleans. The attitude of the British 
Government also had been vei*3 r disquieting. There re- 
mained within the area held by the Confederates no city 
larger than one of about 40,000 population. 

Fort Macon, Beaufort Harbor, N. C, was bombarded 
April 25th by vessels of L. M. Goldsborough's squadron, 
and surrendered next a. m. Charles W. Flusser, Mary- 
land, was engaged. 

Fighting in front of Yorktown April 26th. 

Surrender of Forts Jackson and St. Philip, April 28th, 
to Farragut's fleet. John H. Russell, Maryland, was 
present. E. T. Nichols, Georgia, received the surren- 
der of Fort St. Philip. Russell participated in all the 
operations of Farragut's fleet in the Mississippi up to 
Vicksburg. 

S. P. Lee, Virginia, went up the Mississippi with the gun- 
boats to Vicksburg, in command. Craven, with seven ves- 
sels, was sent up the river from New Orleans. 

Action near Bridgeport, Ala., April 29th. Mitchel at- 
tacked Bridgeport. Confronting the Confederates with a 
portion of his command, he made a detour with the main 
body, and advanced upon Bridgeport. Confederates were 
surprised, and driven across the Tennessee River, mainly 
by artillery. Later, he dispersed with artillery the other 
portion of Kirby Smith's force, coming up to assist their 
comrades. He took Bridgeport and 350 prisoners. 

The Federal army conveyed to the Mississippi by Far- 
ragut took possession of New Orleans May 1st. 

May 1st, during an attack made on the left flank of the 
army on the Virginia Peninsula, L. M. Goldsborough's ves- 
sels shelled Confederate artillery posted on a hill to the 
left and forced it to retire. 

Campaign in Arkansas. Federals moved from Elkhorn 
eastward and occupied Batesville, northeastern Arkansas, 
May 3d. 

The Confederate army evacuated the position of York- 
town and Lee's Mill May 3d and 4th. Among those en- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 81 

gaged in the siege operations against the Yorktown line 
were W. H. Emory, Maryland; Wm. H. French, Mary- 
land ; G. W. Getty, District of Columbia ; P. St. George 
Cooke, Virginia, commanding the cavalry regulars ; D. B. 
Birney, Alabama, conspicuous ; Robt. C. Buchanan, Mary- 
land ; Horatio G. Gibson, Maryland ; Wm. Hays, Virginia ; 
A. Pleasanton, District of Columbia ; Barton S. Alexander, 
Kentucky; John C. Tidball, Virginia, and B. F. Davis, 
Alabama. W. P. McCann, Kentucky, commanding the 
Maratanza, engaged the batteries there. Thos. H. Patter- 
son, Louisiana, naval officer, was engaged. 

Cooke was in command of advance guard in combat near 
Williamsburg 4th. 

Troops were sent by water up the York River to threaten 
the rear and flank of J. E. Johnston's army. On May 5th 
the gunboats were sent up by Wm. Smith, Kentucky, in 
naval command on the York River. T. H. Patterson in 
the Chocura proceeded to West Point. 

Lebanon, Tenn., May 5th. Confederate John H. Mor- 
gan was defeated with the loss of 105 men, guns and horses. 
Green C. Smith, Kentucky, was wounded. 

Battle of Williamsburg, Va., May 5th. Johnston held 
his line against the attack, and retired from Williamsburg 
during the night. David B. Birney, Alabama, showed 
merit. Cooke, Emory, Tidball, John W. Davidson, Vir- 
ginia ; Wm. Hays, Virginia ; B. F. Davis, Alabama ; H. G. 
Gibson, Maryland; and Wm. P. Sanders, Kentucky, were 
engaged. 

May 6th Wm. Smith, Kentucky, escorted transports to 
West Point, carrying advance division, which landed the 
6th. 

Combat of West Point, Va., May 7th, 1862. B. S. Alex- 
ander, Kentucky, engineer officer, landed the leading 
division, which disembarked near West Point. John New- 
ton, Virginia, commanding the brigade most heavily en- 
gaged, was attacked soon after landing, but repulsed the 
opponents. He led his command. Wm. Smith sent the 



82 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Maratanza into action, W. P. McCann, Kentucky, com- 
manding. He drove off the Confederate battery attack- 
ing the division. The gunboats did effectual work in the 
repelling of the attack. At the end of the day Newton 
occupied an advanced position. 

Baton Rouge, La., was captured by Farragut May 7th. 

May 8th the Galena and her escorts under John Rodgers, 
Maryland, started working their way up James River. L. 
M. Goldsborough shelled Sewell's Point, Va., north of Nor- 
folk, May 8th. 

Combat of McDowell, western Va., May 8th. While 
the Army of the Potomac was working up the Peninsula 
toward Richmond, with vessels of Goldsborough's squadron 
moving up the river on its right, a smaller army was at 
Fredericksburg, interposed between the Confederates and 
Washington ; another force was between there and the 
Valley of Virginia ; a Federal army was working south in 
the Valley against Staunton, and Fremont, who had pushed 
eastward a large force in western Virginia, had several com- 
mands scattered to the west and northwest of Staunton, in 
the mountain area near the boundary between Virginia and 
western Virginia, not far from Staunton. The Federals 
threatened a union of these and the Valley forces against 
Staunton, and a union of all the forces east of the Blue 
Ridge against Richmond, — from the north and from the 
east in concert. The object for the Confederates was to 
threaten Washington, separate still further these com- 
mands, preventing their union; clear the Valley, and 
threaten Maryland that way ; then to unite the Confederate 
armies against the Army of the Potomac menacing Rich- 
mond. T. J. Jackson had Ewell's army replace his, and 
disappeared from the Valley. The Valley Federal army 
moved north, it not appearing but that its rear was threat- 
ened. Jackson moved south, however, cut across the Val- 
ley and joined Edward Johnson against McDowell. When 
Jackson reached McDowell he was attacked unsuccessfully, 
and the Federals retreated. Fremont responded to a call 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 83 

for help, sending forward supports. The Federals re- 
treated to Franklin. 

Fannin gton, Miss., May 9th. A division of Pope's wing 
was assailed by the Confederates in heavy force. It fought 
for several hours, and then withdrew across Seven Mile 
Creek to Pope's main line. 

The Monitor attacked SewelPs Point May 9th. Next 
day L. M. Goldsborough's vessels engaged and silenced the 
batteries there, passed up to Norfolk, Va., and occupied it. 
Hugh Y. Purviance, Maryland, and Aaron W. Weaver, 
District of Columbia, were engaged. 

Craighead's Bend, near Fort Pillow, Tenn., May 10th. 
The Confederate fleet met the Federal fleet. The Cincin- 
nati, R. N. Stembel, Maryland, leading, hastened to the 
aid of an attacked mortar-boat, and was attacked by the 
Confederate rams. She was followed by the Mound City, 
A. H. Kilty, Maryland. H. Walke, Virginia, in the 
Carondelet was the first to come within aiding distance of 
the Cincinnati, and struck the boiler of one of the vessels. 
The Cincinnati was rammed and sunk. Stembel was se- 
verely wounded, and incapacitated for further active serv- 
ice. The Mound City also was rammed and sunk. It was 
a heavy action, vessels of both fleets being damaged or de- 
stroyed. John A. Winslow, North Carolina, was present. 
The Confederate vessels retired, and the Carondelet alone 
remained in possession of the battlefield. 

The fleet bombarded Fort Pillow until June 4th. 

The Virginia was blown up by the Confederates May 
11th. 

Baton Rouge, La., was occupied May 12th by the Fed- 
eral land forces. 

Farragut took Natchez May 13th. 

May 13th an act was passed by the Federal Legislature 
of Virginia giving consent to the formation of the new 
State to be called West Virginia. 

John Rodgers, Maryland, on his way up the James 
River in May silenced the battery at Rock Wharf and in 



84 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

the Galena engaged the battery at Hardin's Bluff, while 
wooden boats passed it. 

Fort Darling, Drewrj's Bluff, Va., May 15th. Gun- 
boat attack by the fleet under Rodgers. In the Galena he 
fought the Fort three hours and twenty minutes. Two- 
thirds of his crew were killed and wounded. S. Dana 
Greene, Maryland, was engaged. The Confederates 
crossed the Chickahominy immediately after this, and the 
way was opened for the Federal advance to within seven 
miles of Richmond. 

May 17th L. M. Goldsborough, District of Columbia, de- 
stroyed the two abandoned batteries at Rock Wharf and 
Hardin's Bluff. The same day there was a naval expe- 
dition up the Pamunkey River, and Confederate vessels 
were burnt. Thos. H. Patterson, Louisiana, commanded 
the leading gunboat in the expedition up the Pamunkey 
River to White House, to open the way and in support of 
the Army of the Potomac. 

Movement on Corinth. Thomas' advance on May 17th 
brought on a spirited combat. His troops drove the Con- 
federates across Bridge Creek. Thomas had the Confed- 
erate left reconnoitered, and it was driven back some dis- 
tance, and there was a corresponding advance of his whole 
Army of the Tennessee. 

May 18th Wm. Smith, Kentucky, being senior, replaced 
Rodgers in command on the James River. 

The advance division of Farragut's squadron, under S. 
P. Lee, Virginia, summoned Yicksburg to surrender May 
18th. The Vicksburg batteries were passed. Lee par- 
ticipated in both passages of the Vicksburg batteries, the 
Oneida being second in line on each occasion. 

Front Royal, Va., May 23d. The Massanutton moun- 
tain range runs part of the length of the Shenandoah Val- 
ley, dividing the Valley. While the Federal army blocked 
the western valley at Strasburg, T. J. Jackson hurried 
north in the narrower eastern valley and struck a small 
force at Front Royal, Va., commanded by John R. Kenly, 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 85 

Maryland. Kenly's command was dispersed or captured, 
but his fight gave the army at Winchester some time to 
start north. 

May 23d and 24th. The brigade of John W. David- 
son, Virginia, occupied Mechanicsville after a brief en- 
counter with a column of Magruder's command. 

Near Newtown T. J. Jackson struck the flank of the 
Valley army, capturing supplies, arms and prisoners. 

John C. Tidball, Virginia, was engaged in an action at 
New Bridge, Va., May 24th. 

Battle of Winchester, May 25th. The Valley army was 
defeated by T. J. Jackson. C. H. Tompkins, Virginia, was 
engaged. Jackson threatened Harper's Ferry. 

Edward Stanley, North Carolina, commissioned by 
President Lincoln temporary governor of that part of 
North Carolina under Federal control, arrived at New 
Bern, N. C, May 26th. 

Action at Hanover C. H., Va., May 27th. W. H. 
Emory, Maryland, commanded cavalry, with some artil- 
lery, participating in dislodging the Confederates, clearing 
the army's right flank. Wm. B. Royall, Virginia, was en- 
gaged. 

Action at Mechanicsville, Va., May 27th. John C. Tid- 
ball, Virginia, and Wm. P. Sanders, Kentucky, were en- 
gaged. 

May 28th the advance on Corinth met stronger oppo- 
sition than any before. The Confederates attempted to 
regain a position taken from them by Thomas, Army of 
the Tennessee, and also attacked the 2d division, Army of 
the Ohio, in the center, unsuccessfully, R. W. Johnson, 
Kentucky, routing Confederates in his front. 

The Confederates evacuated Corinth the night of May 
29th. Pope, with the Army of the Mississippi, pursued 
to Baldwin, capturing supplies, prisoners and arms, and 
destroying other material. Among those engaged in the 
advance upon Corinth were T. J. Wood, Kentucky ; R. W. 
Johnson, Kentucky ; E. H. Hobson, Kentucky ; N. B. Bu- 



86 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

ford, Kentucky ; Jacob Ammen, Virginia ; W. R. Terrill, 
Virginia; Albert M. Powell, Maryland; Alvan C. Gillem, 
Tennessee ; Jas. S. Jackson, Kentucky ; Henry M. Judah, 
Maryland, and A. L. Chetlain, Missouri. Chetlain com- 
manded the post of Corinth. 

May 29th, John Rodgers, Maryland, was again in com- 
mand on James River. 

In Jackson's demonstration against Harper's Ferry 
May 26th to 30th, Jas. Cooper, Maryland, and D. S. Miles, 
Maryland, were engaged. 

Thos. H. Patterson, Louisiana, from June to October, 
1862, was senior officer of the naval forces in the York 
and Pamunkey rivers, and in constant cooperation with the 
Army of the Potomac. 

Battle of Fair Oaks or Seven Pines, Va., May 31st and 
June 1st, 1862. May 31st, while part of the Federal 
army was on the north bank of the Chickahominy, J. E. 
Johnston struck the part on the south bank, the river be- 
ing very high. The Federals were driven around Seven 
Pines while holding on at Fair Oaks. On the Seven Pines 
field, the brigade of John J. Abercrombie, Tennessee, was 
attacked in the second position, the first line of defense, 
half a mile to the front, having been carried. Aber- 
crombie's brigade on the right, after gaining ground, was 
cut off, and sustained a severe attack. It was about to be 
overwhelmed when reenforced from a corps coming from 
the north bank of the Chickahominy, W. A. Gorman, Ken- 
tucky, leading. The Chickahominy had been crossed with 
great difficulty. Gorman exerted himself to hold the line 
when an attempt was made to turn the Federal right. He 
led a bayonet charge. The Confederates held at Fair 
Oaks most of the corps from coming to the succor here, 
and gained the second line, and some of their troops on the 
Williamsburg road were pushed far toward the Federal 
third position. J. E. Johnston was wounded about 7 :30 
p. m. B. S. Alexander, Kentucky, was engaged. 

Seven Pines June 1st. The Confederate attack was 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 87 

upon the brigade of Wm. H. French, Maryland. The 
Confederates fell back some time after French had been 
reenforced. D. B. Birney, Alabama, had strong outposts 
well to the front, which delayed Confederates advancing 
east. Birney had advanced and struck the Confederate 
right flank there. Under the front and flank attack Ma- 
hone and Armstead, Confederates, gave way in disorder. 
Birney's center met with but little resistance until it struck 
a Confederate force in a strong position on a wood road in 
front of French's left wing. One of Birney's regiments 
was engaged on the Williamsburg road, and two of French's 
also advanced into the wood a short distance before the 
action there ended. French led a bayonet charge in per- 
son with address. Wilcox, Confederate, sustained this at- 
tack east of Seven Pines, and was withdrawn on account 
of the fighting to the north of Seven Pines. The Confed- 
erate right wing retired during the day to the position of 
the Federal first line of defense of May 31st. There 
was no general battle June 1st. R. E. Lee took command 
of the Confederate army just before 1 :30 p. m. that day. 

Fremont had been moved northeastward and other troops 
westward in the attempt to intercept Jackson, but he 
slipped between them. 

While part of the Shenandoah Valley command ad- 
vanced to Port Republic, E. O. C. Ord, Maryland, com- 
manding a division, remained at Front Royal. 

Early in June Chas. W. Flusser, Maryland, took posses- 
sion of Plymouth, N. C, and held it unaided by land forces 
until June 15th. 

J. B. S. Todd, Kentucky, commanded a division in the 
Army of the Tennessee from June 3d to July 17th. 

Near Jasper, Tenn., June 4th, 0. McK. Mitchel's expe- 
dition against Chattanooga skirmished successfully with a 
brigade under Adams. 

Fort Pillow was evacuated by the Confederates June 4th. 

Thomas was in command of Corinth from June 5th to 
22d. 



88 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Battle of Memphis, Tenn., June 6th. This was a 
heavy naval fight. The Federals had five gunboats with 
68 guns, 4 rams. The Confederates had 8 gunboats with 
28 guns. The Confederate fleet met the Federal. The 
Carondelet, commanded by Walke, was in the front line, 
and was the principal gunboat engaged by the Confed- 
erate ram Arkansas. Vessels of both fleets were damaged 
or destroyed, the Van Dorn alone, of the Confederate ves- 
sels, escaping. Memphis was taken that day, with large 
stores and navy yard, and the steam-ram Tennessee build- 
ing there was destroyed. Maynadier, Virginia, did good 
service in the battle. 

Mitchel's expedition reached the Tennessee River op- 
posite Chattanooga June 7th. It bombarded Chattanooga 
7th and 8th. 

Battle of Cross Keys, Va., June 8th. T. J. Jackson held 
the bridge at Port Republic separating Fremont and troops 
which had moved south in the narrower eastern valley. 
The brigade of S. S. Carroll, Maryland, in advance reached 
Port Republic the 8th, and there was a contest for the 
bridge. At Cross Keys, on the 8th, Fremont unsuccessfully 
attacked Ewell, posted to the west of the bridge. 

Combat of Port Republic, June 9th. Another brigade 
had come to the support of Carroll. If Jackson could 
rout these two brigades quickly, he could then turn, join 
Ewell and meet Fremont. The first Confederate assault 
was by the Stonewall brigade and was repulsed by Car- 
roll's brigade. 

Dick Taylor captured a battery. Candy, Kentucky, 
recaptured it and took a Confederate gun and 67 prisoners. 
The stout resistance of the two brigades before they were 
overcome and pushed north lost Jackson so much time and 
required such force that Jackson concentrated east of the 
bridge, ordering Ewell over, after holding Fremont in 
check, and the bridge was burnt, thus preventing further 
battle between Fremont and Jackson. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 89 

James Island, Charleston Harbor, June 10th. Robt. 
Williams, Virginia, was engaged. 

After the occupation of Corinth, the Federal combina- 
tion was resolved into the former armies. Thomas was 
relieved of command of the Army of the Tennessee and 
then of Corinth, and was restored to the command of the 
1st division, Army of the Ohio. 

A campaign for the capture of Chattanooga was pro- 
jected. The Army of the Ohio started for East Tennes- 
see June 10th, repairing the Memphis & Charleston 
Railroad from Corinth to use as a line of communication, 
in addition to the Tennessee River. The movement was 
directly upon Chattanooga. 

At James Island, Charleston Harbor, June 13th and 
14th, Robt. Williams, Virginia, and J. R. Hawley, North 
Carolina, were engaged. 

Action of Old Church, Va., June 13th, was fought by 
Wm. B. Royall, Virginia, who received six saber wounds 
in hand-to-hand conflict, and made a stubborn fight, but 
was overwhelmed by the numbers of the Confederates. He 
cut through and joined the main army. 

Combat of Secessionville, S. C, June 16th. The Fed- 
erals were severely repulsed. Robt. Williams, Virginia, 
was engaged. 

In June, 1862, A. H. Kilty, Maryland, commanded an 
expedition to the White River, Ark. St. Charles, Ark., 
was captured by troops supported by the vessels, June 
17th. The gunboats battled with the Confederate bat- 
teries, the batteries being carried. The steam-chest of the 
Mound City was struck, and Kilty was scalded by the 
steam which filled the vessel. 

Cumberland Gap was occupied by Federals June 18th, 
the position having been turned, causing Confederate evac- 
uation. The Confederates left it in maneuvers. The Fed- 
eral troops were largely Kentuckian. Saml. P. Carter, 
Tennessee, and J. G. Spears, Tennessee, helped occupy it. 



90 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

June 18th transports with supplies were ordered sent up 
the James River under convoy of gunboats under John 
Rodgers, Maryland. 

June 19th another corps was transferred to the south 
side of the Chickahominy. 

A deserter on June 24th gave information of Jackson's 
movement to strike the Federal rear. Jackson arrived at 
Ashland June 25th. 

Seven Days' Battles. Action of Oak Grove, Va., June 
25th. Federal pickets south of the Chickahominy were 
pushed forward and gained ground for an attack set for 
the next day. Federals occupied the advanced ground. 
Wm. H. French, Maryland, was engaged. 

P. St. George Cooke, Virginia, commanded the cavalry 
watching on the right wing which reported the advance 
which turned out to be Jackson. 

Farragut's fleet was assembled at Vicksburg June 25th. 
Vicksburg was bombarded next day. 

John Pope, Kentucky, was assigned to the command of 
all the troops in northern Virginia June 26th, and Fremont 
was relieved. Pope commanded the Army of Virginia 
from June 27th to Sept. 2d. 

Battle of Mechanicsville, or Beaver Dam Creek, Va., 
June 26th-27th. The left of the Federal picket line south 
of the Chickahominy was thrown forward preliminary to 
attack. P. St. George Cooke reported that Jackson was 
advancing slowly on the flank of the part of the Army 
of the Potomac north of the Chickahominy. The Federals 
were forced back from their intrenchments a mile to Beaver 
Dam Creek, near Ellerson's mill, where they repulsed an 
attack. Next morning they were constrained by Jack- 
son's flank movement to fall back early to Gaines' Mill 
battlefield. Wm. Hays, Virginia, was among those en- 
gaged. The Confederate loss was 1,365 ; Federal 361. 

Battle of Gaines' Mill, June 27th, 1862. The Confed- 
erate attack commenced shortly after noon. A division 
crossed from south of the Chickahominy to the support of 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 91 

the right wing, reaching the field at 3 :30 p. m. The 
brigade of John Newton, Virginia, arriving at 4 p. m., 
was sent to the center and drove back the Confederates, 
retaking ground held by the Confederates only a short 
time. There was fierce fighting in the position of Robt. 
C. Buchanan, Maryland, the ground being lost and re- 
gained. Buchanan fought with credit. Jackson's army 
from the Valley was now fully united with Lee's and 
bore down in force upon the right flank. Late in the p. m. 
the Confederates gained the line at a number of points, 
and the whole line gave way. About 6 p. m. nearly the 
whole of the army in sight seemed suddenly to disappear 
in confusion to the rear. Three batteries of artillery had 
been posted in reserve, with Cooke's weak cavalry brigade. 
The three batteries opened a furious fire. No hope was 
left save in this feeble force in reserve. Cooke instantly 
advanced to support the batteries. He charged to bring 
them off safe. He directed their firing, which was reported 
very effective. It caused the Confederates to halt. Cooke 
was with his men. Wm. P. Chambliss, Virginia, led the 
charge and was struck by seven balls. The Confederates 
had emerged from a wood, and were met by the cavalry 
charge and artillery fire. They hesitated and destruction 
of the right wing north of the Chickahominy was pre- 
vented. Some of the artillery was saved. The brigade 
of Wm. H. French, Maryland, advancing boldly, and 
another brigade, came up from the river before dusk. 
They covered the retreat, and Cooke, with the cavalry, 
guarded the rear while the right wing crossed to the south 
side of the Chickahominy. Cooke was the last general 
officer on the field on the left. That wing of the army 
was saved from further disaster in the flooded river and 
swamps close behind it. Cooke's cavalry destroyed the 
Chickahominy bridge, the rear-guard in retreat having 
gotten over the river by 6 a. m., and retreat commenced 
to the James River as a base, while the Confederates op- 
erated on the old line to the Pamunkey, not knowing but 



92 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

that White House would continue to be the base. John 
W. Davidson, Virginia, and John C. Tidball, Virginia, 
were brave and useful. G. W. Getty, District of Colum- 
bia, C. H. Tompkins, Virginia, and B. S. Alexander, Ken- 
tucky, were also engaged in the battle. 

Action at Golding's Farm and Garnett's Farm, June 
27th and 28th. Confederates lost 461, Federals 368. 
John W. Davidson was conspicuous ; B. S. Alexander was 
engaged. 

Bombardment of Vicksburg batteries by Farragut, June 
27th. T. T. Craven, commanding the Brooklyn; H. H. 
Bell, North Carolina, and John H. Russell, Maryland, were 
engaged. 

Bragg succeeded Beauregard in command of the Con- 
federate army at Tupelo, Miss., June 27th. 

June 28th Farragut ran northward past Vicksburg with 
two of his ships and five gunboats — all but three vessels 
of his fleet. The Hartford, Oneida, second in line, com- 
manded by S. P. Lee, Virginia ; the Sciota, Ed. Donaldson, 
Maryland, and Winona, E. T. Nichols, Georgia, succeeded. 
W. W. Queen, District of Columbia, commanded the mor- 
tar-boats and passed the batteries. The Federal fleet at 
Memphis moved down the river June 29th. 

Seven Days' Battles. Action of Allen's Farm or Peach 
Orchard, June 29th. Wm. H. French, Maryland, was 
engaged. 

Battle two miles west of Savage Station and at Savage 
Station, Va., p. m. of June 29th. Lee was striking at the 
Army of the Potomac on its retreat to the James. The 
Federal line was broken in the center. The brigade of W. 
A. Gorman, Kentucky, was pushed in, and held its ground. 
The line then held fast till the close of the battle. Wm. 
H. French, Maryland, was engaged, and in command of 
the infantry rear-guard, then and in the retreat to Malvern 
Hill. P. St. George Cooke was in command of the remnant 
of the cavalry division present in retreat from Savage 
Station to Harrison's Landing. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 93 

June 29th the Army of the Potomac opened communica- 
tion with John Rodgers, Maryland, who again commanded 
the vessels on the James River. 

Seven Days' Battles. White Oak Bridge or Turkey 
Creek, Va., June 30th. Bombardment by Jackson princi- 
pally. French and Davidson, Virginia, were present. J. 

B. Mcintosh, Florida, was engaged. French remained 
when other troops fell back that night, to deceive the 
Confederates by firing field-pieces in the direction of the 
bridge. 

Battle of Glendale, Charles City Cross Roads, or Fray- 
ser's Farm, June 30th. Fighting was along the whole line 
this day. D. B. Birney, Alabama, was on the right of the 
front line. Newton, Virginia, was on the right, and was 
efficient. He held the center there. His brigade did well. 
The Confederates took the field. French, Cooke and Robt. 

C. Buchanan, Maryland, were engaged. 

Lovell H. Rousseau, Kentucky, was given command of a 
division in June, 1862, succeeding Mitchel. Ord com- 
manded at Corinth, June to August. 

Malvern Hill, Va., June 30th. John Rodgers' gunboats 
aided in repulsing Holmes. 

Seven Days' Battles. Battle of Malvern Hill, Va., July 
1st. The Confederates attacked at 3 p. m. and again at 
6 p. m. The brigade of John J. Abercrombie, Tennessee, 
with two other brigades, pushed after the repelled troops, 
and advanced the right of the line. Colors were captured. 
Robt. C. Buchanan, Maryland, helped drive a portion of 
the Confederates from the field. Gunboats under John 
Rodgers aided. They fired upon Magruder's rear. 
Buchanan was the main infantry rear-guard from Malvern 
Hill leaving the field. The Confederates lost 5,355 and 
the Federals 3,214. French, G. W. Getty, District of 
Columbia ; Wm. Hays, Virginia, and John C. Tidball, Vir- 
ginia, were engaged. Among others engaged in the Seven 
Days' Battles were Alfred Pleasanton, District of Colum- 
bia, and Wm. Chapman, Maryland. Wm. H. Emory, 



94 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Maryland, operated on the right flank of the army with 
a mixed command of infantry, cavalry and artillery. 

Farragut's fleet and the one from Memphis joined north 
of Vicksburg July 1st. 

Harrison's Landing, July 2d. Emory and Tidball were 
engaged. The Army of the Potomac was thereafter under 
the protection of Rodgers' gunboats. 

Wm. Gibson, Maryland, was present during all the op- 
erations on the James River while the Army occupied 
Harrison's Landing, and guarded with three gunboats its 
recrossing of the Chickahominy. N. B. Harrison, Vir- 
ginia, commanded the Mahaska during the operations be- 
fore Richmond and the retreat to Harrison's Landing. 

H. R. Gamble, Virginia, war Governor of Missouri, in 
1862 ordered the enrollment of the total fighting popu- 
lation of Missouri, giving authority for the placing in 
active service of a sufficient force to maintain the peace. 
Federal Missouri militia occupied every town of impor- 
tance in the State. The military establishment there was 
about 50,000 men, mostly Missouri State militia. 

Morgan, Confederate, raided Kentucky, July 4th to 
30th. On Morgan's five raids into Kentucky, Kentucky 
troops were after him or confronted him. On this raid 
Jeremiah T. Boyle, Kentucky, and Green C. Smith, Ken- 
tucky, were active in resisting him. 

Point of Rocks, July 4th. W. P. McCann, Kentucky, 
captured gunboat Teaser. He was with the army at 
Malvern Hill, July 4th. 

C. W. Flusser, Maryland, was in command of an expe- 
dition sent by L. M. Goldsborough, District of Columbia, 
July 9th to the North Carolina rivers leading into the 
North Carolina sounds. He started from Plymouth, N. 
C, went up the Roanoke River, reached Hamilton the 9th 
in the Commodore Perry and captured it — batteries, 
steamers, schooners and supplies. 

Murfreesboro, Tenn., July 13th. Forrest had advanced 
from Chattanooga. He captured Murfreesboro and T. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 95 

T. Crittenden, Alabama, with a brigade and cavalry under 
him. Crittenden had arrived only the day before. Nelson 
was dispatched with his division from Athens via Nashville 
against Forrest. While at Murfreesboro Nelson con- 
structed strong field works. 

Pope took command of the Army of Virginia July 14th. 

Three Federal vessels approached the ram Arkansas in 
the Yazoo River, Miss., Walke commanding the Caronde- 
let. The Arkansas engaged them July 15th, and followed 
them down the river. Walke bore the brunt of the fight 
with the Arkansas. The Arkansas proceeded and ran the 
gauntlet of both fleets, taking position under the Vicksburg 
batteries. Farragut, with his fleet, repassed the Vicksburg 
batteries going south with little loss, and attacked the 
Arkansas in passing. S. P. Lee, Virginia, and E. T. Nich- 
ols, Georgia, passed and were in the engagement with the 
A rkansas. 

The command of David G. Farragut, Tennessee, up to 
May, 1863, included the Mississippi River as far as Vicks- 
burg, and all its tributaries below, and the coasts from 
Pensacola, Fla., to the western boundary of Texas. 

Morgan, Confederate, took Cynthiana, Ky., July 17th, 
commanded by J. J. Landram, Kentucky. There was a 
hard struggle and severe loss on both sides. Landram 
escaped, slightly wounded, to Paris, where the next day 
he rallied and united several detachments, and harassed 
Morgan in his retirement from Kentucky. 

Lee sent Jackson to oppose Pope's advance in northern 
Virginia. Jackson's troops reached Gordonsville July 
19th. 

July 20th Farragut's fleet was ordered to New Orleans, 
where it arrived July 29th. 

The Confederate army in northern Mississippi was 
started for Chattanooga July 21st. 

July 22d two vessels, W. D. Porter, Louisiana, command- 
ing one of them, from the fleet above Vicksburg unsuccess- 
fully attacked the Arkansas. Porter passed Vicksburg 



96 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

southward in the Essex to attack the Arkansas. The Es- 
sex was badly cut up by the Vicksburg batteries. 

Bragg reached Chattanooga July 29th. Hardee left 
Tupelo bound there the same day. 

Confederates were driven from Mt. Sterling, Ky., by 
Home Guards July 29th. 

Coggin's Point, Va., July 31st. Thornton A. Jenkins, 
Virginia, senior naval officer present, repulsed the Con- 
federates. 

Orange C. H., Va., was occupied by Pope's troops Au- 
gust 2d. 

Combat of Baton Rouge, La., August 5th. Brecken- 
ridge, Confederate, unsuccessfully attacked Baton Rouge. 
The Arkansas had come down from Vicksburg to aid. 
The Confederates attacked and drove back the land force. 
W. D. Porter, Louisiana, in the Essex, contributed ma- 
terially to the defense. The Federals finally pushed the 
Confederates, who retired from the field. 

Porter, with the Essex, Cayuga and other vessels, en- 
gaged the Arkansas. The Arkansas was pierced through 
and through, disabling her steering gear. She went ashore 
and was set on fire and destroyed. D. McN. Fairfax, Vir- 
ginia, was engaged. 

George H. Thomas, Virginia, was in command at 
Decherd, August 5th to 15th. 

Battle of Cedar Mountain, or Cedar Run, Va., August 
9th. Jackson forced back Pope's advance force. S. S. 
Carroll, District of Columbia, and Chas. Candy, Kentucky, 
were engaged. 

Gallatin, Tenn., August 12th. Morgan had started on 
another raid. R. W. Johnson, Kentucky, commanding a 
cavalry force, was sent from McMinnville against Morgan 
August 11th, which placed him between Morgan and For- 
rest. He attacked Morgan at Gallatin, was defeated and 
retreated. Morgan pursued, attacked, and received the 
surrender of Johnson and the men remaining with him, 
about 75 in number. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 97 

Manassas Campaign of 1862. 

The Army of the Potomac evacuated Harrison's Land- 
ing August 16th. It moved back down the Peninsula, took 
ship, and, as fast as the troops debarked on the Potomac, 
they were hurried to unite with Pope's army. 

August 16th Wm. Nelson, Kentucky, was given two 
field-batteries and some experienced cavalry and infantry 
officers, and sent to Kentucky, to organize troops, re- 
establish communications, and operate against the Con- 
federate cavalry. He was relieved of command of the 4th 
division, Ammen succeeding him. Kirby Smith was then 
in motion toward central Kentucky. Nelson took charge 
of affairs in that State, and organized the fresh troops 
assembling for its defense. On reaching Kentucky, Nel- 
son was ordered to proceed to Lexington and assume com- 
mand of troops there, at Lebanon and elsewhere around. 
Nelson ordered troops to Richmond, Ky. 

Farragut sent an expedition which successfully attacked 
Corpus Christi, August 16th to 20th, 1862. Galveston, 
Sabine Pass and Corpus Christi fell into Federal hands 
within a short time, through the operations of his vessels. 

Tennessee and Kentucky Campaign. Instead of longer 
interposing between the Army of the Ohio and the lower 
South, or defending Chattanooga by occupying it, Bragg 
planned to get by the Army of the Ohio and push across 
Tennessee, keeping undisclosed whether he designed the 
capture of Nashville, or to move to the east of it and 
occupy Kentucky. E. Kirby Smith preceded him, enter- 
ing southeastern Kentucky, and marching upon Lexington 
and Covington, opposite Cincinnati. The cavalry raids of 
Morgan and Forrest were preliminary to the grand army 
movement. Kirby Smith reached Barboursville August 
18th, in rear of the Federals at Cumberland Gap. Fed- 
erals occupied Rogers' and Big Creek Gaps in Smith's rear, 
and he advanced boldly into the rich portion of Ken- 
tucky. 

Alfred Pleasanton, District of Columbia, was engaged 



98 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

in covering the withdrawal of the Army of the Potomac to 
Yorktown, August 18th and 19th. J. L. Reno, Virginia, 
was in the movement to Newport News and the Rappa- 
hannock. He was given command of the 9th corps in 
August. 

August 19th, the Department of the Ohio was formed 
of the States of Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Mis- 
souri and Kentucky east of the Tennessee River, and in- 
cluding Cumberland Gap. 

Thomas was in command at McMinnville August 19th 
to September 3d. Bragg started troops from Chattanooga 
to crossing the Tennessee River the 19th. Thomas recon- 
noitered thoroughly to the south and east. 

Edgefield Junction, Tenn., August 20th. Morgan was 
not checked until he reached Edgefield Junction, a few 
miles north of Nashville. Forrest swept around Nashville, 
and Morgan remained north of Nashville. 

The Alabama arrived at Azores, August 20th, and took 
on her armament of eight guns and stores from a transport 
which had preceded her. She entered upon her Confed- 
erate career as a commerce-destroyer. 

Gallatin, Tenn., surrendered to the Confederates August 
21st. 

Henry M. Judah, Maryland, was in command of Fort 
Denison from August 23d to September 5th. 

August 23d W. D. Porter, Louisiana, left Baton Rouge 
in the Essex, and followed the Confederate gunboat Webb 
to Vicksburg. 

Jackson turned west, marched around Pope's army, 
crossed its rear east-bound, and reached Manassas Junc- 
tion to the northeast between Pope and Washington the 
night of August 26th, capturing the army supplies, hav- 
ing occupied Bristoe during the day. 

Action of Kettle Run or Bristoe Station, August 27th. 
Pope moved troops quickly to Bristoe, where they attacked 
Ewell, left there by Jackson, who separated his forces, 
moving them to the west and north. Pope captured some 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 99 

prisoners at Bristoe Station, Ewell having withdrawn un- 
der fire. 

Action of Thoroughfare Gap, evening of August 27th, 
and August 28th. John Buford, Kentucky, was engaged. 
Lee was hurrying the rest of his army on Jackson's track, 
to pass through Thoroughfare Gap and unite with Jack- 
son. 

Bragg's army was fairly started on his campaign Au- 
gust 28th. 

Combat of Groveton, Va., August 28th. Troops moved 
by Pope encountered Jackson. Pope's troops fought at 
Gainesville, Germantown and near Centreville that day. 

T. J. Wood, Kentucky, was employed in pursuit and 
driving away of Forrest's brigade of cavalry, August 29th. 



CHAPTER IV 

Second Bull Run — Richmond, Ky. — Chantilly — 
South Mountain — Harper's Ferry — Sharpsburg — Cor- 
inth — Hatchie Bridge — Perryville — Prairie Grove 

— Fredericksburg — Chickasaw Bluffs — Murfreesboro 

— Arkansas Post — Charleston — Port Gibson. 

Battle of Second Bull Run or Manassas, August 29th 
and 30th. The Confederates faced east. At first Bull 
Run they faced to the west when the Federals advanced 
to the attack from that direction, so that the positions 
of the combatants were reversed in the second battle. On 
the 29th Reno, with the 9th corps, reenforced the troops 
on the field. Most of his corps had been pushed into 
action by noon. Besides the 9th corps, he commanded 
another division during the battle. Pope arrived on the 
field about noon. He was concentrating to defeat Jackson 
before Lee could join, but Lee was already in touch. 
Reno's corps, with two other divisions, assaulted about 1 
p. m. At 5 p. m. Reno was in an attack on Hill, which 
forced his lines back, Jackson's left being pressed toward 
his center. 

Second Bull Run, August 30th. Reno, on the Federal 
right, was in the assault in the morning. Buchanan, Mary- 
land, rendered brave and strong service on the Federal 
left. Jackson, badly shaken, yet held a line against Pope's 
heavy assaults. The Confederate army was united and 
Longstreet, on Jackson's right, helped repulse the as- 
sailants. Reno was withdrawn from the right center late 
in the afternoon and thrown into action on the left. Lee 
made a general attack, and succeeded. Buchanan's bri- 
gade fought hard on the extreme left to preserve the line 

100 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 101 

of retreat by the turnpike and stone bridge. Reno re- 
mained on the Henry house hill until about 9 p. m. and 
covered the retreat. His corps fought well. Reno was 
soldierly. D. B. Bimey, Alabama, fought with credit. 
Wm. Birney, Alabama, was conspicuous. John Buford, 
Kentucky, commanding Pope's cavalry, was cool, judicious 
and brave. Wm. Chapman, Maryland, was engaged. 

Some of T. J. Wood's cavalry worsted Forrest at Me- 
Minnville August 30th. 

August 30th orders were given for the concentration 
at Murfreesboro of the Army of the Ohio, at the time 
disposed west of Chattanooga. 

When Kirby Smith was reported moving toward Louis- 
ville, Wm. Nelson, Kentucky, was dispatched to Louisville 
to defend it. He went on to Lexington, and collected 
some troops. 

Battle of Richmond, or Kingston, Ky., August 30th. 
The battle started at Kingston, near Richmond. Smith 
had succeeded in coming into contact with the army hastily 
assembled. The Federal left moved forward to turn the 
Confederate right. This was met by Smith, who then 
sent a brigade to turn the Federal right. The Federals 
still advanced their left, but were checked and finally forced 
back. The Confederates gained the Federal right, and 
broke it in a charge. 

Two miles farther north, the Federals made a stand, 
and the Confederates struck their right again, while at- 
tacking in front. The Federals were routed, and fell back 
in front of Richmond. Nelson arrived and directed the 
formation of a line near the town. He judiciously se- 
lected a commanding ridge close to Richmond for the 
stand, both flanks resting on woods. Smith again at- 
tacked in front while flanking and Nelson retreated. A 
force of Confederates had been sent early in the morning 
to gain the rear of Richmond, and they increased the dis- 
order. In the battle J. J. Landram, Kentucky, had sev- 
eral horses shot under him. He received a severe wound 



102 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

in the head, partly blinding and incapacitating him for 
further active service. Nelson was wounded. Smith con- 
tinued north to Lexington. Nelson returned to Louisville, 
took command there and organized, from every direction, 
30,000 to 40,000 troops. During September the greater 
portion of Smith's army remained in the vicinity of Lex- 
ington. He sent Heth's troops north. 

In August George B. Balch, Tennessee, naval officer, 
ascended Black River 25 miles, drove a Confederate bat- 
tery from its earthworks and engaged infantry on the 
bluffs. 

Hindman, Confederate, commenced to move north with 
7,000 men early in September for southwest Missouri. 

Battle of Chantilly, or Ox Hill, Va., September 1st. 
Jackson had gone on another turning movement around 
Pope's right. Just before sunset Reno met Jackson's ad- 
vance, Pope having sent a force to meet such a move. 

A division of Reno's corps drove two of A. P. Hill's 
brigades back in much confusion. The Federals were 
forced back in disorder, and the brigade of D. B. Birney, 
Alabama, was sent to the front. Birney, coming into 
command of a division, at once made a bayonet charge 
with his own brigade, which gained some ground. Birney 
held some of the ground that night. Wm. Birney, Ala- 
bama, was engaged. 

John Newton, Virginia, served in handling troops in the 
retreat from Bull Run to Washington, September 1st and 
2d. 

Federals evacuated Lexington, Ky., September 1st. 

In September, 1862, J. McA. Palmer, Kentucky, was 
given command of the 1st division of the Army of the 
Mississippi. 

September 1st Bragg telegraphed Price, informing him 
that the Army of the Ohio was retiring upon Nashville, and 
that he must watch the army west of the Tennessee River 
to prevent its junction ; or, if it should escape, follow it 
closely. Martial law was declared in Cincinnati Septem- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 103 

ber 2d. Kirby Smith occupied Lexington, Ky., September 
2d. 

S. P. Lee, Virginia, was appointed acting rear-admiral 
September 2d. 

Bragg entered Kentucky September 5th. The Army of 
the Ohio reached Murfreesboro the same day. Bragg's 
movement impelled the detachment of two divisions to it 
from west of the Tennessee. It moved on to Nashville. 
The way was clear to Bragg. While the Army was at 
Murfreesboro, information was received of Nelson's defeat 
at Richmond, and that Bragg's course indicated invasion 
of Kentucky. 

S. P. Lee, Virginia, relieved Goldsborough of the com- 
mand of the North Atlantic Squadron September 5th. 
Lee held it until October 12th, 1864. He was engaged in 
blockading the coasts of Virginia and North Carolina, and 
cooperating with the armies in the defense of Norfolk, 
New Bern and Washington, N. C, fighting iron-clads and 
heavy fortifications in Trent's Reach, and field batteries 
along the line of communication of the Army on James 
River, which he held continuously. He arranged and 
maintained an extensive blockade, originating the system 
of a girdle of cruisers, which baffled the Confederates in 
their efforts to obtain foreign recruits, supplies and muni- 
tions of war. 54 blockade runners were captured or de- 
stroyed by the Squadron under Lee. Besides blockading, 
it was engaged in 91 actions and expeditions during his 
command. 

Maryland Campaign. R. E. Lee entered Maryland 
September 5th. A. W. Bradford, Maryland, Governor 
of Maryland, issued a proclamation for the enrollment of 
Marylanders in military organizations. Volunteers were 
so organized. 

Henry M. Judah, Maryland, was in command of Cov- 
ington, Ky., September 5th to 8th. Heth's troops reached 
the suburbs of Covington September 6th. Troops were 
rushed to Cincinnati by the Federals. 



104 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Washington, N. C, September 6th. During the siege 
of Washington W. P. McCann, Kentucky, had command 
of five gunboats. 

Lee occupied Frederick, Md., September 6th. 

W. D. Porter, Louisiana, in the Essex, returning from 
Vicksburg, was fired upon by the Port Hudson batteries 
September 7th. 

John Pope was in command of the Department of the 
Northwest, September 7th, 1862, to January 30th, 1865. 

By order of September 7th Thomas was assigned to 
the command of Nashville with his, Palmer's and a third 
division, retaining it to September 14th. Bragg had 
crossed the Cumberland River at Carthage and was mov- 
ing rapidly toward Louisville. The Army of the Ohio 
raced with him. Breckenridge was left to operate against 
and invest Nashville. Bragg's troops tore up the railroad 
track between Franklin and Bowling Green. 

Alfred Pleasanton, District of Columbia, was in com- 
mand of the advance cavalry division in the Maryland 
campaign. He was engaged in driving Confederates from 
Poolsville September 8th, and from Barnesville and Sugar 
Loaf Mountain September 9th to 11th. 

Humphrey Marshall, Confederate, moved into Kentucky 
through Pound Gap after Smith secured a hold in Ken- 
tucky. The Government of Kentucky sought refuge at 
Louisville. 

September 10th Beauregard received orders in Mobile 
assigning him to command of the Department of South 
Carolina and Georgia, headquarters Charleston. 

A. Pleasanton drove Confederates from Frederick City 
and through Cactochin Pass, September 12th, 1862. 

Harper's Ferry, September 12th to 15th. Lee disposed 
troops to capture the force at Harper's Ferry. Some 
occupied the heights opposite Harper's Ferry on the north 
side of the Potomac; some occupied Loudoun Heights in 
Virginia just to the east of Harper's Ferry, while Jackson 
marched from Maryland, crossing the Potomac west of 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 105 

Harper's Ferry, and marching east to help surround it on 
the west and south. 

September 12th Thomas was ordered to join the main 
army. 

The head of Bragg's army appeared at Munfordville 
September 13th. 

The Confederates attacked Harper's Ferry September 
13th. 

Action at Munfordville September 13th and 14th. The 
Confederates were repulsed. 

Sterling Price entered Iuka, Miss., unresisted September 
14th. The Federals had sent three divisions to the Army 
of the Ohio, retaining two west of Iuka. Hurlbut, South 
Carolina, was ordered to make a strong demonstration to- 
ward Grand Junction. He was at Bolivar. 

Harper's Ferry attack continued September 14th. B. 
F. Davis, Alabama, escaped with cavalry, cut his way 
through the Confederate lines, captured an ordnance train 
of Longstreet, and reached Greencastle, Pa., September 
15th. 

E. O. C. Ord, Maryland, commanded the left wing in 
the operations in Mississippi in August and September, 
1862. He commanded the district of Jackson, Tenn., in 
September and October, 1862. 

Battles of South Mountain or Boonsboro, September 
14th. 

Turner's Gap. A. Pleasanton, District of Columbia, 
had learned the ground the day before by reconnoissance, 
and posted the advance troops of Reno's corps on the 
south side of the pike. Reno went to the front, assumed 
direction of affairs, and opened the battle. Fox's Gap is 
one mile south of Turner's Gap. Both gaps were occu- 
pied by Confederates. Reno outflanked the Confederates 
at Fox's Gap, his troops advancing on the ridge of the 
mountain from the south by a road which crossed the one 
through Fox's Gap, while he attacked also from the east. 
Pleasanton was in the battle. His batteries were well 



106 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

served this a. m. Confederate Garland's brigade was routed 
from near Fox's Gap on the ridge. Reno's corps and 
another forced the Gap, and some of his troops 
carried the crest of Fox's Gap. His corps drove Confed- 
erates from heights on one side of the main pike. He 
broke the Confederate left. The Confederates lost a com- 
manding hill on their left before night. Confederate 
Drayton's brigade was driven west from about Fox's Gap. 
The Confederates held the field generally till night. Reno 
was killed about 7 p. m., while bravely leading his men. 
Lee ordered withdrawal after 9 p. m. 

Crampton's Gap. Confederates were posted near the 
eastern base of the mountain. The head of the Federal 
corps came upon the Confederate cavalry supported by 
infantry about noon. John Newton, Virginia, occupied 
the center. His activity was conspicuous. Two of his 
regiments reenforced the leading brigade on the left. His 
brigade helped take the Gap and he fought with credit. 
Confederates were dislodged from a stone wall and pursued 
to the crest and down the opposite side. Four hundred 
prisoners were taken in the battle. At South Mountain, 
French, Maryland; Getty, District of Columbia; John 
Ruf ord, Jr., Kentucky ; W. A. Gorman, Kentucky ; Ho- 
ratio G. Gibson, Maryland; Sol. Meredith, North Carolina, 
and Carr R. White, Kentucky, were engaged. 

Harper's Ferry capitulated to Jackson about 8 a. m., 
September 15th. D. S. Miles, Maryland, commanding the 
post, was mortally wounded. John R. Kenly, Maryland, 
was engaged. 

In skirmish of Roonsboro September 15th, A. Pleasan- 
ton, District of Columbia, drove back Confederate cavalry. 
John C. Tidball, Virginia, was engaged. 

Confederates attempted to blockade the Ohio River, Sep- 
tember 15th. Thomas left Nashville that day to join the 
army at Munfordville. 

Rragg reached Munfordville September 16th and at- 
tacked the Federals. They surrendered to the number of 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 107 

4,076 that evening. Nelson commanded at Louisville 
while the Confederates were approaching. 

Battle of Sharpsburg or Antietam, Md., September 16th 
and 17th. There was some fighting by the Federal right 
on the 16th. The Confederate left was reached in the 
r. m. and engaged. 

Sharpsburg, September 17th. The battle opened with 
an advance by the Federal right. The regular brigade 
of Robt. C. Buchanan, Maryland, reenforced A. Pleasan- 
ton, who had crossed some cavalry and batteries over 
Boonsboro bridge. They felt the Confederate line heav- 
ily. Confederates were pushed back to the wood around 
Dunker church. French, commanding a division, fought 
in the center at the sunken road, or bloody lane. He at- 
tacked, and after fierce fighting drove the Confederates 
from about the Roulette and Clipp farm buildings. The 
Confederates were pressed slowly back by his and another 
division till they lost the sunken road. French took some 
prisoners. He made a second advance to help relieve the 
right. He performed valiant and useful service. New- 
ton, Virginia; Tidball, Virginia, and A. Pleasanton were 
brave and efficient. Wm. Hays, Virginia, commanded the 
artillery reserve of the 5th corps. John Buford, Jr., Ken- 
tucky ; Sol. Meredith, North Carolina ; W. A. Gorman, 
Kentucky; Getty; Carr B. White, Kentucky; Wm. M. 
Graham, District of Columbia ; H. G. Gibson, Maryland ; 
Wm. Harrow, Kentucky ; C. M. Prevost, Maryland, and 
B. F. Davis, Alabama, were engaged. 

Federals evacuated Cumberland Gap the night of Sep- 
tember 17th. It appeared there was no chance of escape, 
but the topographical engineer had been geologist of Ken- 
tucky, was thoroughly familiar with the country, and con- 
ducted the retreat through eastern Kentucky to the Ohio 
River. The command was made up of Kentucky and Ten- 
nessee regiments. S. P. Carter, Tennessee; J. G. Spears, 
Tennessee, and D. W. Lindsey, Kentucky, held commands. 

O. McK. Mitchel, Kentucky, was in command of the De- 



108 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

partment of the South and 10th corps, September 17th 
to October 30th, 1862. 

Chas. Steedman, South Carolina, silenced batteries of 
St. John's Bluff, Fla., September 17th. 

Lee remained in line at Sharpsburg the 18th and crossed 
to the west side of the Potomac that night. 

September 18th Ord was advanced to within six miles of 
Iuka. 

The Confederates evacuated Harper's Ferry September 
19th. 

September 19th Confederates attacked Owensboro, Ky., 
and were repulsed. 

Battle of Iuka, September 19th. Price's pickets were 
driven in by the Federal advance at 2 p. m. The Confed- 
erates gained ground during the day, but withdrew near 
morning. Jas. S. Jackson, Kentucky, was engaged. 

Actions at Shepherdstown Ford, Blackford's or Boteler's 
Ford, Va., September 19th to 21st. The Federals who 
had crossed to the Virginia side were driven back across the 
Potomac. A. Pleasanton and Tidball were engaged. 

Iuka, September 20th. Ord, Maryland, was ordered in 
the morning to push forward. He had been ordered to 
await battle from the south, and it was not known the day 
before that battle had been waged by the other Federal 
body from the south. Ord entered Iuka that day. 

Thomas joined the main army with his divisions Septem- 
ber 20th. 

Bragg had been directly between the Army of the Ohio 
and Louisville. He got out of the way, and moved north- 
east to Bardstown, and the Army of the Ohio moved for 
Louisville September 22d. The leading column reached 
Louisville the 25th. 

Price effected a junction with Van Dorn at Ripley Sep- 
tember 28th. 

The last of the Federal army reached Louisville Sep- 
tember 29th. Thomas received the appointment that day 
to command the Army of the Ohio and declined it. He 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 109 

was made second in command next day. After reaching 
Louisville the army was formed into three corps, and T. L. 
Crittenden, Kentucky, was given command of one of them. 

Action near Newtonia, Mo., September 30th. The Fed- 
erals were driven back. Geo. H. Hall, Virginia, hearing 
artillery firing, hastily marched to the battlefield. The 
Federals were retreating. He broke the Confederate pur- 
suit. 

J. J. Abercrombie, Tennessee, in defense of Washington, 
was in command of works about Chain Bridge, September, 
1862, to April, 1863. 

W. H. Emory, Maryland, organized an infantry division 
at Baltimore in October and November, 1862. 

October 1st the Army of the Ohio commenced its march 
from Louisville upon Bragg at Bardstown. Bragg and 
Kirby Smith had not united, and a force was sent to hold 
Smith. Thomas was instructed to move with Crittenden's 
corps, on the Lebanon and Danville road. 

St. John's River Expedition. A combined army force 
under J. M. Brannan, District of Columbia, and navy force 
under Chas. Steedman, South Carolina, sailed from Hilton 
Head October 1st. They opened fire on Confederate forti- 
fications at St. John's Bluff the 2d and reduced them on 
the 3d. 

Hurlbut telegraphed information to the Army at Corinth, 
Miss., October 2d that Van Dora and Price were at Poca- 
hontas. 

The troops from Cumberland Gap reached the Ohio 
River at Greenupsburg October 3d. They embarked for 
Vicksburg during the fall. 

Expedition against Franklin, on Blackwater River, Vir- 
ginia, under command of C. W. Flusser, Maryland, three 
vessels, October 3d. His vessel, Commodore Perry, fired 
on by soldiers, ran ashore. He fought hard and shelled 
Franklin. 

Battle of Corinth, Miss., October 3d and 4th, 1862. A 
Federal brigade was sent to the northwest, which was at- 



110 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

tacked and fell back. R. J. Oglesby, Kentucky, was the 
first to receive the Confederate attack. He was fairly 
formed to meet it, despite the suddenness. He was des- 
perately wounded. The Federals occupied their inner line 
of fortifications at the close of the day. 

Corinth, October 4th, — a severe battle. The Confed- 
erates carried some of the intrenchments, but were forced 
back and retreated west. 

Newtonia. The Confederates retreated October 4th 
without accepting battle, the Federals having been reen- 
forced. The Confederates retired into northwestern Ar- 
kansas after this. Federals entered Arkansas. Afterward 
they followed Cooper, Confederate, into the Indian Terri- 
tory. 

October 4th, Hawes was installed as Confederate provi- 
sional governor of Kentucky at Frankfort, the army pro- 
tecting. Bragg had been disappointed at not receiving 
Kentucky accessions. 

Combat of Hatchie Bridge, October 5th. S. A. Hurl- 
but, South Carolina, came south from Bolivar, led the pur- 
suit of Van Dorn, and met him at Hatchie Bridge, striking 
the head of the column and intercepting the retreat. Ord, 
arriving from Jackson, Tenn., assumed command, and 
drove back troops that had crossed the bridge. He was 
wounded severely and the command devolved on Hurlbut. 
The Confederates continued their retreat by another road. 

St. John's River Expedition. Steedman, with Brannan's 
cooperation, captured a battery at St. John's Bluff Octo- 
ber 5th, and made a demonstration with gunboats 200 miles 
up St. John's River. They had caused the Confederates 
to evacuate Jacksonville. Steedman held the St. John's 
River to Lake Beaufort. 

The Confederates evacuated Lexington October 7th. 

Farragut sent an expedition which took possession of 
Galveston October 8th. John Guest, Missouri, commanded 
the Owosco at the capture of the forts at Galveston. 

Battle of Perryville or Chaplin Hills, Ky., October 8th. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 111 

Jas. S. Jackson, Kentucky, with raw troops, held the left 
flank ; Rousseau, Kentucky, was next. Rousseau moved 
his right forward a half mile for water. Confederates ap- 
peared and Rousseau brought up his other two brigades. 
There was artillery firing. After 2 p. m. the Confederates 
attacked, and J. S. Jackson was killed at the first fire while 
leading his men. The Federal left was turned and the line 
gave way. The Confederates were checked later. Rous- 
seau repulsed strong attacks. He was finally forced back. 
The Confederate line advanced nearly a mile. The battle 
was fought mostly by Rousseau's and Jackson's divisions. 
W. R. Terrill, Virginia, showed bravery. He was killed 
in a rear position while urging forward his brigade. Both 
the left and right flanks of the corps were turned. Rous- 
seau was resourceful. When the right was turned he had 
a battery of six guns stop the advance. His intrepidity 
was recognized. A brigade of T. J. Wood's division, Crit- 
tenden's corps, did good service. S. S. Fry, E. H. Hob- 
son, Durbin Ward and Eli Long, all of Kentucky, were 
engaged. Curran Pope, Kentucky, commanding a brigade, 
was mortally wounded. 

Lawrenceburg, Ky., October 8th and 9th. A portion of 
Kirby Smith's army did some fighting. On the 9th Bragg 
marched to unite with Smith, and then remained eight miles 
from Perryville for two days. Bragg commenced a retro- 
grade movement, and, at Harrodsburg, Ky., October 11th, 
his rear-guard was attacked, and he lost 1,200 men, mostly 
sick and wounded. 

At Stanford, Ky., October 13th, T. J. Wood, Kentucky, 
engaged Confederate artillery and cavalry, and pursued the 
Confederates. 

The Army of the Ohio followed Bragg as far as London, 
Ky., and then turned toward middle Kentucky. Thomas 
was left in chief command with the army. He conducted 
it toward Bowling Green and Glasgow, under orders. 

October 21st, Confederates near Nashville were attacked 
and driven. 



112 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

J. A. McClernand, Kentucky, was authorized October 
21st to raise and organize troops to aid him in an expedi- 
tion against Vicksburg and to open the Mississippi River 
to New Orleans. He concentrated troops at Memphis. 
The plan was for him to move south and another army 
was to move up from New Orleans, and the two were to be 
combined. 

St. John's River Expedition. Action of Pocotaligo, 
October 24th. J. M. Brannan, District of Columbia, com- 
manding the land force in the expedition to St. John's 
River, defeated the Confederates under Walker, and drove 
them to Pocotaligo bridge. He successfully retreated to 
Broad River before a large force. Guy V. Henry, Indian 
Territory, and J. R. Hawley, North Carolina, were en- 
gaged. 

October 30th the name " Army of the Ohio " was aban- 
doned. The troops of the Department were designated as 
the 14th army corps. This name soon gave place to 
" Army of the Cumberland." Thomas was charged with 
keeping open the line of railroad communication between 
Louisville and Nashville. He organized cavalry and di- 
rected them to pursue Morgan. 

Jacob Ammen, Virginia, was in command of Covington, 
Ky., Camp Denison, O., and Camp Douglas, 111., October 
30th, 1862, to April 14th, 1863. 

Benj. F. Sands, Maryland, was senior officer command- 
ing a division in the blockade of Wilmington, N. C, No- 
vember, 1862, to February, 1865. 

Leaving Grand Junction November 4th, the Army of the 
Tennessee advanced toward Holly Springs. McClernand 
was concentrating at Memphis a large force, which was to 
move by the river and cooperate against Vicksburg. 

Confederates were repulsed at Nashville, November 5th. 
The Federals had moved quickly enough to prevent Bragg 
from occupying Nashville. Bragg moved to Murfreesboro. 

November 7th, the army was reorganized : Thomas was 
assigned to the center and Crittenden to the left wing. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 113 

Part of the army reached Nashville November 9th. 
Crittenden came from around Glasgow. 

H. K. Davenport, Georgia, was in charge of the North 
Carolina sounds November 10th. 

Fredericksburg Campaign. The Army of the Potomac 
began its march November 15th from Warrenton toward 
Fredericksburg. There was an artillery duel near Fred- 
ericksburg the 17th. Lee reached the hills around 
Fredericksburg November 21st, p. m. 

Mississippi expedition sailed from New York for New 
Orleans December 4th-6th. 

Prairie Grove, Ark., December 7th. Hindman had 
marched against the Federals. Troops were coming from 
the north by the Fayetteville road to reenforce the Fed- 
erals. Hindman kept dismounted cavalry in front of the 
Federal line, skirmishing, while he moved along the Fay- 
etteville road against the advancing force, past the Federal 
flank. This force wished to cross the creek, but the ford 
was commanded by Confederate artillery. John C. Black, 
Mississippi, and another command and artillery were moved 
on the right by a road cut through the timber and crossed 
Illinois Creek there to attract the attention of the Confed- 
erates, cause them to remove some of the artillery bearing 
upon the regular ford, and enable the main force to cross 
at the regular ford. Eighteen guns were, in consequence, 
gotten across the creek. Then W. W. Orme, District of 
Columbia, moved forward and crossed the creek at the 
regular ford, under a heavy fire from the Confederate ar- 
tillery, and immediately prepared for action. His artillery 
opened fire upon the Confederate batteries and position. 
Orme was in the left wing, which moved forward. He 
forced his opponents back. The Confederates advanced 
against the left. Orme so placed artillery that the Con- 
federates were driven back. His infantry forced them 
further back. His troops were afterward forced back with 
loss. Black and others were brought to their assistance 
and charged. Black, with bravery, captured a battery, 



114 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

being severely wounded. Orme led his troops in person 
and succeeded in checking and driving back the advancing 
line. But the Confederates pushed them again. They 
were aided with reinforcements while retreating, but were 
forced back. Hindman countercharged, but Orme's and 
other guns stopped his troops. About 2 o'clock the other 
Federal body approached. Federal cavalry had threat- 
ened Hindman's train, causing him to detach a division to 
protect it. 

On the Federal right wing, the opposing forces advanced 
and met. The Confederates were forced back there, then 
the Federals. The Confederates were checked with artillery 
brought forward and forced back. Federal infantry there 
advanced repeatedly, but could not pass the summit of the 
hill, on account of the deadly musketry fire. The Federals 
advanced again at twilight, and Frost, Confederate, com- 
menced moving rapidly around the Federal right flank. 
The Federals fell back within range of their guns, which 
drove the Confederates with grape and cannister. The 
Confederates commenced to withdraw about midnight. 
The Federal army was largely southern. After the battle, 
the Confederates fell back, reaching Little Rock near the 
middle of January. 

Expedition against Vicksburg from Memphis, Decem- 
ber, 1862. Walke, Virginia, was sent ahead with six 
vessels to clear the Yazoo River and cover the landing of 
the army. This was well performed. 

December 11th and 12th Walke made expeditions up the 
Yazoo River to destroy batteries, in preparation for the 
assault upon Chickasaw Bluffs. He sent tin-clads to de- 
stroy the torpedoes. December 12th gunboats were sent. 
One was blown up and later the whole fleet worked there. 

The Army of the Potomac bombarded Fredericksburg 
December 11th. The work of constructing bridges was 
delayed by the fire of Confederates from near the edge of 
Fredericksburg. December 11th and 12th were spent in 
crossing the river. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 115 

Battle of Fredericksburg, Va., December 13th, 1862. 
The Federal left moved to the attack at 8 :30 a. m. 
Troops pressed through a gap between two Confederate 
brigades. They stopped at the second line, and were 
struck also on the flanks in retiring. Some of the troops 
of D. B. Birney's division were thrown forward in sup- 
port, but were also overpowered. However, the arrival 
of his division at the crisis during the Confederate pur- 
suit gave it a chance to occupy the line of battle, and 
materially aided in saving a threatened battery, the Con- 
federates faced by it falling back to their line. 

The army made successive vain attempts against the 
Confederate left center, French's division participating. 
He made the first attack on Marye's Heights. Getty was 
in the attack there later. Getty and Newton commanded 
divisions in the battle, and A. Pleasanton a cavalry division. 
Wm. Birney, Alabama, was wounded. John Buford, Ken- 
tucky, was conspicuous. Robt. C. Buchanan, Maryland; 
S. S. Carroll, District of Columbia; H. G. Gibson, Mary- 
land; Wm. Hays, Virginia; Gabriel R. Paul, Missouri; 
J. C. Tidball, Virginia ; Kenner Garrard, Kentucky ; and 
Sol. Meredith, North Carolina, were engaged. D. R. 
Ransom, North Carolina, was brave and efficient. Henry 
A. Morrow, Virginia, was valiant. 

Aaron W. Weaver, District of Columbia, was in an en- 
gagement with Confederate batteries near Port Hudson, 
December 14th. 

The Army of the Potomac recrossed the river at Fred- 
ericksburg the night of December 15th. 

Under date of December 18th, 1862, McClernand was 
put in command of the 13th corps and Hurlbut of the 
16th. 

Vicksburg Campaign of 1862. An army moved down 
the Mississippi from Memphis against Vicksburg December 
20th. Van Dora captured Holly Springs, Miss., and the 
supplies of the West Tennessee Army there December 20th. 
Forrest raided into west Tennessee, breaking its communi- 



116 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

cations. These prevented that army from cooperating 
with the other against Vicksburg. 

December 21st S. P. Carter, Tennessee, with T. T. 
Garrard, Kentucky, and three cavalry regiments, made his 
way from Lebanon, Ky., through the Cumberland Moun- 
tains into southwest Virginia and Tennessee destroying 
railroad tracks down toward Knoxville, Tenn., and bridges 
on the Tennessee & Virginia Railroad, and returned to Ken- 
tucky via Jonesville, Va. This was an important raid, 
with valuable results. It afforded relief to the Army of 
the Cumberland when pressed at Murfreesboro, and had an 
inspiring effect upon cavalry commands. 

E. H. Hobson. Kentucky, attacked Morgan six miles from 
Munfordville. 

Action of Knob Gap, December 26th, 1862. The Fed- 
erals attacked the Confederates, W. E. Woodruff, Ken- 
tucky, participating. 

Murfreesboro Campaign. The Army of the Cumber- 
land started from Nashville December 26th toward Mur- 
freesboro. 

December 27th Federal troops from Prairie Grove 
marched on Van Buren, Ark. They occupied Van Buren 
next day and Hindman's force retreated. After the cap- 
ture of Van Buren, Marmaduke, Confederate, was sent 
against Springfield, Mo. C. B. Holland, Tennessee, com- 
manding enrolled Missouri militia of the district, took 
steps to collect his command there. 

Vicksburg Campaign. Walke's vessels, cooperating, 
attacked Haines' Bluff, a little north of Vicksburg, on 
the east bank of the Yazoo River, December 27th, 1862. 
Geo. M. Bache, District of Columbia, was engaged. The 
landing of the army at Chickasaw Bayou, below, was cov- 
ered by Walke's gunboats. 

Battle of Chickasaw Bluffs, Johnston's Landing, Miss., 
December 28th and 29th, 1862. This was an unsuccess- 
ful attack against Vicksburg. At Johnston's Landing 
F. P. Blair, Kentucky, commanding the right, led the way 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 117 

across the Bayou. His brigade was prominent in the as- 
sault. After crossing the Bayou, it reached the foot of 
the hills and took two lines of rifle pits. Blair fought 
hard to gain the crest. He lost one-third of his brigade. 
Jas. A. Williamson, Kentucky, led a brigade assault 
against a strong force well intrenched, and held his 
ground when all support had been withdrawn. He was 
seriously wounded. S. G. Burbridge, Kentucky, and W. 
J. Landram, Kentucky, commanded brigades. Thos. C. 
Fletcher, Missouri, was wounded, and D. W. Lindsey, Ken- 
tucky, was under fire. After the battle, the army was re- 
embarked and taken back to Milliken's Bend. 

Murfreesboro Campaign. Wheeler raided entirely 
around the Federal army, starting the night of Decem- 
ber 29th. S. S. Fry, Kentucky, commanded a division 
protecting communications at the time of the battle. 
December 30th a brigade crossed the river, leading the 
movement to occupy Murfreesboro with a division. T. J. 
Wood, Kentucky, received information through prisoners 
that Breckenridge's corps was present. Wood and Palmer, 
Kentucky, thought the brigade should be recalled. T. 
L. Crittenden, Kentucky, agreed with them, and suspended 
the movement. The brigade was recalled from a perilous 
situation. 

December 31st the act for the admission of West Vir- 
ginia as a State was approved by President Lincoln. It 
was afterward ratified by a convention and by the people 
of that region. 

Battle of Murfreesboro, December 31st-Jan. 3d. 
Bragg moved against the Federal right. A movement 
was started against the Confederate right. Bragg struck 
the right flank. Before the news had reached the Fed- 
eral left, Crittenden's corps, a division there had crossed 
the river. T. J. Wood, Kentucky, had withdrawn two 
brigades to follow. Palmer, next down the line, had made 
a slight advance early in the morning. Next in line was 
one division of Thomas' corps, with the other, Rousseau's, 



118 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

behind it. Then came the right wing — two divisions in 
line, with R. W. Johnson's, fortunately, behind. At early 
morn Bragg struck the right flank heavily. The end 
brigades in line were quickly broken. R. W. Johnson, 
Kentucky, had taken all precautions against surprise. At 
G :22 his outposts were driven in and cavalry attacked his 
extreme right. He formed and made a slight advance. 
The Confederates, working to the rear of the line, struck 
him. He ordered up his reserve brigade. All were com- 
pelled to fall back, outnumbered greatly and flanked. 
The line brigade of W. E. Woodruff, Kentucky, received 
the attack with veteran courage. 

In the second stage of the battle, Woodruff was among 
those attacked and aided in repulsing a Confederate at- 
tack. A second attack was repulsed. A third Confed- 
erate attack was successful. Woodruff's was the last bri- 
gade of his division to go. He retreated through the 
woods, then turned, and charged the pursuing Confed- 
erates with such vim that he regained his former position, 
but, being unsupported, could not hold it. The right wing 
was driven to the rear of Thomas, holding the center. 
After the right was turned, the left was recalled from its 
movement against the Confederate right. 

Third stage. When Thomas perceived that the di- 
vision immediately on his right had changed position with 
ominous portent, he ordered Rousseau to move two bri- 
gades to its right and rear. Its right flank, though ex- 
tending far back, was exposed. Hardee was moving to 
take Thomas in reverse. The Confederates were also mov- 
ing against his right flank and front. Rousseau's move 
checked the advance of the Confederates. A heavy con- 
flict ensued. Rousseau fought bravely and well. Wood- 
ruff, and a portion of R. W. Johnson's division, fell back 
to the right of Rousseau's division. Johnson won merit. 
Thomas repulsed the first attacks against him. The 
further break of the division now between Thomas' two 
divisions made a gap between Rousseau and his other di- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 119 

vision, into which the Confederates rushed. The flanks 
of both were in the air, and soon both were nearly sur- 
rounded. Thomas ordered two brigades of the line 
division to fall back. Rousseau led his reserves to the front 
and sent a battalion of regulars to the assistance of the 
other division, which had recoiled. Crittenden's early for- 
ward movement on the left had kept Breckenridge from 
adding to the mass attack which was so disastrously bear- 
ing back the Federal right and center. Saml. W. Price, 
Kentucky, commanding a brigade in Crittenden's corps, 
was ordered to hold the ford, and impressed that it must 
be done to the very last, to prevent the Confederates from 
flanking the Federal left. A new disposition had been 
made of all troops not on the battle front. Thomas re- 
ceived reinforcements from Crittenden. Thomas' two di- 
visions, and Palmer, the southernmost of Crittenden's 
divisions, were compelled to fight in all directions. After 
hard fighting, the three divisions were firmly connected. 
Thomas selected a new temporary and a new permanent 
line. He ordered his divisions to withdraw to form the 
new line. He first directed that a new line should be 
taken running along a depression in the open ground in 
rear of the cedar woods, to be held until the artillery could 
be retired to high ground near the Nashville turnpike 
selected for the new permanent line. He massed the ar- 
tillery on the heights. Rousseau withdrew under a heavy 
fire to the depression, asking the commander of the division 
of Crittenden's corps which had returned from across the 
river to move the division to his right. The Confederates 
came on, and much credit is due to Rousseau in the check- 
ing of them, giving time for the formation of the new line 
on the high ground. He charged desperately, hurling the 
Confederates back into the cedars. Four assaults had 
been made on his position. The attack from the front 
and flank struck Palmer, Kentucky, with great fury. He 
was so nearly enveloped that the reserve changed front 
to the rear. Part of his division which broke away fought 



120 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

its way to the new line on the high ground. Crittenden's 
troops were aligned and reenforced the troops on the new 
line. The stout defense of Thomas had enabled the right 
wing to partly reorganize and take place on the high line. 
Bragg now, while continuing up to the left wing, made 
dispositions to turn that also. Breckenridge crossed the 
river. Thos. J. Wood, Kentucky, made dispositions to 
meet the attack, placing batteries to fight the Confederate 
batteries across the river. The " Round Forest,'* high 
wooded ground at the railroad, was the objective of the 
Confederates as the key-point. They made repeated at- 
tacks on it. Crittenden, with his division commanders, 
bent his energies to throw together troops and batteries 
enough to hold the point. Wood held the extreme left. 
He helped well, though wounded in the foot at 10 a. m. 
He and Palmer managed their commands with judgment, 
skill and courage in the crisis. Hardee was now forced to 
take the defensive, Crittenden's other division and Rous- 
seau contributing largely to that result. The Confed- 
erate attack against the Federal left was repulsed. 
Palmer was seriously beset and received several supports 
from Wood. Kentucky troops here were hotly engaged. 
Missouri troops performed valuable service. Brecken- 
ridge, with four brigades, assailed the Federal left at the 
Round Forest. About the whole of the Federal line was 
at right angles to its original line and curved back. 
Palmer and Wood managed to withstand assaults. Palmer 
withstood terrific assaults in the final position. Critten- 
den's corps maintained its position. Thomas had helped 
form the line. Crittenden rode at the head of his troops 
for hours, and was under deadly fire. Confederate cavalry 
during the day passed entirely around the Federal army, 
striking at the trains. The deeds of Thomas, Crittenden, 
Rousseau, Palmer and Wood this day were heroic. After 
the day closed Thomas and Crittenden were against re- 
treat. E. H. Murray, Kentucky, fought bravely, com- 
manding cavalry, when the Confederates got in the Fed- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 121 

eral rear. That Thomas, with the third of the army to 
his right gone from its place, and with the accumulated 
mass of the Confederate army pressing on at flank and 
rear, and assailing the front, remained intrepid and so 
handled troops that a line opposed Bragg at the close of 
the day, stamped him with honor. 

Murfreesboro. There was little fighting January 1st. 
In the afternoon Crittenden moved troops across the river 
and formed battle line against Breckenridge. Confed- 
erate cavalry operated in the Federal rear. 

Galveston, Texas, January 1st. Magruder, Confed- 
erate, with ordinary river boats and troops, defeated the 
Federal vessels, sunk the gunboat Westfield, captured gun- 
boat Harriet Lane and the small land force, and received 
the surrender of Galveston. Farragut reestablished the 
blockade before the Harriet Lane could be converted into 
a Confederate cruiser. From January, 1863, Farragut 
was employed, in conjunction with the army, in forcing a 
way into the interior of Louisiana. T. A. Jenkins, Vir- 
ginia, on the Hartford was fleet captain of the West Gulf 
Blockading Squadron. 

Murfreesboro, January 2d. At 3 p. m. the Confed- 
erates advanced against the Federals who had crossed to 
the east side of Stone River. They broke the lines of S. 
W. Price, Kentucky, and others and followed to the river. 
T. L. Crittenden, Kentucky, to cover the retreat, appealed 
to his chief of artillery, and 58 guns were effectively 
massed against the victors. Musketry also played on 
them. Seven regiments from Thomas' corps crossed the 
river after the Confederate advance was stopped, charged, 
pursued the retiring Confederates, and the position was re- 
taken. The Federals intrenched a line on that side of the 
river. 

Murfreesboro. There was little fighting January 3d. 
At 6 p. m. Thomas threw forward two brigades, one un- 
der J. G. Spears, Tennessee, and drove the Confederates 
from the woods in their front and the intrenchments be- 



122 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

yond. Following this spirited attack, Bragg, with his po- 
sition endangered, withdrew during the night. He fell 
back behind Duck River at Manchester, Tullahoma and 
Shelbyville. 

During the battles of Murfreesboro, Thomas gave val- 
uable council. Palmer, Kentucky, was skillful. Eli Long, 
Kentucky, w T as wounded. W. C. Whittaker, Kentucky, 
and Durbin Ward, Kentucky, were engaged. S. S. Fry, 
Kentucky, commanded a division protecting communica- 
tions at the time of the battle. 

J. A. McClernand, Kentucky, arrived at Milliken's Bend 
January 3d, 1863, and assumed command next day, 
naming the army " Army of the Mississippi." On that 
day he embarked the army, 32,000 men, accompanied by a 
fleet of 3 iron-clads and 6 gunboats, in an expedition up 
the Arkansas River against Arkansas Post, Ark. 

Action of Springfield, Mo., January 7th and 8th, 1863. 
Marmaduke, Confederate, made the attack, which was re- 
pulsed. The Federal troops were largely Missourians. 
Geo. H. Flail, Virginia, was ordered with cavalry out to 
meet Marmaduke's advance. He engaged the Confeder- 
ates, then retired to the Federal line. Upon Shelby's ad- 
vance, Hall made a sortie. He helped repulse an attack 
on the Federal right. Marmaduke, unsuccessful, with- 
drew next day. 

January 9th, 1863, the Army of the Cumberland was 
organized as the 14th, 20th and 21st corps. 

Battle of Fort Hindman, Arkansas Post, Ark., January 
10th and 11th, 1863. McClernand disembarked his army 
near Arkansas Post January 10th. Iron-clads began the 
attack, Geo. M. Bache, District of Columbia, being among 
those engaged. 

Arkansas Post, January 11th. The Federal attack was 
renewed by both army and fleet. Chas. R. Ellet, District 
of Columbia, in the Monarch helped cut off retreat by 
the ferry. After a heavy bombardment of nearly four 
hours, the Confederates surrendered. S. G. Burbridge, 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 123 

Kentucky, led the charge preceding the surrender. His 
men were swarming over the intrenchments when the white 
flag was raised. Bache silenced guns. Wm. Vandever, 
Maryland, was conspicuous. F. P. Blair, Kentucky, W. 
J. Landram, Kentucky, and D. W. Lindsey, Kentucky, 
were engaged. McClernand took nearly 5,000 prisoners. 

The Cincinnati, commanded by Bache, and another ves- 
sel, went up the White River directly after this, W. A. 
Gorman, Kentucky, accompanying with troops in trans- 
ports. St. Charles, Ark., was taken. 

Action of Hartsville, Mo., January 11th, 1863. Mar- 
maduke attacked and gained an advantage over a small 
Federal command. 

"Mud March" against Lee. The Army of the Po- 
tomac marched to cross the river a few miles above Fred- 
ericksburg, January 20th and 21st, 1863. The elements 
rendered the roads practically impassable and the Army 
returned. 

The Army of the Mississippi returned to Milliken's 
Bend, and was employed until July in operations against 
Vicksburg. 

January 31st, 1863, Confederate rams Chicora and 
Palmetto State slipped out of Charleston harbor before 
day and attacked the blockading vessels. J. M. Frailey, 
Maryland, commanding the Quaker City, was among those 
who went to the assistance of the Keystone State when 
rendered helpless and effected a rescue. The Quaker City 
was partly disabled. One Federal steamer surrendered, 
and the others steamed out of range. 

Chas. R. Ellet, District of Columbia, in the ram Queen 
of the West ran the Vicksburg batteries the night of Feb- 
ruary 2d. Cotton bales, designed for protection, took 
fire and set fire to the vessel. The cotton was thrown 
overboard. Ellet went south to the Red River. He 
burnt three steamers ; returned, and captured two. 

The " Army of Kentucky," about 14,000 men, was com- 
bined with the Army of the Cumberland in February, 1863. 



124 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

February 3d the Mississippi River levee was cut at 
Yazoo Pass, giving a route from the north into the Yazoo 
River. 

Guy V. Henry, Indian Territory, was in command of a 
light brigade in the expedition to Florida, February 4th 
to April 24th, 1863. 

A secessionist convention at Frankfort, Kentucky, was 
dispersed by Federals, February 18th, 1863. 

Benj. F. Sands, Maryland, naval officer, was in an en- 
gagement at Fort Caswell February 23d. 

Henry M. Judah, Maryland, was in command of the 
District of Western Kentucky, February 25th to March 
1st, 1863. 

February 26th the Cherokee national council repealed 
the ordinance of secession. 

Suffolk, Va., Campaign. About February 26th, 1863, 
Longstreet was detached from Lee's army and placed in 
command of the Department of Virginia and North Caro- 
lina, with headquarters at Petersburg. 

Albert M. Powell, Maryland, was Chief of Artillery of 
the 17th corps from February, 1863, to July, 1864. 

Percival Drayton, South Carolina, with the Passaic, 
Patapsco and Nahant, engaged Fort McAllister, in the 
river below Savannah, Ga., March 3d, 1863. 

Combat of Thompson's Station, Tenn., March 4th and 
5th, 1863. L. D. Watkins, Florida, was engaged. 

Federals took Jacksonville, Fla., March 10th, 1863. 

Yazoo River Expedition from the North, combined mili- 
tary and naval force, March 11th, 1863. The fleet at- 
tacked Fort Pemberton, at the head of the Yazoo River, 
unsuccessfully. Jas. P. Foster, Kentucky, commanded 
the Chillicothe in the expedition down the Yazoo. The 
Chillicothe and another vessel attacked Fort Pemberton on 
three different days. The Chillicothe was damaged. 
The command of the expedition devolved latterly upon 
Foster. He performed valuable services. After the cut- 
ting of the levee, while the rushing waters of the Missis- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 125 

sippi were filling up a channel before reaching the normal, 
the Confederates had utilized the time in making their de- 
fenses on the Yazoo strong. 

Port Hudson, La., March 13th and 14th. In attack 
on the 13th, W. H. Emory, with one division, reached the 
rear of Port Hudson. 

Port Hudson, March 14th. The Federals moved to 
the rear — 12,000 men. Farragut ran the batteries that 
night with seven of his vessels, after a vigorous engage- 
ment, the Hartford leading. T. A. Jenkins, Virginia, 
commanded the Hartford. He was fleet captain and Far- 
ragut's chief of staff. C. R. Ellet commanded the Switzer- 
land. Farragut reached the mouth of Red River, and 
blockaded it till May 2d, 1863. The command of the 
Red River enabled the army to turn Port Hudson from 
the west by the Atchafalaya River. 

An expedition was engaged from March 14th to 27th 
in the attempt to reach Sunflower and Yazoo rivers above 
Haines' Bluff via Steele's Bayou and Deer Creek, thereby 
to avoid the Confederate defenses on Haines' Bluff in op- 
erations to the northeast against Vicksburg. Bache com- 
manded the Cincinnati in this expedition. 

Combat of New Bern, Defense of Fort Anderson, Neuse 
River, opposite New Bern, March 14th and 15th. Hill 
and Pettigrew, with 3,000 men and 18 guns, attacked. 
Henry K. Davenport, Georgia, commanding gunboats, suc- 
cessfully defended, silencing the guns, and saving the 
fort. The Hunchback was effective and the skill and 
vigor of naval officer W. P. McCann, Kentucky, were im- 
portant aids. 

March 18th, 1863, the House of Representatives of 
New Jersey passed peace resolutions. 

Thornton A. Jenkins, Virginia, engaged batteries at 
Grand Gulf March 19th. He engaged batteries at War- 
renton between March 21st and 28th. 

Passage of Vicksburg, March 25th, 1863. C. R. Ellet, 
District of Columbia, commanded the Switzerland, 



126 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Jenkins engaged batteries at Grand Gulf March 30th. 

Combat of Dutton's Hill, or Somerset, March 30th. 
Saml. P. Carter, Tennessee, was engaged. The Confed- 
erates retired after a five-hours' engagement. 

March 31st Confederates appeared near Washington, 
N. C. They resorted to siege methods for 18 days. H. 
K. Davenport sent vessels to protect it, including the 
Hunchback under McCann, Kentucky. 

Henry A. Morrow, Virginia, was employed in an ex- 
pedition to Port Royal, Va., in April, 1863. 

David G. Farragut, Tennessee, with the Hartford, T. 
A. Jenkins, Virginia; Switzerland, Chas. R. Ellet, and 
Albatross, engaged and passed the Grand Gulf batteries 
April 1st. He went on as far as the Red River, ravaged 
in it, and destroyed Confederate gunboats. 

Battle of Charleston, Bombardment of Forts Sumter, 
Moultrie and Beauregard, April 7th, 1863. Drayton, 
South Carolina, with the Passaic, was second in line. 
Five Federal vessels were disabled. The Keokuk sank 
next morning from the effects of the battle. John 
Rodgers, Maryland, commanded the Weehawken; D. McN. 
Fairfax, Virginia, Nantucket, and Thos. Turner, District 
of Columbia, New Ironsides. Turner handled his vessel 
with courage, judgment and ability. The Federal attack 
was unsuccessful. Turner was engaged in operations 
around Charleston till August, 1863. Ed. Barrett, 
Louisiana, assisted in the blockade of Charleston. 

The army in Louisiana started crossing the Mississippi 
River April 9th, and marched against Dick Taylor, Con- 
federate. 

Suffolk, Va., Campaign, Operations on the Blackwater 
River. Longstreet advanced April 11th and made un- 
successful attempts on the Federal lines. 

Suffolk Campaign, Defense of the Nansemond River, 
April 12th-26th. The Confederates made a sudden move 
in force to cross the Nansemond River, and thereby reach 
Suffolk to attack the Federal force there. S. P. Lee, Vir- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 127 

ginia, commanding the North Atlantic Blockading Squad- 
ron, hastily moved two flotillas to hold the line of the 
river, one comprising the Stepping Stones and seven other 
gunboats in the upper Nansemond, and the other of four 
gunboats in the lower waters. G. W. Getty, District of 
Columbia, commanded troops. 

Combat of Fort Bisland, La., April 13th. Emory, 
Maryland, was engaged. 

Emory's division and another were moved to try to hold 
Taylor in position, while a third should gain his rear. 
Taylor fell back during the night of April 13th. 

John C. Tidball, Virginia, was in the raid of cavalry 
from the Army of the Potomac toward Richmond, April 
13th to May 2d, preliminary to the Chancellorsville cam- 
paign. 

Combat of Irish Bend or Indian Ridge, La., April 14th. 
Taylor met the Federals advancing against his line of re- 
treat in the a. m., and attacked them, extricating himself. 

April 14th, the Confederate land batteries attacked 
Lee's gunboats in the Nansemond. 

Jacob Ammen, Virginia, commanded the District of 
Illinois, April 14th to December 16th, 1863. 

The Federal army started south from north of Vicks- 
burg, down the west side of the Mississippi River, April 
15th. The fleet bombarded Vicksburg that night. 

Longstreet menaced Suffolk, April 16th to 30th. 

The vessels, with transports, passed Vicksburg south- 
bound the night of April 16th, Walke, Virginia, in the 
Lafayette, among them. He passed successfully to 
Carthage, La., ten miles below Vicksburg, where was en- 
camped, under McClernand, the advance division of the 
army. 

McClernand marched farther down to Perkins Land- 
ing ; afterward, to Hard Times — 22 miles below. 

An important cavalry raid down Mississippi, planned 
and directed by S. A. Hurlbut, South Carolina, was in 
progress from April 17th to May 2d. 



128 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Hill's Point, Battery Huger, at the mouth of the west 
branch Nansemond River, April 19th. The upper Nanse- 
mond flotilla, sent by S. P. Lee, and G. W. Getty, District 
of Columbia, commanding the storming column of 300 
troops, captured the battery. They captured five guns 
and 130 men. Longstreet was attempting to surround 
Suffolk. 

The army in Louisiana occupied Opelousas April 20th. 
It moved on Alexandria, thence returned, crossing the 
Mississippi River April 23d, and moved to the rear of 
Port Hudson. 

April 20th J. J. Reynolds, Kentucky, made a successful 
raid, destroying railroad track, capturing 180 prisoners 
and large supplies, and returning to Murfreesboro with- 
out loss. He had 4,000 infantry and 2,600 cavalry. 

Horatio G. Gibson, Maryland, was Chief of Artillery, 
Army of the Ohio, April 20th, 1863, to January 22d, 
1864. 

Six transports and barges passed Vicksburg the night of 
April 22d. 

April 22d the lower Nansemond flotilla sent by S. P. Lee 
made a landing expedition to Chuckatuck, several miles in- 
land. 

The investment of Port Hudson was completed April 
26th. By blockading the mouth of the Red River, Far- 
ragut prevented supplies therefrom from reaching Port 
Hudson during its investment. 

Chancellorsville Campaign. Lee was posted around 
Fredericksburg. The Army of the Potomac started in a 
flanking movement upon his left and rear. The second 
corps marched on the north of the Rappahannock River 
April 28th for Bank's Ford, four miles above Fredericks- 
burg. Part of the army crossed the Rappahannock at 
Kelly's Ford that day. Sol. Meredith, North Carolina, 
forced the crossing of the Rappahannock. 

A cavalry raid against Lee's railroad communications 
started on the 29th, crossing the Rappahannock. John 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 129 

Buford, Kentucky, and John C. Tidball, Virginia, par- 
ticipated. 

A. Pleasanton, District of Columbia, had the advance in 
the initial march to Chancellorsville the 29th, with a small 
cavalry force. 

Grand Gulf, Bald Head, Bombardment, April 29th. 
The fleet engaged the batteries but did not silence the 
guns. H. Walke, Virginia, commanded the 2d division of 
the fleet in the attack on Point of Rocks. He attacked 
Bald Head, silencing the main fort on Point of Rocks. 
John H. Russell, Maryland, naval officer, was engaged. 
The 13th corps, McClernand, Kentucky, commanding, was 
in the fleet ready to seize the works should they be silenced. 
The fleet, with McClernand, passed Grand Gulf. Walke 
remained after the heavy bombardment, firing till night to 
prevent the reoccupation of the batteries. 

Engagement at Haines' Bluff, April 29th— May 1st. 
This was a naval demonstration north of Vicksburg dur- 
ing the attack on Grand Gulf. F. M. Ramsay, District 
of Columbia, commanding the Choctaw, participated. 

McClernand gained information of a good landing place 
at Bruinsburg and road thence to Port Gibson. The army 
crossed the Mississippi River there April 30th. Mc- 
Clernand led the advance from the river. The way had 
been found for the army from Milliken's Bend by way of 
New Carthage to a point on the Mississippi opposite 
Bruinsburg by his corps. 

Chancellorsville Campaign. Part of the Federal army 
arrived at Chancellorsville April 30th. The 6th and 1st 
corps crossed the Rappahannock three miles below Fred- 
ericksburg the same day, trying to hold Lee while the 
main body at Chancellorsville should come down on his left 
flank and rear. Lee left a force to face that below Fred- 
ericksburg, turned west and marched upon Chancellors- 
ville. The 1st corps afterward recrossed the river. 

Buffington was captured by D. Hunter, District of Co- 
lumbia, the latter part of April. 



130 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Alex. A. Semmes, District of Columbia, naval officer, at- 
tacked the batteries of Tampa, Fla., in April, 1863. 

J. J. Abercrombie, Tennessee, was in command of a 
division at Centreville from April to August, 1863. 

Battle of Port Gibson, Magnolia Hills, Miss., May 1st, 
1863. McClernand, Kentucky, by a forced march reached 
Port Gibson. He planned the battle and disposed the 
forces at the commencement of the battle, surprising the 
Confederates. His corps was engaged in the battle. One 
Confederate wing was outflanked and retreated, the other 
wing following before sunset. 384 Confederates were cap- 
tured. The evacuation of Port Gibson and Grand Gulf 
was the sequel. Among those engaged were Wm. P. Ben- 
ton, Maryland; Albert M. Powell, Maryland; T. T. Gar- 
rard, Kentuck}*- ; D. W. Lindsey, Kentucky ; W. J. Lan- 
dram, Kentucky ; David Shunk, Maryland ; M. F. Force, 
District of Columbia, and John D. Stevenson, Virginia. 

Monticello, Ky., May 1st. S. P. Carter, Tennessee, 
with 5,000 men, attacked the Confederates under Pegram, 
and drove them from the field with heavy loss. 

Henry A. Morrow, Virginia, was in an expedition to 
the Northern Neck of Virginia in May, 1863. 



CHAPTER V 

Chancellorsville — Champion's Hill — Big Black 
River — Vicksburg — Hoover's Gap — Donaldsonville — 
Gettysburg — Helena — Charleston. 

Battle of Chancellorsville, Va., May 1st to 4th, 1863. 
The Army of the Potomac marched east of Chancellors- 
ville a few miles May 1st. When they came upon Lee's 
advance, they returned to Chancellorsville. Lee struck 
some of the retiring troops near Chancellorsville that after- 
noon. 

The Federals occupied Port Gibson, Miss., May 2d. S. 
G. Burbridge, Kentucky, was among the first to enter the 
place. 

Chancellorsville, May 2d. The Federal arrangement 
was — left, 5th corps, then 2d ; center, 12th and Birney's 
division of the 3d; right, 11th, with Pleasanton's cavalry 
near. Lee assailed the Federal left with cannon and 
musketry while Jackson marched around to reach the Fed- 
eral right flank. When Jackson was discovered moving to 
the southwest by Catharine Furnace, A. Pleasanton was 
sent to observe. He placed his command at Hazel Grove. 
D. B. Birney, Alabama, reported a continuous movement 
of Confederates toward the Federal right. Having a 
rifled battery open on Jackson with effect, he caused the 
latter to withdraw to a more southerly road, Birney taking 
possession of the Catharine Furnace road. Jackson 
marched on, leaving a rear-guard to sustain any attack. 
Birney, ordered to advance, struck the rear, capturing 500. 
Lee assaulted with artillery and infantry on the Federal 
left at 2 :30 p. m. The 12th corps had advanced in the 
center unsuccessfully. About 5 :30 p. m. Jackson reached 

131 



132 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

the flank and rear of the right wing. He struck and 
crushed the flank, which was panic-stricken. The whole 
11th corps went quickly. Fugitives came pell-mell upon 
the rear of the Federal center. Jackson was coming rap- 
idly between Birney and the army. An attempt was made 
to recall Birney. Alfred Pleasanton, District of Colum- 
bia, was of much service in the arresting of Jackson's 
further progress. He faced about when the 11th corps 
passed in flight. He rapidly moved the two regiments of 
cavalry at hand and a battery to the head and right flank 
of Jackson's advancing columns, when, making a cavalry 
charge and bringing up his own guns, he was able to make 
some impression. The cavalry charged into the woods, 
and he got his battery of horse artillery into position. 
He also placed six more guns offered him. Three 
charges against his guns were made and repelled with 
great slaughter. In front of these batteries Jackson fell, 
and they swept the road while his men were trying to bear 
him to the rear. Pleasanton succeeded in getting ten more 
guns, making 22 in all. He thus acted with effect in a 
condition of critical peril. Meantime, French's division 
of the 2d corps was moved from the left at double-quick to 
present a front to Jackson's infantry, the brigade of Wm. 
Hays, Virginia, being one of those so employed, holding 
ground vacated by the retreating 11th corps. Pleasanton 
saved Birney from being cut off. Birney arrived at Hazel 
Grove between 9:30 and 10 p.m. He took position in 
front of the artillery. Before midnight Jackson's men 
cut Birney's connection with the rest of the army, but he 
restored it with a column attack, charging down the plank 
road, using the bayonet, driving the Confederates back, 
and recovering part of the lost ground. He brought 
away several guns which had been abandoned. Pleasanton 
cooperated with the artillery. When troops of the 3d 
corps fell back, French and another division of the 2d 
corps charged the Confederate left, which somewhat re- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 133 

lieved the 3d corps. French, Maryland, was valiant and 
useful this day. 

May 2d, the three cavalry regiments started by Hurlbut 
from Tennessee, having passed down the length of Missis- 
sippi, reached Baton Rouge, La. They had moved in 
separate bodies, riding 600 miles, destroying railroad 
bridges and stores, and 3,000 stand of arms. They brought 
into Baton Rouge over 1,000 horses and many head of 
cattle. This achievement was of service to the army op- 
erating against Vicksburg. 

Grand Gulf was occupied by the Federals May 3d. 
Walke, Virginia, fired upon the batteries at the time of the 
evacuation. 

Getty made a reconnoissance and commanded in an en- 
gagement on the Providence Church road near Suffolk, 
May 3d. 

Chancellorsville, May 3d. About 5 a. m. the 3d corps 
began to retire to the left of the right flank. J. E. B. 
Stuart commanded in place of Jackson, and attacked early. 
His attack caught the 3d corps in motion, D. B. Birney in 
the rear. Pleasanton had 40 guns in position. They did 
heavy execution against Stuart. The 3d corps was forced 
back, Stuart took Hazel Grove, placed artillery, enfiladed 
the 12th corps at Fair View and Chancellorsville, and 
damaged the 3d corps badly. The brigade of S. S. Car- 
roll, District of Columbia, and another one of French's 
brigades, attacked Stuart's flank hard, a service of merit. 
Stuart and Lee united. The Federals were driven from 
the field and took a new position to the north, toward 
United States ford. 

Fredericksburg. The 6th corps, east of Fredericks- 
burg, striving to join the main army at Chancellorsville, 
pressed to Fredericksburg by daylight. The division of 
John Newton, Virginia, led and opened the way to the 
rear and left of Fredericksburg. The heights behind the 
town were assaulted, and flank movements were made un- 



134 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

successfully. An attack on Marye's Heights was made 
under the direction of Newton. It was in two columns 
supported by a line. The advance was checked but re- 
sumed, and the stone wall was carried at the point of the 
bayonet at 11 a. m., with heavy loss, after a hard con- 
flict. Newton had gotten on the Confederate flank. 
There was hand-to-hand fighting along the wall. 1,000 
men and some artillery were captured. This was a notable 
achievement. 

Salem Church. The 6th corps was obstructed in march- 
ing on to the vicinity of Salem Heights, where the Con- 
federates made a stand supported from the main army. 
It attacked about the middle of the afternoon. Newton, 
with the left wing, made several gallant assaults. The 
fight was quite severe. The crest of the woods was gained, 
but the Confederates forced the Federals back. The corps 
retired on Bank's Ford. Lee, having detached to meet the 
6th corps, refrained from a general assault this day on 
the main army in its new position. 

Chancellorsville, May 4th. Lee extended his right un- 
til Marye's Heights and Fredericksburg were again in his 
hands. Newton made arrangements for withdrawal via 
Bank's Ford, quickly acquainting himself with the roads 
thereto, and establishing communication with the force in 
charge of the pontoons there. Lee attacked the center 
and left of the 6th corps at 6 p. m., threatening to cut it 
oif from Bank's Ford. The corps fell back to the ford, 
and recrossed the river during the night. 

May 4th Farragut's vessels took possession of Fort de 
Russy, La. 

/ Chancellorsville May 5th. The Army of the Potomac 

/recrossed to the north side of the Rappahannock River 

/ the night of May 5th. In the Chancellorsville battles 

/ Wm. M. Graham, District of Columbia, commanded an 

\ artillery reserve. H. A. Morrow, Virginia, fought with 

\ merit. Wm. Hays, Virginia, was wounded and captured. 

Among those engaged were Gabriel R. Paul, Missouri ; Sol. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 135 

/ 

Meredith, North Carolina ; Chas. Candy, Kentucky ; Wm. 

Birney, Alabama; J. B. Mcintosh, Florida; C. M. Pre- 
vost, MarylancT; John C. Tidball, Vif gTmaT"B. F. Davis, 
Alabama ; John Buford and Kenner Garrard, Ken- 
tucky. 

Farragut sent the expedition which was up the Red 
River, cooperating with the army there. The vessels 
steamed up to Alexandria, La., and the army arrived there 
May 7th. Alexandria was captured. After this, Far- 
ragut operated against Port Hudson from below. 

The army that had captured Port Gibson moved east 
across Mississippi in two parallel lines — one led by Mc- 
Clernand. 

Combat of Raymond, Miss., May 12th. Raymond was 
won by the advance of the brigade of John D. Stevenson, 
Virginia. The Confederate force of 5,000 was unable to 
stand against the Federals. M. F. Force, District of Co- 
lumbia, was engaged. 

McClernand withdrew with skill from the front of the 
Confederates at Edwards* Station to join the other column 
marching upon Jackson, Miss. 

Combat of Jackson, Miss. J. E. Johnston evacuated 
after some fighting, losing 17 guns. Wm. P. Benton, 
Maryland, and Albert M. Powell, Maryland, were en- 
gaged. John D. Stevenson, Virginia, followed the Con- 
federates out of Jackson. 

One of Hurlbut's spies brought in J. E. Johnston's dis- 
patch directing that the army from Vicksburg establish 
communication. The Confederate plans and movements 
were thereby disclosed. That army had moved southeast 
from Vicksburg to oppose the Federal arm3 r 's progress. 
The Federal army moved to cut Johnston off from the 
junction point — Bolton. McClernand seized Bolton 
promptly. Blair moved toward Edwards' Station, fol- 
lowed by McClernand. 

Battle of Champion's Hill, or Baker's Creek, Miss., May 
16th. This was a chance meeting. McClernand, Ken- 



136 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

tucky, had come upon the Confederate army while it was 
making a retrograde movement. It was put in line of 
battle. McClernand's was the only corps that was up 
when the battle commenced. He attacked. The Federals 
in force reached the field. John D. Stevenson, Virginia, 
made a charge that broke the Confederates' left flank — 
a striking achievement. His men charged across ravines, 
up a hill, and through an open field, capturing seven guns 
and several hundred prisoners, and thus gaining the road 
in the Confederate rear, which cut off Loring and com- 
pelled him to cut loose from the army, losing all his guns. 
He turned up at Jackson. The Confederate army re- 
treated toward Vicksburg, having lost 3,839 men, about 
2,000 of them prisoners. Win. P. Benton, Albert M. 
Powell, T. T. Garrard, Kentucky; D. W. Lindsey, Ken- 
tucky ; S. G. Burbridge, Kentucky ; W. J. Landram, Ken- 
tucky ; David Shunk, Maryland, and M. F. Force, District 
of Columbia, were engaged. 

Battle of Big Black River, Miss., May 17th, 1863. 
McClernand's corps was the first that came upon the Con- 
federate army's position at the river. It carried the same 
by assault, the Confederates making a short stand. The 
part of the Confederate army on the east side of the river 
fled across, and the bridge was burnt. 17 guns, 1,751 
prisoners and several thousand small arms were captured. 
Benton, T. T. Garrard, Lindsey, Burbridge and Shunk 
were engaged. The Federal army reached Vicksburg next 
day. 

Battle of Vicksburg, Miss., May 19th. F. P. Blair, 
Kentucky, led in the assault. His division was distinguished 
by planting its colors on the Confederate works. The 
Federal army was repulsed. T. T. Garrard, W. J. Land- 
dram, Lindsey and Burbridge were engaged. 

A fleet of gunboats under Walke had ascended the 
Yazoo River. The opening of communication with the 
army, now back of Vicksburg, was an object. It reached 
Yazoo City May 20th. The only remaining Confederate 






FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 137 

navy yard, vessels and other property, all amounting to 
$2,000,000 in value, were destroyed upon the capture of 
the city. Francis M. Ramsay, commanding the Choctaw, 
was in the fleet. 

Battle of Vicksburg, Miss., May 22d. The gunboats 
opened fire on Vicksburg defenses and the army assaulted. 
It was repulsed, but had obtained a lodgment at two points 
on the line — on Confederate Generals Forney's and S. D. 
Lee's fronts. A detached work in Lee's line was cap- 
tured, but was retaken in a few minutes. McClernand re- 
ported that he had gained the Confederate advanced in- 
trenchments in several places. S. G. Burbridge, Ken- 
tucky, and Wm. P. Benton, Maryland, planted colors on 
the slope of the earthworks. Attack was made by Blair's 
division. The fleet kept up a heavy fire during the as- 
sault, mortar-boats shelling the city and batteries. T. T. 
Garrard, Lindsey, Landram, Shunk, Force and Stevenson 
were engaged. 

Siege of Vicksburg, and fighting in the Vicksburg 
trenches, May 23— July 4, 1863. Mortar-boats continued 
shelling the city and batteries. The gunboats bombarded 
May 27th, June 20th and at other times. The siege guns 
in rear of Vicksburg were worked by naval crews. The 
Missouri militia organization of Gov. Gamble, Virginia, en- 
abled the sending of troops from Missouri to aid the army 
before Vicksburg when menaced by J. E. Johnston. 

E. O. C. Ord, Maryland, was in command of West 
Point, May 24th and 25th. 

Port Hudson was invested May 25th. 

Vicksburg, May 27th. The fleet attacked. Geo. M. 
Bache, District of Columbia, commanding the Cincinnati, 
showed commendable courage. His vessel was sunk. 

Battle of Port Hudson, May 27th and 28th. The Fed- 
erals made an unsuccessful assault. Farragut, Tennessee, 
participated from the Mississippi River. T. A. Jenkins, 
Virginia, commanded the Monongahela, temporary flag- 
ship, which attacked the batteries. 



138 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Henry A. Morrow, Virginia, was engaged in an expe- 
dition to Westmoreland C. H., Va., in June, 1863. 

Guy V. Henry, Indian Territory, became acting Chief 
of Artillery, Department of the South, in June, 1863. 

A. C. Gillem, Tennessee, as Adjutant General of Ten- 
nessee, June 1st, 1863, to April 1st, 1865, created a credit- 
able body of soldiers. 

June 1st, 1863, Democratic Convention in Philadelphia 
sympathized with Vallandigham, the expatriated Demo- 
cratic candidate for governor of Ohio. 

A peace meeting was held in New York City June 3d, 
called by leading Democrats to devise means for ending the 
War. 

H. Walke, Virginia, dispersed Confederates under Rich- 
ard Taylor at Simmsport, La., and blockaded the mouth 
of the Red River June 4th. 

Combat of Milliken's Bend, Liverpool's Landing, June 
6th to 8th. June 6th, Confederates attacked Milliken's 
Bend on the west side of the Mississippi River, and the 
garrison was driven from the works to the levee. F. M. 
Ramsay, District of Columbia, in the Choctaw, prevented 
their capture, shelling the Confederates and forcing them 
to retreat. The Bragg was commanded here by Joshua 
Bishop, Missouri. The Lexington, commanded by Bache, 
District of Columbia, reached the scene of action as the 
Confederates were making off and shelled them. The loss 
was : Confederate 652 ; Federal 428. 

Alfred Pleasanton, District of Columbia, was in com- 
mand of the cavalry corps, Army of the Potomac, from 
June 7th, 1863, to March 26th, 1864. 

The army before Vicksburg received a division from 
Hurlbut, June 8th-14th, 1863. 

Gettysburg, Pa., Campaign. Lee moved from between 
the Army of the Potomac and Richmond, and made for 
Penns3 r lvania, finally threatening its Capital — Harris- 
burg. He depended upon the menace to Washington and 
northern cities to lead to the sending of the Army of the 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 139 

Potomac after him. His movements were veiled and one 
corps was left interposed between the Army of the Potomac 
and Richmond until his van was far on the way. By 
June 8th Longstreet's and Ewell's corps had joined 
Stuart's cavalry at Culpeper. June 8th Lee sent Jen- 
kins' brigade as Ewell's advance into Shenandoah Valley. 

Monticello and Rocky Gap, Ky., June 9th. S. P. 
Carter, Tennessee, defeated Pegram's forces. 

Cavalry Combat at Brandy Station, Beverley Ford, Va., 
June 9th. Pleasanton had been sent against Stuart's 
cavalry and to obtain information. Pleasanton attacked 
Stuart. John Buford, Kentucky, gained ground. He 
was conspicuous. B. F. Davis, Alabama, was killed. 
The Federals were worsted. 

Ewell marched via Winchester, Martinsburg and Wil- 
liamsport. Longstreet moved along the eastern slope of 
the Blue Ridge. 

Battle of Winchester, Va., June 13th-15th. The in- 
ferior Federal force made a stand against Ewell, and lost 
out, most of the men being captured. 

In June, 1863, the Illinois General Assembly was for 
peace, and its governor, Richard Yates, Kentucky, pro- 
rogued it and conducted the War operations of Illinois un- 
til the following year. Ammen, Virginia, was in com- 
mand of the District of Illinois. 

After the Army of the Potomac fell back, A. P. Hill 
left Fredericksburg and followed Ewell, but crossed the 
Potomac at Shepherdstown. After Hill had passed Long- 
street's rear, Longstreet crossed the Blue Ridge and 
Shenandoah and crossed the Potomac at Williamsport. 
Pleasanton commanded the cavalry that followed Lee's 
army into Maryland. Lee had sent Imboden toward Cum- 
berland to destroy the railroad and canal from there to 
Martinsburg. 

June 14th, Jenkins and Rodes, Confederates, drove out 
the Martinsburg garrison. 

Battle of Port Hudson, June 14th. The Federal army 



140 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

assaulted unsuccessfully. Farragut participated from the 
river. 

Richard Taylor, Confederate, appeared on the west 
bank of the Mississippi River near New Orleans, creating 
alarm for the safety of the city. Emory, Maryland, was 
there and took the proper measures of defense. 

Ewell crossed the Potomac June 15th. 

Action at Aldie, Va., June 17th. The fight was be- 
tween a part of Pleasanton's cavalry and Stuart's. The 
Federals remained in possession of the field. A. Pleas- 
anton, John Buford, Kentucky, and John C. Tidball, Vir- 
ginia, were engaged. 

Democratic Mass Convention, 40,000 delegates, was 
held at Springfield, 111., June 17th. 

The Indiana Legislature was broken up by Republi- 
cans in 1863 to prevent the passage of the " military 
bill." 

June 17th John Rodgers, Maryland, with the Wee- 
hawken, engaged the heavier iron-clad Atlanta in Wassaw 
Sound, Ga. The Atlanta went aground, and was so in- 
jured that she surrendered. Her damages were readily re- 
paired. Rodgers, bravely confident of the monitors, was 
eminent in the demonstration of their qualities of re- 
sistance. 

E. O. C. Ord, Maryland, was in command of the 13th 
corps from June 18th to October 28th, 1863. He was en- 
gaged in the siege of Vicksburg from June 18th to July 
4th. 

Action of Middleburg, Va., June 19th. A. Pleasanton 
and John Buford were engaged. 

Fleet attacks on Vicksburg, June 19th— July 4th. 
Francis M. Ramsay, District of Columbia, during the 
siege, on a floating battery, enfiladed Confederate batter- 
ies and sustained a heavy fire on the Federal right. 

The State of West Virginia came into being June 20th, 
1863. That day the officers met at Wheeling and or- 
ganized the new State. The Federal Virginia Executive 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 141 

removed the archives of Federal Virginia to Alexan- 
dria, Va. 

J. B. Wheeler, North Carolina, was Chief Engineer, 
Department of the Susquehanna, June 20th to September 
18th, 1863. 

Cavalry Action of Upperville, Va., June 21st. A. 
Pleasanton, John Buford and Tidball were engaged. 

Tullahoma, Tenn., Campaign. The movement was a 
concentration on the Confederate right, covered by a feint 
upon the left. 

Upon Lee's entrance, A. W. Bradford, Maryland, Gov- 
ernor of Maryland, called for 10,000 volunteers. A num- 
ber of troops for defense were gained thereby. 

Action at Hoover's Gap, Tenn., Tullahoma Campaign, 
June 24th. The brigade of mounted infantry of the di- 
vision of J. J. Reynolds, Kentucky, attacked the Confed- 
erates at Hoover's Gap. It drove them back to the south- 
ern entrance, where they held possession until Thomas 
came up with infantry, Reynolds, with two other brigades, 
and J. M. Brannan, with three coming up, when the Con- 
federates gave up possession of the defile. T. L. Critten- 
den, Kentucky, participated. 

Action of Liberty Gap, Tenn., Tullahoma Campaign, 
June 24th and 25th. On the 24th R. W. Johnson, Ken- 
tucky, seized the Gap, having a sharp skirmish with a 
part of Cleburne's division. The Confederates attacked 
Johnson's division on the 25th. They first attacked his 
center, then attempted to gain the hills so as to command 
Johnson's flanks, but failed, withdrawing late in the even- 
ing. Their loss was over 400. 

Stuart reached the rear of the Army of the Po- 
tomac June 25th forenoon. It was moving toward the 
Potomac and occupying all roads. Stuart crossed the 
Potomac two days after the Army of the Potomac, whose 
rear-guard crossed June 26th. 

Action of Garrison Creek, June 26th. Thomas ad- 
vanced toward Fairfield and met the Confederates in force 



142 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

on the heights north of Garrison Creek. He drove them 
steadily, Rousseau and Brannan operating upon the left 
flank and J. J. Reynolds against the front and left. The 
Confederates assumed a new position, and attempted from 
the hills to enfilade Thomas' line, but were expelled. He 
pushed them to within five miles of Manchester, T. L. 
Crittenden following. Thomas had gained so much 
ground toward Manchester that it was practicable to con- 
centrate the whole army there, and force Bragg to aban- 
don his position or give battle outside his works. He 
seized Manchester June 27th. 

Combat of Donaldsonville, La., Fort Butler, June 27th. 
W. H. Emory, Maryland, with troops, and the vessels in 
the river, together resisted the Confederate attack on 
Fort Butler. Some Confederates got into the Fort. One 
of Farragut's vessels was present and fought hard. The 
Winona, commanded by A. W. Weaver, District of Co- 
lumbia, arrived during the engagement and continued in 
it until the end, rendering effectual service. The Con- 
federates retired. 

W. H. French, Maryland, was in command of the Har- 
per's Ferry district, June 27th to 30th. Ewell reached 
Carlisle, Pa., and Longstreet reached Chambersburg, Pa., 
June 27th. 

Early, Confederate, entered York, Pa., June 28th. 
Stuart captured a wagon train of the Army of the Po- 
tomac at Rockville, a few miles northwest of Washington, 
that day. 

Early June 28th Thomas sent a brigade to break the 
railroad south of Decherd. That day he threw troops 
toward Tullahoma. Thus was the movement to force 
Bragg back from Tullahoma begun. Bragg's communi- 
cations were interrupted at Decherd and he retired from 
Tullahoma the 29th. T. J. Wood, Kentucky, was em- 
ployed in the advance on Tullahoma. The turning move- 
ment had succeeded, Bragg having withdrawn entirely 
from this line. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 143 

Heth, Confederate, reached Cashtown, Pa., June 29th. 

Early on the morning of June 30th, Thomas learned 
that Bragg had evacuated the position at Tullahoma. 
Pursuit began. Rousseau and another of Thomas' divi- 
sions overtook the Confederate rear-guard at Bethpage 
bridge and skirmished. Bragg had crossed the Cumber- 
land Mountains and middle Tennessee was secured. 

Cavalry action of Hanover, Pa., June 30th. Stuart 
attacked Federal cavalry, but failed to rout them. He 
went on that night to York. 

Battles of Gettysburg, Pa., June 30th to July 3d, 
1863. Heth sent Pettigrew's brigade to Gettysburg June 
30th to procure shoes. John Buford, Kentucky, com- 
manding one of the three cavalry divisions at the battles of 
Gettysburg, entered Gettysburg that afternoon, under in- 
structions from Pleasanton, District of Columbia, and 
Pettigrew withdrew on his approach. Pleasanton was in 
chief command of all the cavalry with the army. Im- 
pressed by the importance of the position, Buford, ex- 
pecting the early return of the Confederates in force, 
placed one brigade to the north and his other to the west 
of Gettysburg. 

Martial law was proclaimed in Baltimore June 30th. 

In the operations of the South Atlantic Blockading 
Squadron, January to July, 1863, G. B. Balch, Tennes- 
see, commanded the Pawnee; C. Steedman, South Caro- 
lina, commanded the Paul Jones and Powhatan; 
Wm. Gibson, Maryland, Seneca; A. Pendergrast, Ken- 
tucky, Water Witch; J. M. Frailey, Maryland, Quaker 
City; T. H. Patterson, Louisiana, James Adger; 
J. H. Upshur, Virginia, Flambeau; P. Drayton, South 
Carolina, Passaic; D. McN. Fairfax, Virginia, Montauk 
and Nantucket; John Rodgers, Maryland, Weehawken, and 
T. Turner, District of Columbia, New Ironsides. 

Thomas occupied Tullahoma July 1st. Bragg fell 
back to Bridgeport, Ala., on the north bank of the Ten- 
nessee River below Chattanooga. 



144 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Getty was in command of an expedition from White 
House to the South Anna bridges, July 1st— 8th. 

Stuart shelled Carlisle, Pa., July 1st. 

Robertson's Confederate cavalry command crossed the 
Potomac at Williamsport July 1st. During the Gettys- 
burg campaign Imboden, Confederate, commanding cav- 
alry, proceeded north in concert some distance west of 
Lee's regular army. He destroyed railroad bridges, and 
cut the Chesapeake & Ohio canal below Cumberland, 
Md., wherever he could. 

Battle of Gettysburg, July 1st, 1863. This was a 
chance battle. Neither army was concentrated. Troops 
of each were hurried to the field during the 1st and 2d. 
Part of Lee's army was west of Gettysburg; part north, 
and part east. The Army of the Potomac was spread 
out to the south of Gettysburg. Seminary Ridge is west 
of Gettysburg and McPherson's Ridge is west of that, 
both running north and south. John Buford took posi- 
tion on McPherson's Ridge. A. P. Hill, wishing to dis- 
cover what was in his front, advanced from the west by 
day. Buford met and resisted the advance, and sustained 
the fight, using his horse artillery, until infantry of the 
1st corps arrived. Sol. Meredith, North Carolina, opened 
the infantry fight. The Federal infantry were forced 
back to Seminary Ridge. Archer, Confederate, took po- 
sition in McPherson's wood. At a critical juncture, Mer- 
edith, commanding the " Iron Brigade," swung it around, 
moved through a wood and outflanked and turned Archer's 
right, capturing him and a portion of his brigade, pur- 
suing the remainder across Willoughby Run. The other 
Confederate brigade was driven back north of this by 
other troops. The Federals reestablished the line on Mc- 
Pherson's Ridge as a result of Meredith's success, Mere- 
dith holding McPherson's wood. The command of the 
1st corps devolved on John Newton, Virginia. About 
12:30 p. m. Buford reported that Confederates were mass- 
ing between the York and Harrisburg roads, three or four 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 145 

miles north of Gettysburg. He confirmed the informa- 
tion, the 11th corps was at hand, having reached the 
scene a little past noon, and dispositions were made to 
meet the Confederates. By one o'clock Buford had re- 
ported Ewell's approach from the north by the Heidlers- 
burg road, and the 3d and 12th corps were called up. 
They were informed at % p. m. of the conditions. Ewell 
ordered Oak Hill, north of McPherson's Ridge, occupied 
by an artillery battalion, which opened on both Federal 
corps, enfilading the line, causing the withdrawal of part 
of the Federal line to Seminary Ridge. The brigade of 
Gabriel R. Paul, Missouri, at the north part of the Fed- 
eral line on Seminary Ridge, facing west, was attacked 
from the north by Iverson. With the aid of another 
brigade Iverson was defeated. The latter lost 500 killed 
and wounded and three regiments captured. Paul was 
shot and lost both eyes. The Confederates attacked the 
north part of the Federal positions on McPherson's Ridge 
and Seminary Ridge. The 11th corps, unconnected, was 
facing north, in position east of Seminary Ridge. Early, 
coming from the east, advanced on its right flank and 
rear, forcing it back to its original position, thence to 
Cemetery hill, south of Gettysburg, uncovering the right 
flank and rear of Newton's corps, making its right un- 
tenable. The general Confederate advance was about 3 
p. m. Newton was heavily engaged along his whole line. 
His left was outflanked. Meredith repeatedly repulsed 
assaults of the Confederates, but, as the retirement of 
other troops uncovered his left, he fell back to successive 
positions, from which he inflicted heavy losses. He was 
severely wounded this day. Some of his men manned a 
battery at Seminary Ridge. Buford had thrown half a 
brigade of cavalry south of the Fairfield road. After 
3 :20 Buford was asked to support the center, near the 
right of the 1st corps, as well as he could with cavalry. 
About 4 p. m. the whole Confederate line advanced to final 
attack against the Federals on Seminary Ridge. Newton 



146 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

withdrew under orders. On the right Buford's men held 
Lane's brigade in check for some time. The battery 
manned partly by Meredith's men raked Scales' brigade, 
causing confusion. The Federal right was uncovered and 
these troops fell back fighting to Cemetery hill. Buford 
assembled his command on the plain west of Cemetery hill, 
covering the left flank, making a show of force opposite 
the Confederate right against the peril of pursuit. The 
Federal right was established on Culp's hill. The 11th 
corps had been struck north of Gettysburg in front and 
on both flanks almost simultaneously. Buford's moving 
out and forming for the charge delayed the Confederates 
to form squares in echelon, and aided Newton's escape. 
Buford rendered material assistance in the forming of 
the lines on Cemetery hill. Only one small brigade and 
batteries were on Cemetery hill when the rout came. Late 
in the day, one of Newton's divisions occupied Culp's hill. 
Buford rendered signal service in his valorous and strenu- 
ous efforts this day. Newton well filled a grave responsi- 
bility. Henry A. Morrow, Virginia, was wounded while 
carrying the flag of a regiment after four color-bearers 
had been killed and three wounded. He was a prisoner 
from July 1st to 4th. Escaping, he rejoined his com- 
mand. Paul was brave and useful. 

Battle of Gettysburg, July 2d. Cemetery Ridge extends 
north almost to Gettysburg, then curves around to the 
east like a fish-hook, with Culp's hill near the eastern end. 
The straight part is considerably longer than the curve, 
but the center is within supporting distance of the south 
end of the curve. Round Top is at the south end of the 
straight part with Little Round Top forming the part of 
the ridge just north of it. The Emmitsburg road runs 
southwest from Gettysburg, between the parallel ridges, — 
Cemetery and Seminary — about a mile apart. Stuart left 
Carlisle for Gettysburg the 2d. The Federal line was 
formed from Culp's hill around the curve and southwardly, 
branching off to the Emmitsburg road, with an angle at 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 147 

the Peach Orchard, troops extending from there back to 
the ridge near Little Round Top. Longstreet's troops 
marched concealed to strike between the Peach Orchard 
and Little Round Top. D. B. Birney, Alabama, disclosed 
by reconnoissance the presence of Confederates flanking 
the left. His division was posted from the Devil's Den 
(a rough mass of bowlders just west of the Round Tops) 
to the Peach Orchard and along the Emmitsburg road. 
It was well in the afternoon when Longstreet struck. Bir- 
ney repulsed the first attacks. Toward six the angle at 
the Peach Orchard was broken in. A Maryland brigade 
advanced to the rescue of the 3d corps, some of the troops 
reaching as far as the Loop and Peach Orchard. One of 
Birney's brigades got in the interval between two Con- 
federate regiments about the wheatfield, forcing the flanks 
back. Birney took command of the 3d corps a little after 
six, and handled it ably. A part of Newton's corps was 
brought up to the aid of the left. 

The Federals reached the summit of Little Round Top 
while the Confederates were climbing it, and held it after 
a hand-to-hand struggle. The command of a brigade 
there devolved on Kenner Garrard, Kentucky. 

The Maryland brigade held a position near the Trostle 
building of service to Federal troops which were falling 
back. Wright broke the Federal line on Cemetery Ridge 
near the center, but, not being supported, was expelled. 
That part of the Federal line west of Cemetery Ridge 
having been forced back, the Federal line was restricted 
to Cemetery Ridge. 

The brigade of S. S. Carroll, District of Columbia, ar- 
rived just in time to save East Cemetery Hill (near Get- 
tysburg) when Early carried it. This was a notable 
achievement. 

At Culp's hill, the right flank was turned by the Con- 
federates, who were stopped by two regiments of Newton's 
corps placed in echelon. These attacks were after Long- 
street's. 



148 FIGHTING BY SOUTPIERN FEDERALS 

At the close of the day Confederates held the Devil's 
Den and the ridge to its left, and the right extending well 
up on the northwest slope of Round Top. They held a 
part of Culp's hill. 

Battle of Gettysburg, July 3d. Fighting at Culp's hill 
began at dawn. The Federals drove the Confederates out 
of the Federal intrenchments there, and resisted a front 
attack. The Confederates made one or two attempts to 
regain possession. The Maryland brigade and Chas. 
Candy were on this part of the line. A demonstration to 
turn Confederate Ed. Johnson's left on this part of the 
field caused him to withdraw to Rock Creek. 

Confederate Robertson's cavalry following Lee's army 
reached Cashtown about 10 a. m. A. Pleasanton moved 
from Emmitsburg July 3d directly toward the baggage 
and ammunition trains of Lee and was met at Fairfield by 
Robertson. 

About 11 a. m some of A. P. Hill's skirmishers and 
Federals began fighting over a barn and his artillery be- 
came involved. Imboden arrived on the field at noon. 

The great cannonade began about 1 p. m. Pickett's 
charge started at 1 :40 p. m. John Newton, Virginia, was 
in charge of that part of the ridge to the south of the 
position against which, mainly, Pickett was directed. He 
stood behind batteries during the artillery duel which 
opened a destructive oblique fire when Pickett charged. 
The Confederates drifted further away. The Confed- 
erate right split passing a farm building, and the two 
bodies diverged as they advanced. A brigade of Newton's 
corps pressed forward into the gap between the Confed- 
erate advancing lines. Alexander's artillery opened fire 
on it. Part of the men were faced north and part south, 
thus firing upon the flanks of both Confederate bodies 
advancing. The advance of the two regiments of this 
brigade, with the fire of the batteries around Newton, 
helped cause the supporting forces of Wilcox, Wright and 
Perry to fall back. D. B. Birney's corps was behind New- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 149 

ton's. The command of the division against which Pickett 
struck devolved on Win. Harrow, Kentucky. His own 
brigade had been behind the front line, but joined the 
line in the fight. The Confederates had taken a piece of 
the line immediately north of it. The brigade charged 
from the south into the clump of trees, then held by the 
Confederates. The grove was jammed with Pickett's men. 
It extended from a short distance below to near the crest 
of the ridge. Pickett emerged from the woods at 3 p. m. 
It was the lot of Harrow to repulse Pickett, which mo- 
mentous feat he performed. Two companies in his divi- 
sion were thrown behind a cross wall to the north of the 
break in the line, and Pickett's left flank felt the fire from 
that direction. As Pickett was falling back, the Confed- 
erates repulsed cavalry from the southern part of the field, 
who galloped up between the lines of the two armies. 

Meantime, Stuart had gone around the Federal right 
flank to strike the Federal right and rear. About 2 p. M. 
John B. Mcintosh, Florida, who understood Stuart's tac- 
tics and had discerned his position, moved dismounted cav- 
alry forward in the direction of Rummel's house. The 
Confederates met them. Other cavalry of his moved up. 
He sent for reinforcements. Pie drove back the Confed- 
erates, occupying their position about the Rummel house. 
When the full Confederate line charged, Mcintosh had his 
left charge, rallying headquarters' staff, buglers and or- 
derlies, and gathering up other men for the charge, and 
struck the Confederate right flank. The flank attacks told 
on the Confederates. Mcintosh and others in the front 
then got the advantage and the Confederates fell back to 
their starting-point. Mcintosh established an advanced 
skirmish line. Mcintosh's service was brave and valuable. 
Stuart had the main body of Confederate cavalry and his 
purpose failed. At nightfall both sides held substantially 
their original position. 

Wm. Hays, Virginia, commanded the 2d corps, July 
3d to September 13th. 



150 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Passage of Elk River July 3d, by Thomas. J. M. 
Brannan, District of Columbia, and Eli Long, Kentucky, 
were engaged. Bragg fell back to Bridgeport. Later he 
crossed the Tennessee River not far from Chattanooga. 
Chattanooga was an important strategic point. The rail- 
road running via Chattanooga northeast afforded the most 
direct and convenient means of communication between 
Richmond and Mississippi, while from Cleveland, Tenn., 
a few miles east of Chattanooga, a line of railroad ran to 
the southeastern coast. From it Virginia could be ap- 
proached from the rear, and it was a base for operations in 
the South Atlantic and Gulf States. 

Terms of surrender of Vicksburg were agreed upon July 
3d. On the 4th 31,600 men were disarmed and paroled. 
172 cannon were taken. In the operations against Vicks- 
burg McClernand and then Ord commanded the 13th corps. 
Among those engaged were: of the army, F. P. Blair, 
Kentucky, and J. G. Lauman, Maryland, commanding 
divisions ; M. F. Force, District of Columbia ; John D. 
Stevenson, Virginia ; T. T. Garrard, Kentucky ; Bernard 
G. Farrar, Missouri ; W. W. Orme, District of Columbia ; 
Wm. Vandever, Maryland ; D. W. Lindsey, Kentucky ; S. 
G. Burbridge, Kentucky ; W. J. Landram, Kentucky ; W. 
P. Benton, Maryland ; David Shunk, Maryland ; Jos. R. 
Cockerill, Virginia; N. B. Buford, Kentucky and Jas. A. 
Williamson, Kentucky ; of the navy, Henry H. Bell, North 
Carolina, and A. M. Pennock, Virginia, fleet captains ; W. 
D. Porter, Louisiana, commanding the Essex; Chas. R. 
Ellet, District, of Columbia, commanding the Switzerland; 
Jas. P. Foster, Kentucky, commanding the Lafayette; 
John Guest, Missouri, and F. M. Ramsay, District of 
Columbia. Foster performed valuable service. William- 
son showed good conduct. 

Gettysburg, July 4th. Lee, having concentrated on 
Seminary Ridge, stood in line there all day, but was not 
assaulted and did not attack again. He was sending back 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 151 

wounded and prisoners preparatory to a return to Vir- 
ginia. 

French guarded lines of communication and threatened 
those of Lee, July lst-4th. 

At the battle of Gettysburg Meredith's loss was 1,153. 
Newton, in addition to the 1st corps, commanded the 3d 
division of the 6th corps. 

Wm. Hays, Virginia, commanded the 2d corps when the 
battle ended. Birney commanded the 3d corps from the 
evening of the 2d. A. Pleasanton commanded the cavalry 
corps. D. R. Ransom, North Carolina, performed brave 
and useful service. He was wounded. He, John C. Tid- 
ball, Virginia, and C. H. Tompkins, Virginia, commanded 
artillery brigades. Wm. M. Graham, District of Colum- 
bia, S. S. Carroll, District of Columbia, and Chas. Candy, 
Kentucky, were engaged. 

Battle of Helena, Ark., July 4th. B. M. Prentiss, Vir- 
ginia, commanded the Federals. The Confederates carried 
the position in the center, but were repulsed with consid- 
erable loss, the gunboat Tyler saving the army force. 
Many of Prentiss' regiments were southern. The Con- 
federates were under Holmes and Price. 

Franklin Pierce addressed a Democratic mass-meeting 
at Concord, N. H., July 4th, alluding to Vallandigham as 
a martyr of free speech. 

Morgan, Confederate, having crossed the Cumberland 
River at Burksville, Ky\, with about 2,500 men, reached 
Tebb's Bend, Green River, July 4th, and attacked a Fed- 
eral regiment there. J. M. Shackelford and E. H. Hob- 
son, both of Kentucky, pursued him. 

French, Maryland, destroyed Lee's pontoon bridge at 
Falling Waters July 5th, sending a raiding party from 
Frederick. This delayed Lee's crossing of the Potomac. 

Hagerstown and Williamsport, Md., July 6th. John 
Buford, Kentucky, was engaged in an attack on Imboden 
at Williamsport. Imboden was carrying the wounded and 
prisoners to Virginia. 



152 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Wm. H. French, Maryland, was in command of the 3d 
corps from July 7th, 1863. He joined in the march 
against Lee after Gettysburg, being engaged in several 
sharp actions. 

Thos. H. Patterson, Louisiana, was engaged in blockade 
duty off Wilmington July 7th, 1863. 

Morgan crossed the Ohio River at Brandenburg July 
7th. He dashed across the southern parts of Indiana and 
Ohio, pursued by J. M. Shackelford, E. H. Hobson, R. 
T. Jacob and Wm. P. Sanders — all of Kentucky, with 
Kentucky troops. H. M. Judah, Maryland, went with the 
" tin-clads " up the Ohio River, to head him off and keep 
him from recrossing. 

Port Hudson surrendered July 9th. 6,340 men, 20 
heavy guns, and 31 field-pieces were taken. Farragut co- 
operated in the investment and capture. Henry H. Bell, 
North Carolina, assisted. T. A. Jenkins, Virginia, was in 
chief command of the naval forces below. 

Advance upon Jackson, Miss., from Vicksburg, July 
9th to 16th. 

Martial law was proclaimed in Louisville July 10th. 

Operations against Charleston Harbor — Fort Wagner, 
Morris Island ; James Island and Folly Island, July 10th— 
18th. The Federal fleet, with troops, attacked and secured 
a lodgment on the south end of Morris Island July 10th, 
and prepared to attack Fort Wagner. Troops landed and 
occupied three-fourths of the Island. Along with this, 
naval officer G. B. Balch, Tennessee, landed troops on 
Folly Island at night, and a force was sent to James Island. 

July 11th an unsuccessful assault was made on Fort 
Wagner. Guy V. Henry, Indian Territory, and J. R. 
Hawley, North Carolina, were engaged. The Montauk, 
Fairfax, Virginia, commanding, and other vessels partici- 
pated. 

John Love, Virginia, commanded a force in pursuit 
through Indiana of Morgan, and in an action with him 
at Mt. Vernon, Ind., July 11th. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 153 

Combat of Jackson, Miss. Ord's corps was engaged. 
In the assault troops of the division of J. G. Launian, 
Maryland, were pushed close to the Confederate works, 
were struck in flank and suffered great loss. The Federals 
were repulsed. 

Martial law was proclaimed in Cincinnati July 12th. 

Draft revolts, July 13th to 16th. Public opposition 
was manifested in advance of the time for the enforcement 
of the draft to begin — July, 1863. The draft in New 
York City began July 13th. The absence of militia due 
to Lee's invasion was availed of and citizens of New York 
resisted by force, cutting telegraph wires, burning build- 
ings, beating and killing negroes. Quickly the city was 
at their mercy. A thousand persons were killed and 
wounded, over fifty buildings were destroyed, and many 
were plundered. They were fought for three days and 
nights. 

Bombardment of Charleston Harbor, July 13th. Fair- 
fax, Virginia, participated. 

Donaldsonville, La., July 13th. Aaron W. Weaver, 
District of Columbia, was in engagement with Confederate 
batteries below Donaldsonville after the fall of Port Hud- 
son. 

T. A. Jenkins, Virginia, was wounded passing batteries 
twelve miles below Donaldsonville in 1863. 

Lee recrossed the Potomac the night of July 13th. 

E. R. S. Canby, Kentucky, in command of the City and 
Harbor of New York, was engaged in suppressing the 
draft revolts from July 14th. His courage, skill and 
judgment did much to that end. He remained in command 
till November 15th. There were draft revolts in Boston 
July 14th and 15th, and in Brooklyn, Jersey City, Staten 
Island and other places July 15th. 

The Federals landed in force on Morris Island July 
15th. 

Combat of James Island, Fort Grimball, Stono River, 
July 16th. Balch, Tennessee, was senior officer in the 



154. FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Stono River. His vessel, the Pawnee, helped in making 
a landing on James Island. The Pawnee and Marblehead, 
G. H. Scott, Virginia, commanding, were attacked by bat- 
teries, the Confederates making a simultaneous attack on 
the land force. The Pawnee had chain cables up and 
down her sides. Balch, in repulsing it, is credited with 
having saved the troops from the land attack. The Fed- 
erals were expelled from James Island. 

J. E. Johnston evacuated Jackson, Miss., the second 
time July 16th. Ord and Blair were engaged in the oper- 
ations against relieving forces and occupation of Jackson. 

The Federals having gained the entire Mississippi River, 
the first merchant steamer from St. Louis reached New 
Orleans July 16th. 

Battle of Fort Wagner, S. C, July 18th. The fleet 
bombarded and the troops marched up Morris Island and 
attacked the Fort unsuccessfully, losing heavily. J. R. 
Hawley, North Carolina, was engaged. W. M. Gibson, 
Maryland, commanded the Seneca. After this, Fort Wag- 
ner was besieged till September 6th. 

Wm. H. French, Maryland, was engaged in the action 
of Manassas Gap, Va., July 23d. 

Buffington Island, near Salineville, July 26th. The 
head of Hobson's column, under Shackelford, struck Mor- 
gan's rear, Judah his flank, and two vessels opened on 
his front. Most of Morgan's force, about 1,200, were 
captured. R. T. Jacob, Kentucky, was engaged. Mor- 
gan surrendered to Shackelford, Kentucky, at New Lisbon, 
the same day. Kentucky troops had followed him across 
the Ohio, into Indiana and Ohio, and mainly surrounded 
and captured him. 

Wm. P. Sanders, Kentucky, met the raid of Scott 
started July 28th. He defeated Scott at Lancaster, cap- 
turing 200. Later, 500 more prisoners were taken. 

Thos. H. Patterson, Louisiana, cut out the Steamer 
Kate from under batteries at New Inlet, near Fort Fisher 
July 31st. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 155 

Eli Long, Kentucky, and others reached Huntsville, 
Ala., in July, capturing prisoners and supplies. 

Ord was with the Army of Western Louisiana, August 
to October, 1863. 

John C. Tidball, Virginia, was engaged on defenses of 
Washington, August, 1863, to March, 1864. 

J. M. Shackelford, Kentucky, led cavalry from Camp 
Nelson, Ky., to Kingston, Tenn., in August, 1863. 

Little Rock Expedition, August 1st to September 14th, 
1863. J. W. Davidson, Virginia, commanded cavalry di- 
vision. His 6,000 troops had been taught as dragoons. 
He moved south from Missouri by Crowley's Ridge in 
eastern Arkansas. A junction of other troops with his 
was effected at White River. 

Cavalry Actions of Kelly's Ford, Rappahannock, 
Brandy and Culpeper Stations, Va., August 1st— 4th, 
1863. John Buford, Kentucky, was engaged. 

August 4th fleet reconnoissance up the James River 
started. It was severely handled. 

The Army moved from Duvall's Bluff upon Little Rock 
August 18th, Davidson commanding the cavalry. 

Federals shelled Chattanooga August 21st. 

Thos. H. Patterson, Louisiana, participated in an at- 
tack upon and capture of a flying battery a few miles 
above Fort Fisher August 23d. 

August 25th many regiments were in the squares of 
New York City to enforce the draft. 

Patterson destroyed the Clipper Hebb August 26th. 

Action of Rocky Gap or White Sulphur Springs, August 
26th-27th. J. R. Meigs, District of Columbia, was en- 
gaged. 

Campaigns of Knoxville and Chickamauga. The Army 
of the Cumberland started from Winchester, Tenn., for 
Chattanooga. Another army started from Lexington, 
Ky., for Knoxville the same day. 

Saml. P. Carter, Tennessee, commanding a cavalry divi- 
sion, had the advance in the occupation of east Tennessee 



156 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

in August and September, 1863. L. D. Watkins, Florida, 
was engaged with him. Carter defeated Morgan's forces 
near Emory August 28th, and Smith's forces at London 
August 29th. 

The Army of the Cumberland began crossing the Ten- 
nessee River August 29th. Thomas' corps and the 20th 
corps crossed thirty miles below Chattanooga. They 
moved against Bragg's communications southward, to force 
the evacuation of Chattanooga. The passes through 
which the Army crossed Lookout Range were two, twenty- 
six and forty-two miles south of Chattanooga, taken re- 
spectively by Crittenden's, Thomas' and the 20th corps. 
The indication was that Bragg was falling back upon 
Rome to save his communications. 

Geo. M. Bache, District of Columbia, made a successful 
raid in the White River in August, 1863. With the Lex- 
ington, Cricket and Marmora he went up the White. He 
sent the Cricket up the Little Red River and proceeded 
to Augusta. 

Knoxville was occupied September 2d. There were 
nine Kentucky regiments and some Tennessee regiments in 
this army. 

Fort Wagner and Battery Gregg, Charleston Harbor, 
were evacuated by the Confederates the night of September 
6th, 1863. A. R. McNair, Louisiana, of the navy, and 
Guy V. Henry, Indian Territory, of the army, were among 
those engaged in the operations against them. 

September 7th, 1863, Justice Campbell, a southerner 
who had resigned from the Supreme Court of the United 
States at the outbreak of the War, wrote : " The condition 
of things in the mountain districts of North Carolina, 
South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama menaces the ex- 
istence of the Confederacy as fatally as either of the 
armies of the United States." 

Capture of Cumberland Gap, September 9th. J. M. 
Shackelford, Kentucky, received the surrender of the force 
of 2,000 under Frazier, and 14 guns. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 157 

Lee relinquished Longstreet and his two divisions, or- 
ders of September 9th, to swell Bragg's army in the 
Chickamauga campaign. 

Occupation of Chattanooga, September 9th. T. L. 
Crittenden, Kentucky, took possession with troops of 
Wood's division. 

Crittenden was ordered September 10th to seek the Con- 
federates in the direction of Ringgold. A negro that 
evening informed T. J. Wood, Kentucky, of the position 
of Bragg's army about Lafayette. Wood reported the 
information to headquarters at Chattanooga. A brigade 
was ordered to reconnoiter toward Lafayette, which met 
an opposing force and forced it back across the Chicka- 
mauga River at Lee & Gordon's mills. T. L. Crittenden 
was ordered to the mills and Thomas to Lafayette. 
Thomas met a resistance that convinced him he was in 
the presence of the Confederate army. Crittenden's re- 
connoissance south of the mills sustained Thomas' opin- 
ion. Thomas' troops were withdrawn from a dangerous 
position, Bragg having concentrated to strike them. 
Thomas took the responsibility of ordering that the 20th 
corps, fifty miles distant on the way to Rome, close up 
with him. 

J. W. Davidson, Virginia, effected a crossing of the 
Arkansas River September 10th, despite efforts of men 
left on the south side. He fought a sharp action at 
Bayou Fourches, five miles out from Little Rock, for two 
hours, batteries on the north bank aiding him. The Con- 
federates fell back to Little Rock. Price brought over 
his main force from north of the river on account of 
Davidson's turning his position, and then evacuated Little 
Rock. About 1,000 prisoners were captured in this expe- 
dition. Davidson showed courage and skill. T. H. Ben- 
ton, Tennessee, and Jas. M. True, Kentucky, were engaged. 

Bragg moved against Crittenden about the 11th. His 
combinations failed of execution. September 12th the 
Army of the Cumberland was concentrating to fight at 



158 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Lafayette. That day, S. A. Hurlbut, in command of 
Memphis, forwarded report that J. E. Johnston was re- 
enforcing Bragg at Chattanooga, saying he thought the 
report true. 

September 13th, 1863, Crittenden made dispositions for 
defense. He sent a force to reconnoiter toward Lafayette, 
which met Confederates near Lee & Gordon's mills, and 
drove them three miles. This aggressive movement dis- 
concerted Polk, and, instead of obeying repeated orders 
to attack he called for reinforcements. Polk had received 
three distinct orders to attack at daylight. The 20th 
corps withdrew that day and moved to join Thomas. 
From September 13th to 17th Thomas advanced his corps 
slightly day by day. 

Action and capture of Culpeper C. H., Va., September 
13th. A. Pleasanton and Henry A. Morrow, Virginia, 
were engaged in this creditable affair. 

On September 17th the three corps of the Army of 
the Cumberland were in supporting distance of one an- 
other. Thomas closed up on Crittenden. 

J. B. Wheeler, North Carolina, was Chief Engineer of 
the Army of Arkansas, September 18th, 1863 to the end 
of the War. 



CHAPTER VI 

Chickamauga — Chattanooga — Mine Run — Tunnel 
Hill — Red River Campaign — Wilderness. 

Battle of Chickamauga. North of Lee & Gordon's 
mills is Alexander's bridge over the Chickamauga Creek, 
and north of that is Reed's bridge. September 18th the 
Confederates fought at Alexander's bridge, were repulsed 
by one of Reynolds' brigades and crossed at a ford below. 
That afternoon they forced the crossing of Reed's bridge. 
During the night a great part of the Confederate army 
crossed to the west side of the Chickamauga. Crittenden 
formed the left wing on the 18th, and Bragg aimed to 
turn his left flank, occupy the Lafayette road running 
north and south and cut the Army off from Chattanooga. 
Thomas, however, also moved from the center past Crit- 
tenden, and thus, unknown to the Confederates, held the 
left, prolonging the Federal position considerably to the 
north of Crittenden, while the presence of a great part 
of the Confederate army west of the Chickamauga was 
unknown to the Federals. The 20th corps remained the 
Federal right wing. 

Battle of Chickamauga, September 19th and 20th, 1863. 
Bragg commenced early the 19th trying to turn the Fed- 
eral left and gain the road into Chattanooga, hoping to 
throw his army between the Federal Army and Chatta- 
nooga without discovery. Thomas directed J. M. Bran- 
nan, District of Columbia, with two brigades, to recon- 
noiter toward Reed's bridge, which the Federals had 
burnt the evening before, and capture, if possible, a force 
which had crossed before the bridge had been burnt, the 
Confederate forces extending far beyond not being visible. 
Brannan's reconnoissance developed the Confederates and 

159 



160 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

brought on the battle, disturbing Bragg's combinations, 
and preventing the blow from being sudden. Thomas was 
in chief command on the field this day. The center had 
not connected with him. T. L. Crittenden, Kentucky, 
directed J. M. Palmer, Kentucky, to reconnoiter the road 
north. The noise of battle was heard ere it could return. 
Brannan posted the brigade of J. T. Croxton, Kentucky, 
to the left, and with two more moved forward. Croxton 
also advanced and encountered three brigades of cavalry 
under Forrest, which were covering Bragg's right flank. 
Forrest called up infantry. Thomas rode forward to see 
what was happening, and found Croxton heavily engaged, 
but holding his ground, and ordered up supports. Bran- 
nan also sent reenforcement to Croxton's left. The Fed- 
erals were beaten back. Bragg was surprised to find such 
a force on the Federal left. He supposed Brannan was 
trying to turn his right flank and suspended dispositions. 
There was then a chasm between Thomas and Crittenden. 
Thomas obtained from Crittenden support in the shape 
of Palmer's division. Croxton drove the Confederates 
about a half mile. The Federals there advanced and 
pressed the Confederates back. R. W. Johnson, Ken- 
tucky, had hurried from Crawfish Springs arriving almost 
simultaneously with Palmer, and just in time to prevent 
the rout of the Federal left. Cheatham advanced to the 
support of the Confederate forces, but was hurled back 
by an attacking column which Thomas had organized, the 
reinforcements overlapping the Confederates. Palmer, 
with Johnson on the left, moved forward, and, after an 
hour's fighting, forced Cheatham back a mile and a half, 
Johnson capturing seven guns with a large number of 
prisoners. Reynolds arriving soon after Johnson, formed 
to the right here. Crittenden moved troops to fill a gap 
yet remaining between him and Thomas. Early in the 
day the Confederates unsuccessfully attempted to cross 
the Chickamauga near Lee & Gordon's mills, 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 161 

During a lull, Thomas, to strengthen his left, retired 
Brannan's and another division to a commanding position 
on the road to Reed's bridge. The Confederates struck 
Thomas further down the line than the first attack and 
took ten guns. The broken troops were reenforced. The 
reorganized division of Brannan came to their support. 
In transferring Brannan's division from the left to the 
right of Reynolds, Thomas drove back the Confederates 
after his line had been pierced. Brannan made a striking 
charge upon the victorious Confederates. Some of the 
guns were recaptured. Palmer had sent supports. Five 
brigades had been borne back with broken lines, when 
Thomas moved Brannan in the exigency from his left to 
his disordered right. J. T. Croxton, Kentucky, defeated 
the effort to turn Reynolds' right and rear. He reached 
there just in time. The timely reenforcement, the quick 
reformation of portions of Palmer's and Reynolds' divi- 
sions, and the play of artillery, arrested the disaster. 
The artillery was especially effective. When the Confed- 
erates moved through the chasm they were met by troops 
from Crittenden and Brannan's, which wheeled upon them 
from near Kelley's house. With Johnson, Reynolds 
helped greatly in repulsing the attack. Reynolds, by 
able generalship and hard fighting, restored the broken 
line in his front. Bragg's whole right had been stopped. 

At 3 p. m. Hood attacked the right center. Troops 
had been sent to turn the Confederate left and were met 
by a large force moving to separate the two wings of the 
Federal army. Two brigades were driven from position. 
There was then a wide breach in the Federal right center. 
The Confederates had captured artillery and seized the 
Chattanooga road. Reinforcements came up. Thos. J. 
Wood, Kentucky, moved with two brigades. The efforts 
of the Confederates to pass around the right of the troops 
to the north of him were defeated. The Confederates 
were forced back by Wood and three other fresh divisions. 



162 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Wood was valiant and effective. His horse was killed un- 
der him. 

At 5 p. m. the Confederates renewed the battle against 
the left flank, pressing it heavily. Thomas had selected 
ground for a new and more compact line. Before John- 
son's division and another could be withdrawn to it, they 
were attacked by Cleburne's fresh division, supported by 
Cheatham's. The left flank was forced back some distance. 
After a heavy night conflict of an hour, the Confederates 
were stopped. The rapid movement of the whole army 
to the left had saved it. The dispositions had prevented 
the success of Bragg's strategy and tactics. Late in the 
day a Confederate effort at Lee & Gordon's mills was re- 
pulsed. The three corps had been mixed. Thomas was 
handling one division each from the other two corps. 
Crittenden had two divisions posted to support either the 
left or the right. 

Longstreet reached Ringgold in the evening with several 
brigades. During the night he reenforced Bragg. The 
next day he commanded the left wing and Polk the right 
wing. 

Thomas made rude breastworks of logs, found in the 
woods, stones and rails along his entire front during the 
night, which were of essential service the next day. 

Battle of Chickamauga, September 20th. This day the 
Federals had both flanks well refused. Thomas com- 
manded the six divisions on the left ; there were two at 
the right, and Crittenden commanded the two in reserve. 
The Confederates outflanked Thomas' left. There was a 
heavy fog and Polk did not attack at daylight as ordered. 
Thomas desired one of his divisions for his left flank. 
Crittenden directed Wood to relieve it, and directed that 
two brigades take position in rear of Wood in reserve. 
Only one of the brigades sent to Thomas was ready in time 
for his left flank. The Confederates attacked heavily and 
Thomas' left flank was overlapped, but Thomas placed 
troops who checked the onslaught into his flank and rear. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 163 

The Confederate attack was broken, Thomas' artillery 
being especially effective. Thomas had repeated his re- 
quest for reinforcements. Another of the brigades from 
Crittenden came. Thomas withstood heavy frontal as- 
saults. Two more brigades on the right were ordered to 
Thomas, a third to follow. Crittenden was directed to send 
two brigades. All but one of the reserve brigades were 
thereby put in motion to the left. Wood moved to pass 
behind Brannan and support Reynolds just as Longstreet 
attacked. A reserve brigade was thrown toward the wide 
vacant space. Longstreet was soon upon them. The last 
brigade of Wood's division to leave position was severed 
as it retired and Brannan was struck in flank. When 
Brannan was struck, he gathered his division on a hill at 
right angles to his former position and half a mile in 
rear of Reynolds. He took a strong position, but isolated, 
a high knoll called Snodgrass hill, on the curving ridge 
running east then north, named " Horse Shoe Ridge," to 
the right and rear of his former one. The Federal right 
wing was routed. After some order had been restored, 
that wing retreated on to Chattanooga. Crittenden him- 
self was borne back in the rush and went to Chattanooga. 
T. J. Harrison, Kentucky, coming from the south, met 
Longstreet's left with a most effective charge with one 
regiment, armed with Spencer repeating rifles. He at- 
tacked the Confederates in rear and took 200 prisoners 
back south toward Crawfish Spring. One of Reynolds' 
brigades with Spencer's also attacked from that quarter. 
Longstreet thought a large force had struck his left flank, 
the continuous firing deceiving him. The Confederates 
broke and fled. They charged again, and again broke 
and fled, when the brigade and Harrison poured a volley 
into them. Three more times the Confederates charged 
and were hurled back. Harrison's regiment was mounted 
infantry. It moved off under orders, and helped guard 
the ammunition train to Chattanooga. The rapid move- 
ment of Brannan's batteries threw a division into utter 



164 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

disorder, and, in this condition, it was involved in the rout 
of all the troops on Brannan's right. There was artillery 
in the rear. Many guns fell into the Confederates' hands. 
Brannan's right flank, in swinging back under fire, when 
the line was broken, was thrown into temporary confusion. 
His left was secure, and order was soon restored. He was 
able to maintain position until a lull enabled him to gain 
the new one. Reynolds' right flank was exposed. He 
changed front so as to be at right angles with the line on 
his left. There he held firmly to Palmer's right. Wood 
moved to fill the gap between Reynolds and Brannan. If 
he should be unable to occupy and hold this interval, Long- 
street would be in position to pass through, cut off Bran- 
nan, turn and strike Reynolds and then attack the three 
divisions which held of the original line on the left. Wood 
coolly changed front under fire, so as to face south instead 
of east, and caused one of his brigades to charge with fixed 
bayonets. The Confederates fell back and Wood gained 
time to fill the gap between Reynolds and Brannan par- 
tially. All the divisions left on the field were commanded 
by southerners except one of Thomas' divisions. Wood 
reported to Thomas. Thomas' extreme left had again re- 
pulsed attacks simultaneously with an attack upon his 
right, which, too, was repulsed. When Longstreet broke 
through, Thomas had ridden to his right to hurry up re- 
enforcements for the left. The Confederates advanced in 
the woods in rear of Reynolds. Thomas had expected 
help from that quarter. He had just repulsed Brecken- 
ridge's attack on the left. Three brigades had double- 
quicked across the Horse Shoe (now the shape of the Fed- 
eral line, both flanks having been bent and extended back 
to meet Confederates threatening to work around into the 
Federal rear) to the Federal new right. They were barely 
in time. Stewart and Bate to the right of Longstreet had 
taken up his attack. Thomas chose the strong position on 
a spur of Missionary Ridge at right angles to his old line 
and placed troops. For a time there were but five divisions 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 165 

in line against the whole Confederate army. Confederates 
were concentrating on both flanks, and made heavy as- 
saults. From noon Thomas' line stood the attack. The 
approach of hostile columns first revealed to Thomas some- 
what of the condition on the right, though he did not learn 
the extent of the disaster till late in the day. He received 
report from one of his staff of being fired upon by troops 
in the rear of Reynolds. He gave orders they should be 
fired upon if proven hostile. Fighting soon disclosed that 
the Federal right had been turned. Thomas directed Wood 
to form on the left of Brannan and notified Reynolds that 
Confederates were in his rear. The Confederate left wing 
then fell upon Wood and Brannan. They resisted furious 
onslaughts. They were insulated, and a strong Confed- 
erate force passed around Brannan's right flank to his 
rear. Thomas took position in the rear of Wood's line. 
With no troops between, he now saw the Confederates ad- 
vancing in a direction to strike him before he could reach 
his troops. At this dire moment, reinforcements from the 
north around Ringgold came — Whittaker, Kentucky, and 
another brigade. As the Confederates moved down the 
northern slope of the ridge toward the rear of Brannan 
and Wood, Whittaker's and the other brigade were hurled 
at them, drove them over the ridge and formed on Bran- 
nan's right, but lost heavily. These two brigades were the 
salvation of the army. They stopped the advance into 
Thomas' rear. Of Whittaker's staff officers three were 
killed, three wounded, and one killed or captured. Long- 
street had flanked the new Federal right. Whittaker had 
marched about four miles to the battlefield. To the south 
of Thomas' line was a gorge. As Whittaker approached, 
the Confederates who had passed the gorge and were form- 
ing on the ridge for assault hesitated. Whittaker, when 
sent against the Confederates in the gorge and on the ridge, 
advanced in two lines at double-quick. When well up the 
ridge the men, almost exhausted, were halted for breath. 
The Confederates were dislodged. His brigade plunged 



166 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

into the gorge through which Hindman's left was pouring. 
Thomas' direction of the troops drove the Confederates 
over the hills at 3 :35 p. m. Whittaker was wounded, and 
four of his five staff officers were killed or mortally 
wounded. At 3 p. m. Longstreet had called for reinforce- 
ments. They were not given, and Longstreet attacked 
again. Twice the Confederates charged and were driven 
back from the ridge. In repelling Longstreet's third as- 
sault, the 4th Kentucky regiment joined one of Brannan's 
brigades and fought with it until night. Wood's and 
Brannan's men rushed at the Confederates with the bayonet 
and sent them down the slopes. A Kentucky brigade lost 
75% of its strength. Longstreet put in his reserve division 
— Preston's. Hindman was, however, driven from the hill 
above Villetoe's by Whittaker's and the other brigade from 
Ringgold, notwithstanding which, Preston was put in, and 
Longstreet renewed the attack with his whole force. Long- 
street, in heavy force, was repeatedly repulsed. The Fed- 
eral position was like a parapet — finely defensive. One 
of Palmer's brigades was put in between Wood and Reyn- 
olds. 

Bragg again attempted to turn Thomas' left and gain 
the Rossville road. He partly succeeded. Thomas had 
not been reenforced save by one brigade of Wood's di- 
vision. Breckenridge, on the Confederate right, took in 
reverse the Federal main line near Kelley's. He had no 
support ; he advanced boldly, but was overwhelmed by the 
reserve brigades of Johnson's, Palmer's and Brannan's di- 
visions. He was driven around Thomas' left. Furious 
attacks upon Palmer and Johnson failed. None of the 
divisions on Thomas' left was engaged again until late in 
the afternoon. Two brigades were returned to the Federal 
right. About 1 :30 one of Brannan's brigades arrived 
from a successful charge on Breckenridge. It was about 
1 :30 Snodgrass hill was assaulted. Brannan's right was 
overlapped. 

After awhile Thomas received orders placing him in 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 167 

command of all the forces. He felt that it would ruin the 
army to withdraw it at that time, and determined to try to 
hold the position till night. He tried to have two of the 
routed right-wing divisions which had stopped from their 
flight brought up to aid his right, but they were found to 
have moved on and only one returned. The 17th Kentucky 
regiment reached it. 

The Confederate right attacked at 4 p. m. Cleburne car- 
ried the breastworks, and Breckenridge and Walker pushed 
on, passing the Chattanooga road, when their right was un- 
able to overcome the forces covering the Federals' re- 
treat. 

Some one had ordered Thomas' corps ammunition train 
to Chattanooga, and many division trains, separated, had 
gone to the rear. Ammunition on the battle line got short. 

The Federal east front fell back, and the two Confed- 
erate wings united. Preston gained the ridge running east 
from Snodgrass hill a half hour later. Longstreet's at- 
tack at 4 :30 gained the salient. Two captains whom 
Thomas had sent to the rear for ammunition came back. 
Ammunition was supplied and orders to withdraw by di- 
visions at 5 :30 were issued — Reynolds first. Thomas, go- 
ing to direct him, met a force that had gained the woods in 
Reynolds' rear. He ordered Reynolds to charge them. 
The Confederates yielded there. Part of them were driven 
beyond Thomas' left. Thomas posted brigades to hold the 
road while the troops passed by. Palmer, Johnson, and 
his left flank division were attacked as they left position. 
The division called up by Thomas from the routed right 
wing neared the field about night. Thomas often came 
within speaking distance of the men during the day. 
Wood, Kentucky, was struck several times and severely 
contused. Whittaker, Kentucky, lost 154 killed, 654 
wounded and 518 missing, total 1,326 — a noteworthy rec- 
ord. J. T. Croxton, Kentucky, was wounded. The serv- 
ices of the brave Brannan, Johnson, Palmer, Wood and 
Reynolds are worthy of mention. Durbin Ward, Ken- 



168 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

tucky, fought with merit. He was severely wounded. 
Alex. M. Stout, Kentucky, was engaged. Rousseau was 
engaged in the Chickamauga campaign. Eli Long, Ken- 
tucky, was engaged in the pursuit of Wheeler and Roddy. 
L. D. Watkins, Florida, commanded a cavalry brigade. 

Thomas was ordered to Rossville Gap. During the night 
he formed a new line at Rossville. 

At Chickamauga, the rout of half the army going on, 
Thomas had to fight the whole victorious Confederate 
army with the remaining half, or conform in the direction 
of retreat. His decision commanded plaudit. With 
calamities crowding, accumulating disorders, he kept in- 
domitable, composed and resourceful. His defensive bat- 
tle of Chickamauga shines in the line of the great defensive 
battles. 

September 21st Thomas was occupied in checking the 
Confederate advance on Chattanooga. He made arrange- 
ments for withdrawal from Rossville to Chattanooga, and 
the troops marched to Chattanooga during the night. 

September 22d the Army of the Cumberland was placed 
in positions around Chattanooga. Weakened, it was in 
peril there. Marching orders were received September 
22d for the 11th and 12th corps to go from the Army 
of the Potomac to its assistance. The movement com- 
menced from the east side of the Rappahannock the 24th. 
Bragg had the Army of the Cumberland invested in Chat- 
tanooga by the 24th. Reinforcements were sent also from 
Vicksburg and the Department including it. 

Alex. A. Semmes, District of Columbia, made a demon- 
stration on Bayport, Fla., in September, 1863, which re- 
sulted in the destruction of an English blockade-runner. 

Wm. P. Sanders, Kentucky, became Chief of Cavalry, 
Department of the Ohio, in September, 1863. 

Jas. H. Stokes, Maryland, was in the Chattanooga 
campaign, in command of an artillery division, October, 
1863, to February, 1864. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 169 

John Newton, Virginia, was in the Rapidan campaign, 
October to December, 1863. 

Bragg sent cavalry against his opponent's communica- 
tions, which captured McMinnville October 4th. 

Near Murfreesboro a saber charge by the 2d Kentucky, 
led by Eli Long, Kentucky, dislodged Wheeler's rear- 
guard. 

At Duck River Long made a headlong charge against 
Davidson's division, and drove the Confederates 13 miles, 
killing and capturing many. At Farmington Long was 
wounded. He fought well. 

Bragg bombarded Chattanooga October 5th. 

October 7th Lee was at work in a turning movement 
of the Federal right flank. The Federals fell back, cross- 
ing the Rappahannock. John Buford, Kentucky, cov- 
ered the movement. 

Action of Auburn, October 7th. French, Maryland, 
was engaged. 

Action of Brandy Station, October 11th. A. Pleas- 
anton, District of Columbia, was in command. 

Fort Morgan, October 12th. Wm. K. Mayo, Virginia, 
naval officer, fought with credit. 

Shelby, Confederate, had entered Missouri. He cap- 
tured several posts in southwest Missouri. In an action 
near Marshall, Mo., October 13th, he was defeated and 
his artillery captured, and his command scattered by Mis- 
souri militia. He was pursued out of the State. 

P. St. George Cooke, Virginia, was in command of the 
Baton Rouge District from October 13th, 1863, to May, 
1864. 

Action at Auburn, Va., October 14th. S. S. Carroll was 
engaged. 

Combat of Bristoe Station, Va., October 14th. A. P. 
Hill was about to attack the 3d corps when the 5th corps, 
bringing up the rear of the Army of the Potomac, unex- 
pectedly approached his rear. He faced about, they 



170 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

fought, and the 5th corps gained an advantage, withdraw- 
ing on Ewell's approach. The Confederates were pun- 
ished smartly. John Buford and S. S. Carroll were en- 
gaged. 

The Federals continued north to Centreville. After- 
ward, Lee fell back, followed by the Federal army. 

George H. Thomas, Virginia, was in command of the 
Department and Army of the Cumberland from October 
19th, 1863. 

Bragg commanded the Tennessee River, and the rail- 
road above Bridgeport, and the shortest and best wagon 
roads on both sides of the river, between Bridgeport and 
Chattanooga. The roundabout route for the Federals was 
over sixty miles, while the distance by railroad was only 
twenty-six. October 19th the Brown's Ferry route was 
discovered. Thomas received the information. He was 
engaged in opening communications by the Tennessee 
River and Lookout Valley to November 24th. The army 
was not in a condition to retreat over the poor routes ac- 
cessible, and Thomas determined to hold Chattanooga to 
privation. 

Confederate cavalry north of the Tennessee River 
stopped a train of ammunition and medical supplies. 
Thomas ordered the concentration of the 11th and 12th 
corps at Bridgeport. By October 22d, he had ordered and 
commenced the work of opening communication via Bridge- 
port. His efforts for improved order were responded to 
by the troops. The 11th and 12th corps remained under 
him, after October 24th, augmenting the Army of the 
Cumberland, but the troops which later made the left wing 
— i. e., the Army of the Tennessee, were not under his 
command. 

Fort Sumter was bombarded during forty days and 
nights beginning October 26th, 1863. 

Troops of the 11th and 12th corps crossed at Bridge- 
port, October 26th. 

Cane Creek, Ala., October 26th. Blair, Kentucky, oc- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 171 

cupied Tuscumbia October 27th, after the fight at Cane 
Creek. 

Brown's Ferry was taken by Thomas October 27th. 
The 11th and 12th corps, under Thomas' direction, moved 
to effect a junction and restore communications to Chat- 
tanooga the 27th. They connected at Brown's Ferry 
28th, and the river was thus secured from Lookout Val- 
ley to Bridgeport, breaking the fatal power of the siege. 
Afterward Brannan, District of Columbia, as Chief of 
Artillery of the Army of the Cumberland, was charged 
with preparing the fortifications for heavier guns, and 
sending for such guns and ammunition. 

J. McA. Palmer, Kentucky, was assigned to the com- 
mand of the 14th corps October 28th, 1863. 

Combat of Wauhatchie, Tenn. Bragg made a night at- 
tack October 28th on some of Thomas' troops which had 
connected at Brown's Ferry. Others coming up from the 
river, the Confederates withdrew. 

October 30th, representatives from about twenty 
Arkansas counties assembled at Fort Smith to take 
measures for forming a Federal State government. A 
meeting was held at Little Rock that day. 

Alex. A. Semmes, District of Columbia, attacked the 
batteries of Tampa in October. 

Guy V. Henry, Indian Territory, was engaged in op- 
erations against Charleston till November, 1863. 

J. R. Meigs, District of Columbia, was Chief Engineer, 
Department of West Virginia, November 3d, 1863, to 
August 17th, 1864. 

Longstreet left the vicinity of Chattanooga for hostili- 
ties against Knoxville November 4th. 

Action of Droop Mountain, W. Va., November 6th. 
J. R. Meigs, District of Columbia, was engaged. 

Mine Run Campaign. The Army of the Potomac 
moved against Lee. 

Passage of Kelly's Ford, November 7th. French, with 
the 2d and 3d corps, forced the passage. 



172 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Combat of Rappahannock Station, Rappahannock re- 
doubts, November 7th. Federal batteries made little im- 
pression, and near night the Federals charged, and cap- 
tured the works. The Confederates lost 1,674; Federals 
417. K. Garrard, Kentucky, was among those engaged. 
These two successes enabled the army to cross and move 
south. The next day beyond Brandy Station French 
pushed the Confederates. 

Combat of Campbell's Station, Knoxville, Tenn., No- 
vember 16th. When the Confederates came upon Knox- 
ville, Wm. P. Sanders, Kentucky, Chief of Cavalry, de- 
layed them with some cavalry while the infantry were con- 
structing defensive works. He held his position next day, 
while using his men dismounted to interpose a screen while 
infantry dug the trenches. He had rail barricades for 
his men. He exposed his person when necessary to keep 
his men from retreating therefrom. He was mortally 
wounded. Sanders had made a good record. The time 
gained was precious. The Federals fell back from their 
first position when the Confederates moved to flank their 
left. They maintained their second position and at night 
continued on to Knoxville. Saml. P. Carter, Tennessee, 
was engaged. 

J. M. Shackelford, Kentucky, commanded the cavalry 
corps at Knoxville from November 17th to December 4th, 
1863. 

November 22d Buckner's division was sent to reenforce 
Longstreet before Knoxville. 

Battles of Chattanooga, Tenn., November 23d, 24th 
and 25th, 1863. Thomas commanded all of the army ex- 
cept the left wing, which attacked the north end of Mis- 
sionary Ridge. He proposed that the 12th corps push 
around the north end of Lookout Mountain, dislodging the 
Confederates. Orchard Knob was a mile south of the 
Federal line, and was the advanced position of the Con- 
federates. Missionary Ridge, east of that, extends north 
and south. Bragg's right flank rested, not on the north- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 173 

ernmost summit of Missionary Ridge, but on the third 
one to the south — a much stronger position. 

Orchard Knob, November 23d. Thomas executed a 
reconnoissance in force, so disposing his forces as to take 
advantage of the success gained. Thomas moved Wood's 
and another division to the foot of Fort Wood and formed 
them in line, Wood on the left. Palmer, Kentucky, held 
that part of Thomas' line facing south and southwest. R. 
W. Johnson, Kentucky, commanded one of the two di- 
visions of Palmer's corps. The 11th corps was in rear 
of the center. At 2 p. m. Thomas advanced. Wood be- 
gan the advance. He deployed before Fort Wood, moved 
forward and led in carrying Orchard Knob and a hill to 
the right. Other troops were moved up on the right and 
left, Palmer supporting him. Wood struck in flank Con- 
federates fighting the troops laboring for the position on 
the left. The reconnoissance was well executed, securing 
important ground, driving Confederates from the ad- 
vanced line. Thomas signaled Wood : " You have 
gained too much to withdraw; hold your position and I 
will support you." So minor heights were carried, and a 
line a mile in advance was obtained, theretofore occupied 
by Confederates. The position was fortified. This suc- 
cess caused Bragg to weaken his force at Lookout Moun- 
tain. That day Thomas directed that the 12th corps 
make a demonstration against Lookout Mountain next 
morning, and, if feasible, take it at the north point. 
During the night of the 23d, Brannan, Chief of Artillery, 
moved forty pieces of artillery, and placed them on the 
north side of the Tennessee River so as to command the 
opposite ground, and aid in protecting the approach to 
the point where the south end of the bridge to be used by 
the left wing in crossing was to rest. 

Lookout Mountain, November 24th. The brigade of 
W. C. Whittaker, Kentucky, crossed Lookout Creek at 
Wauhatchie, drove back the Confederate pickets, swept 
down its right bank, clearing it of Confederates, and 



174 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

covered the crossing of other forces. He ascended Look- 
out Mountain on the west side to the foot of the palisade, 
and, with other troops, marched along its western slope to 
the north point. Brannan had guns at Moccasin Point, 
on the north bank of the Tennessee River, which opened 
a direct fire on the north point of Lookout. The Confed- 
erates along the western side were driven. The 12th 
corps turned the northern slope of Lookout Mountain at 1 
p. m., Whittaker highest up. On Craven's farm, half-way 
up the point, the Confederates made a stand, but were de- 
feated and retreated down the eastern side. Brannan's ar- 
tillery rendered important aid. Some Confederate troops 
were on the summit, the palisade rising between. The 
12th corps connected with Thomas' other troops this day. 
He directed its position and movements. T. C. Fletcher, 
Missouri, was engaged. 

Missionary Ridge, November 24th. This demonstra- 
tion by Thomas against the Confederate left occupied 
Bragg while the movement against his right was gaining 
momentum. Thomas had Eli Long move on the left flank 
of the combined Federal armies, cross Chickamauga Creek 
with his brigade, and make a raid upon the Confederate 
communications to the northeast. Long crossed on the 
24th, reached Tyner's Station, and went as far as Charles- 
ton, Tenn. Three divisions of the left wing were under F. 
P. Blair, Kentucky. The left wing moved over the Ten- 
nessee River on the 24th. It started at 1 p. m. to seize a 
hill at the north of Missionary Ridge. Cavalry crossed to 
the east of South Chickamauga River and rode to strike 
communications at Chickamauga Station. The 11th 
corps, of Thomas, effected a junction with the left wing, 
or Army of the Tennessee. By 4 p. m. the left wing had 
occupied the two northernmost summits of Missionary 
Ridge. 

Bragg evacuated Lookout Mountain during the night. 
Eight volunteers from the 8th Kentucky infantry, before 
daylight 25th, ran up the United States flag on the pali- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 175 

sades of Lookout Mountain. The Confederates burnt 
bridges over Chattanooga Creek. 

Missionary Ridge, November 25th. Early the 25th 
Thomas had the 12th corps march south toward Rossville. 
Later, he ordered an advance upon Confederate works on 
their left. Both armies were massed heavily on the east. 
The Federal efforts to turn and break the Confederate 
right flank failed. There was a depression between the 
hill gained by the Federal left wing and the remainder of 
Missionary Ridge. The Federal attack was repulsed. A 
division from Thomas was sent to aid. The 12th corps 
was delayed four hours restoring a bridge necessitated by 
the burning of the bridges over Chattanooga Creek. As a 
relief to the left wing, Thomas was ordered to advance a 
force at the center to the rifle-pits, first line, and re- 
form, without waiting for Bragg to further weaken his 
center to meet the 12th corps on his left. The 12th corps 
forded Chattanooga Creek a little after 3 p. m. It made 
for Rossville Gap to menace the Confederate left flank 
under Thomas' orders. The 12th corps reached the Con- 
federate left flank, which retreated beyond Rossville. The 
12th corps was then disposed to sweep northward along 
Missionary Ridge. While thus forming, Thomas' center 
advance was made, between 3 and 4 p. m., Brannan's guns 
supporting. Thomas' storming line was two and a half 
miles front. His division that had helped the left wing 
had returned. Bragg had a line at the base, another half- 
way up, and intrenchments at the top of Missionary Ridge 
where Thomas assaulted. His troops drove the Confed- 
erates who were in front of the lower line of rifle-pits so 
rapidly and followed them so closely that they went over 
the first line of works just after the Confederates. With- 
out orders, being exposed to a fierce fire, they started 
charging up from the rifle-pits. Seeing that the charge 
was on, Wood and others gave appropriate orders to add 
weight to it. The Federals were so close behind the Con- 
federates ascending the ridge that the latter fired high to 



176 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

keep from killing their own men. The Federals did not re- 
form, but went on over the second line and made for the 
crest. Wood charged on horse-back. Wood's and an- 
other division climbed over the Confederate barrier in their 
fronts on the crest, part of the Confederate line retreating 
precipitately. Many were captured and many others 
threw away their arms as they fled. R. W. Johnson's di- 
vision participated in the charge up Missionary Ridge on 
the right center. He moved up the ridge in line, taking 
the ridge in his front. Wood's men enfiladed the Confed- 
erate line. The 12th corps swept northward. Johnson 
advanced, capturing many troops driven north along the 
ridge by the 12th corps. He moved upon Rossville. At 
Rossville the 12th corps had come upon the flank of a 
Confederate division, which retreated along the ridge and 
were thrown on Palmer's corps, many being captured. 
Thomas captured 37 guns on the summit. The 12th 
corps carried works on the summit at Bragg's left near sun- 
down. One of Wood's brigades was in the pursuit down 
the eastern slope of Missionary Ridge. The Confederates 
occupied a second hill in rear of Missionary Ridge and re- 
sisted, but Thomas' men pushed up the hill slowly, and 
moved to surround it, almost succeeding before the Con- 
federates hastily fled, leaving artillery and many prisoners 
— a large part of the entire number captured on the field. 
Thomas' left division participating in the assault had the 
longest fight for the possession of the ridge. Bragg's 
headquarters were in Thomas' possession just before sun- 
set. Wood fought till dark. In the battle Thomas cap- 
tured forty pieces of artillery. 

In the battles of Chattanooga Thomas showed to ad- 
vantage. Palmer, commanding the 14th corps, and Reyn- 
olds the 19th, made a good record. Blair commanded 
the 15th corps. Brannan, commanding the Artillery Re- 
serve, was in charge of the artillery of the combined' arm- 
ies of the Cumberland and the Tennessee. Chas. Candy, 
Kentucky ; J. A. Williamson, Kentucky ; Jas. H. Stokes, 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 177 

Maryland, and Jos. R. Cockerill, Virginia, were engaged. 
Eleven Federal Kentucky regiments were at Missionary 
Ridge. Montgomery C. Meigs, Georgia, provided trans- 
portation and supplies for the forces at Chattanooga, was 
present during the bombardment and investment, and en- 
gaged in the battles of Chattanooga. Rousseau was em- 
ployed in the Chattanooga campaign. 

Chickamauga Station, November 26th. 

Palmer, Kentucky, in pursuit after the battles of Chat- 
tanooga, picked up many prisoners and much abandoned 
property. He overtook and charged the Confederate rear- 
guard, breaking it and capturing three guns. 

Eli Long's brigade was dispatched for the relief of 
Knoxville. He was sent with picked men to communicate 
with the besieged army. A relieving army in three di- 
visions, which were to act independently, marched to the 
relief of Knoxville. Blair commanded the right division 
in the advance. Wood was in the march. 

Mine Run Campaign. The Army of the Potomac 
crossed the Rapidan River November 26th and moved to- 
ward Mine Run. French, Maryland, crossed at Germanna 
Ford. He was in command of the 3d corps. 

Payne's Farm, Va., November 27th, 1863. French's ad- 
vance was checked and he was engaged. 

Combat at Ringgold Gap, November 27th. Thomas 
fought. The Confederates were pushed and took up a 
retired line. 

Mine Run Campaign. A Federal corps moved the night 
of November 28th to flank Lee's right. 

Combat of Knoxville, Fort Sanders, November 29th and 
30th. Longstreet unsuccessfully attacked the Fort and 
to the right of it. 

Mine Run Campaign. A corps massed during the night 
of November 29th to reach Lee's left flank and rear. Lee 
understood the movement against his right flank, and for- 
tified against it, and the Federal attack was abandoned 
there. 



178 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Battle of Mine Run, Va., November 30th. Federal bat- 
teries opened on Lee's left, and two corps were in position 
to attack there, but the fortification of Lee's right, pre- 
venting attack on it, prevented the coordinated attack on 
his left. S. S. Carroll was engaged in the Mine Run 
campaign. 

From November, 1863, L. H. Rousseau, Kentucky, was 
in command of the District of the Tennessee. 

December 1st the Army of the Potomac started to re- 
tire north of the Rapidan. 

Thomas reorganized his army between December 1st, 
1863, and May 2d, 1864. He became the commanding 
general of the whole force opposed to the Confederate 
army near Chattanooga, the command of which passed 
from Bragg to Hardee December 2d. 

The siege of Knoxville was raised the night of Decem- 
ber 4th. The Army of the Ohio had been enabled to hold 
Knoxville by supplies furnished by Tennesseans in sym- 
pathy with the Federal army. The 4th corps, Army of 
the Cumberland, was part of the force which reenforced 
Knoxville, December 4th-6th. 

After the siege of Knoxville was raised, Eli Long, Ken- 
tucky, went toward North Carolina to cut off one of Long- 
street's trains. 

Action of Bean's Station, and Morristown, Tenn., De- 
cember 14th. J. M. Shackelford, Kentucky, had pursued 
Longstreet after the siege of Knoxville was raised. 
Shackelford had 4,000 cavalry. The Confederates had a 
brigade, parts of two others, and artillery. Shackelford 
fell back at night. 

Hardee was succeeded by Polk December 23d. 

Attack by fleet at Stono River, December 25th. The 
Pawnee, commanded by Geo. B. Balch, Tennessee, was 
struck 46 times. The Marblehead was opened on by Con- 
federate batteries. The Pawnee took an enfilading posi- 
tion and caused the retreat of the Confederates. He after- 
ward captured two guns. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 179 

Jos. E. Johnston assumed command of the Confederate 
army relieving Polk December 27th. 

Calhoun, Tenn., December 27th, 1863. Eli Long, Ken- 
tucky, with a small force defeated Wheeler's men. Long 
charged a small force of Confederates who had been sep- 
arated from the main body after the main fight and scat- 
tered it, taking 131 prisoners. 

In the Red River campaign, December, 1863, to July, 
1864, Emory, Maryland, commanded the 19th corps and 
1st division. 

T. A. Jenkins, Virginia, commanded a division block- 
ading the entrance of Mobile Bay, December, 1863, to 
August, 1864. 

J. J. Reynolds, Kentucky, commanded the defenses of 
New Orleans from January to June, 1864. 

Farragut was before Mobile from the beginning of 
1864 till its capture. 

Sol. Meredith, North Carolina, was in command of 
Cairo early in 1864. 

Saml. P. Carter, Tennessee, defeated Confederates at 
Jonesville, Va., January 3d, 1864. 

Ord, Maryland, was in command of the 13th corps in 
the Department of the Gulf, January 8th to February 
20th, 1864. 

January 11th, 1864, a provisional free-state govern- 
ment was inaugurated at Little Rock, Ark. A conven- 
tion assembled at Little Rock and framed a Federal State 
constitution. 

Dandridge, Tenn., January 15th. Wood, Kentucky, 
confronted Longstreet's men. 

January 20th Farragut made a reconnoissance of Mobile 
Bay, Forts Gaines and Morgan. 

Getty was Acting Inspector General, Army of the Po- 
tomac, January 27th to March 18th, 1864. 

In action near Pocotaligo River in February, 1864, 
Guy V. Henry, Indian Territory, was conspicuous. He 
served his pieces well. Two horses were shot under him. 



180 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Expedition from Vicksburg to Meridian, Miss., Feb- 
ruary 3d to March 5th. Hurlbut, South Carolina, com- 
manded one of the two columns. There were 20,000 men 
and 20 guns. The railroads were destroyed en route. 

Action of Camp Finnegan, February 8th. Henry, 
Indian Territory, captured a battery at Camp Finnegan 
the night of February 8th without the loss of a man, 
taking about 100 prisoners, 8 guns and valuable prop- 
erty. 

The expedition from Vicksburg reached Meridian Feb- 
ruary 14th. The army remained there till the 20th, 
when it was put in motion toward Central Mississippi. It 
remained in Canton till the 28th. Later the troops went 
to Vicksburg and Memphis. 

Battle of Olustee, Fla., Florida Expedition, February 
20th, 1864. Henry had marched west from Jacksonville, 
in command of a small brigade of cavalry and mounted in- 
fantry, and proceeded to within three miles of Lake City. 
The main body moved February 20th, Henry in advance. 
J. R. Hawley, North Carolina, commanded a brigade at 
the Battle of Olustee. The Federals were defeated and 
Henry covered the retreat. 

There was a meeting at Louisville of a Border States 
" freedom convention " February 22d-23d, 1864. There 
were a hundred delegates from Kentucky, Missouri, Ten- 
nessee and Arkansas. 

Farragut attacked Fort Powell, Mobile Bay, February 
22d to March 2d. He bombarded it for six days. 

Federal Louisiana chose a governor February 22d. 

H. G. Gibson, Maryland, was in command of the Dis- 
trict of Northern Central Kentucky, February 22d to 
April 9th, 1864. 

February 22d, 1864, Thomas, in chief command of the 
army he was with, started on a formidable reconnoissance 
against Johnston at Dalton, Ga. His movement was upon 
Rocky Face Ridge, Tunnel Hill at the north and Buz- 
zard's Roost on the ridge. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 181 

Combat of Tunnel Hill, February 22d to 25th. Palmer, 
Kentucky, took possession of Tunnel Hill February 24th. 
Johnston's men successfully resisted Thomas at Buzzard's 
Roost the 25th. There was fighting at Dug Gap the 26th 
and Buzzard's Roost the 27th. Bragg, on February 24th, 
was charged with the conduct of military operations in the 
armies of the Confederacy. Thomas withdrew his forces 
and returned to Chattanooga. 

F. M. Ramsay, District of Columbia, commanded a 
naval expedition via Red River up the Black and Ouachita 
rivers February 29th. Bache, District of Columbia, com- 
manded the Lexington. At Trinity and Harrisonburg 
Polignac was repulsed. Ramsay went nearly to Monroe, 
La., on the Ouachita. 

March 6th Geo. B. Balch, Tennessee, with gunboats, 
participated in an expedition up the St. John's River. 

Red River Campaign against Shreveport, La. The 
most formidable naval force ever collected in the western 
waters, convoying 10,000 troops, entered the Red River 
March 12th, 1864. Three divisions landed at Simmsport, 
La., March 13th, part of the vessels having turned into 
the Atchafalaya River with these troops. Another body 
of troops marched from Brashear City and Franklin, La., 
March 13th. The vessels all went up the Red River to 
Fort de Russy, and the troops at Simmsport marched on 
the 14th to Fort de Russy. Nearly 40,000 men were in 
the expedition. 

Fort de Russy was captured March 14th by assault. 
In this campaign F. M. Ramsay commanded the Choctaw; 
Bache the Lexington, and J. P. Foster, Kentucky, the 
Lafayette. 

The fleet arrived off Alexandria, La., the 15th. Other 
troops followed on transports. Alexandria was occupied 
by the Federals March 16th. The Confederates retired 
up the river. Twenty Federal gunboats went up the Red 
River. 

The 1st and 3d corps passed out of existence March 



182 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

23d, 1864, in reorganization. Newton came to Thomas. 

March 23d A. W. Weaver, District of Columbia, sent 
boats from the Winona which captured a steamer in Santee 
River, causing Confederate batteries to fire on her. 

The troops who had come by land from Brashear City 
reached Alexandria March 25th and 26th. Transports 
carried the army advance from Alexandria to Natchitoches, 
whence the army marched toward Shreveport. Vessels 
went up to Springfield Landing, about thirty miles below 
Shreveport, carrying 2,500 soldiers. Columns moved 
from Little Rock and Fort Smith, Ark., also directed 
against Shreveport. 

March 31st, 1864, Longstreet's troops, having wintered 
in east Tennessee, retired to Virginia. 

In March, 1864, in Arkansas, the Federal State con- 
stitution was ratified by popular vote. In April, a Fed- 
eral State government was organized. 

Ord was in command of troops assembled at Grafton, 
Webster and Beverly, W. Va., April 6th to July 9th, 1864. 

Red River Campaign. Action of Pleasant Hill, April 
7th. W. J. Landram, Kentucky, was engaged. 

Red River Campaign. Combat of Sabine Cross Roads, 
April 8th. The division of W. J. Landram and the other 
troops at the front were overcome. They were driven 
back with other troops sent to reenforce them. Emory, 
Maryland, commanding the 19th corps, received order to 
advance, 3 :40 p. m., and instantly started. 

Battle of Pleasant Grove or Mansfield, April 8th. At 
Pleasant. Grove, three miles from the battlefield, Emory 
met the routed troops. His men forced their way through 
the fugitives and obstacles and formed a line, with J. W. 
McMillan, Kentucky, in reserve. His dispositions were 
good. Quickly Taylor attacked him, pressing heavily on 
his right, but McMillan was brought up, and the pursuit 
was checked about night. Emory was then in command 
of the troops engaged. He displayed marked bravery and 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 183 

skill, repelling Confederate charges. The discipline of 
his troops told. The army was saved and probably the 
fleet. Emory fell back at midnight. He covered the re- 
treat next day to Pleasant Hill, — fifteen miles away. 

Battle of Pleasant Hill, April 9th. Emory commanded 
the troops engaged. He took position. In mid afternoon 
the Confederates attacked the Federal left. One of his 
own brigades, its commander killed, was crushed. The 
Confederates fell upon and enveloped both flanks of an- 
other brigade, and drove it back. Emory made a strong 
stand. He quickly ordered a charge of McMillan's troops, 
which was of vital aid. The Confederates failed to drive 
the Federals. Taylor attempted to turn the Federal 
right, and one of Emory's brigades was moved to that 
flank, which later was heavily struck. His other brigades 
also were forced back. He charged in turn and drove the 
Confederates. The Confederates exposed their right flank 
and were thrown into confusion. The Federal army fell 
back at night, and the Confederates occupied the field next 
day, following with cavalry. D. H. Strother, Virginia, 
was among those engaged in the Red River campaign. 

The fact that the army had not come up indicating its 
defeat, the vessels at Springfield Landing dropped back 
down the river. An intercepted dispatch disclosed to E. 
Kirby Smith that the Federals would fall back to Alex- 
andria. He withdrew April 10th to move against the Fed- 
erals in Arkansas moving upon Shreveport. Some troops, 
however, worried the retreating army. 

Jacob Ammen, Virginia, commanded the District of 
East Tennessee from April 10th, 1864, to January 14th, 
1865. April 11th Gillem, Tennessee, was placed in com- 
mand of a Tennessee division of cavalry, Army of the 
Cumberland. 

The Red River army reached Grand Ecore April 11th. 
There were over 45 vessels above. 

Action of Bayou Pierre, April 12th. Taylor had sent 



184 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

troops across the Red River, who planted batteries on a 
high bluff three miles below Pleasant Hill Landing. Con- 
federate cavalry with three cannon attacked the vessels 
and transports descending near Blair's Landing. Bache, 
commanding the Lexington, was in the fleet. The Osage, 
aground, was attacked. Bache was visiting aboard. The 
engagement was between the Osage and Lexington and a 
Confederate brigade. Bache on the Lexington enfiladed 
the Confederates, disabling their battery. The Confed- 
erate commander was killed and his men retired. 

The Federals from the north did not reach Camden, 
Ark., 90 miles northeast of Shreveport, until April 15th. 
John Edwards, Kentucky, was in the march from Little 
Rock. Price, with cavalry, opposed it. J. B. Wheeler, 
North Carolina, participated in the occupation of Camden, 
April 18th to 26th. 

Battle of Plymouth, N. C, Fort Williams, Fort Gray, 
April 17th to 20th. The Confederates assaulted Fort 
Gray and were driven back by C. W. Flusser, Maryland, 
with the Miami and Southfield. 

April 18th the Confederate ram Albemarle started down 
the river toward Plymouth. She came down during the 
night. Flusser, with the Miami and Southfield lashed to- 
gether, met the Albemarle, hoping to run his vessels so as 
to get the Albemarle between them, but the Albemarle ran 
close to the southern shore, then suddenly turned and ran 
her prow into the side of the Southfield, sinking her, part 
of the crew going down with her. The Albemarle's chain 
plates were entangled. She was borne partly down with 
the Southfield. Flusser fired the first three shots himself, 
from the Miami, right alongside. He was killed by the 
fragment of a shell. An attempt to board the Albemarle 
was defeated. The Miami left. 

Plymouth was captured April 20th. Hoke attacked 
the fortifications in the morning. The Albemarle fired into 
the resisting forts all day. Hoke carried the works, losing 
considerably. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 185 

Longstreet rejoined Lee April 22d. 

Battle of Monette's Ferry, Cane River, La., April 23d. 
Bee, Confederate, had taken position to contest the passage 
of Cane River, while other troops harassed the Federal rear 
at Cloutierville. The Confederates numbered about 8,000. 
Emory, commanding on the field, menaced them in front, 
while he sent a force to ford the river three miles above 
the Ferry, and turn Bee's left flank. This was success- 
fully done, and Bee withdrew to Beasley's, thirty miles 
away. This cleared the way for the army to march into 
Alexandria. 

April 23d the Governors of Ohio, Illinois, Iowa, Wis- 
consin and Indiana offered to raise for the Federal armies 
85,000 men for 100 days. The offer was accepted. 

April 23d, 1864, Beauregard's command was changed 
to the Department of North Carolina. 

April 24th a Confederate attack on Emory's rear- 
guard was repulsed. At Henderson's hill, April 25th, 
Emory repulsed the Confederates. 

Low water in the Red River stopped the fleet's descent. 
A dam was built, storing the waters, and Bache's vessel, 
the Lexington, was the first to sweep through the weir. 

The large Federal armies prepared for a concerted 
forward movement the latter part of April — the Army 
of the Potomac in northern Virginia against Richmond ; 
the Army of the James at Fortress Monroe via the river 
against Richmond from the south ; the armies around Chat- 
tanooga against Atlanta, and the army at New Orleans 
against Mobile. 20,000 men left Annapolis April 27th to 
occupy the position of the Army of the Potomac as it 
moved forward. 

The Red River army reached Alexandria April 27th. 
McClernand, Kentucky, took command of the 13th corps 
at Alexandria. 

The Federals evacuated Camden, Ark., April 27th, on 
account of the capture of their train at Mark's mill two 
days before. 



186 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

April 28th near Alexandria the Confederates attacked 
McClernand, and got east of the Federal army. Taylor 
moved a part of his command to the river below Alexandria, 
and operated against the gunboats and transports. 
Canby, Kentucky, took charge of the army at Atchafalaya 
and conducted it safely to New Orleans. 

Battle of Jenkin's Ferry, Ark., or Saline Bottom, April 
30th. The Saline River was swollen and the Confederates 
caught up with the retreating army. The Confederates 
won the field. The battle ended at 1 o'clock, the Federals 
leaving their dead, wounded and wagons on the field. J. 
B. Wheeler, North Carolina, was engaged. 

Francis M. Ramsay, District of Columbia, commanded 
an expedition up the Black and Ouachita Rivers in April. 

J. J. Abercrombie, Tennessee, was in command of 
depots about Fredericksburg, Va., for the distribution of 
troops, etc., in May, 1864. 

Rocky Face Ridge Battles, Operations Around Dalton, 
Ga. Rocky Face Ridge runs north and south. John- 
ston's position was about Dalton, east of the ridge. The 
Army of the Ohio, moving south from Cleveland, threat- 
ened his right flank and rear. The Army of the Cumber- 
land, under Thomas, faced the ridge from the west, and 
the Army of the Tennessee proceeded south behind 
Thomas until it approached Johnston's left. In the 
Atlanta campaign the troops under Thomas numbered 
60,000 to 65,000. Those not under him were the Army 
of the Tennessee, 24,000, later increased by 9,000, and 
the Army of the Ohio, 13,000. Generally the Army of the 
Cumberland under Thomas was engaged against John- 
ston's front, while the other two armies made turning and 
flank movements. 

Troops of Thomas reconnoitered toward Tunnel Hill 
May 2d, and developed the Confederates in force there. 

During the Atlanta campaign, Kentucky was protected 
against raiders by S. G. Burbridge, Kentucky. In May 
he started for Virginia with a large mounted force. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 187 

The Wilderness Campaign. The Army of the Potomac 
moved from north of the Rapidan the night of May 3d. 

Battle between the Albemarle and her consorts, Bomb- 
shell and Cotton-Plant, and the Federal fleet, May 5th. 
The Albemarle and the two steamers, carrying troops, 
came down the Roanoke River to its mouth. The double- 
enders Mattahasett, Sassacus, Wyalusing and Miami, and 
smaller vessels steamed up Albemarle Sound to give bat- 
tle. W. W. Queen, District of Columbia, commanded the 
Wyalusing. The Bombshell surrendered. The Federal 
vessels retired from the losing fight. The Wyalusing was 
thought by those aboard to be sinking. 

Draft was ordered in Maryland and Kentucky, May 
5th. 

S. P. Lee, Virginia, brought the Army of the James, 
40,000 men, up to Bermuda Hundred May 5th. 

Battle of the Wilderness, May 5th and 6th, 1864. The 
Army of the Potomac started south from Germanna Ford, 
whereupon Lee came east on two roads which crossed the 
road occupied by the Federals. Ewell was on the north- 
ern road and Hill on the southern, or Orange plank road. 
The Federal right moved in force to the attack. By 8 
a. m. May 5th it had developed the presence of Hill and 
Ewell. The Federal left wing was nearly ten miles away. 
Ewell was forced back, but the Federals in turn were 
forced back. A. W. Denison, Maryland, was engaged on 
the Federal right. Getty's division at Wilderness Tavern 
was moved out by the Brock road in the forenoon to drive 
Hill back, if possible. Getty formed line of battle on 
the Brock road across the plank road. He was ordered to 
hold this junction at all hazards. He held his ground 
against severe pressure by Hill until the advance of the 
left wing reached him at 3 o'clock, when he informed it 
that Hill had two divisions in his front, and the line was 
intrenched. D. B. Birney, Alabama, was placed on the 
left of Getty in two lines of battle along the Brock road. 
S. S. Carroll was on the extreme right here. At 4:30 



188 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Getty marched to the attack, striking the Confederates. 
Birney was thrown forward on his left. The fight at 
once became very fierce. Carroll's brigade was sent in to 
support Getty on the plank road. Carroll was conspicu- 
ous. He was wounded but stayed on the field. Hill's 
right was forced hack by the left wing. Birney's blow on 
Hill's right helped prevent him from interposing between 
the two wings of the Federal army. Lee sustained his 
position. Henry A. Morrow, Virginia, was severely 
wounded. 

Wilderness, May 6th. The 9th corps was brought for- 
ward the night of the 5th and placed in the Federal cen- 
ter. Longstreet made a night march toward the field. 
Just before 5 a. m. the Federal right was attacked by 
Ewell. He was repulsed. On Hill's line it was expected 
that Heth and Wilcox would be relieved during the night, 
and, consequently, their line was not rearranged and 
strengthened. The Federal left attacked at light, the 
blow falling heaviest south of the road. D. B. Birney, 
with his own and another division, pushed forward on the 
left of the Orange plank road and drove the Confederates 
from their rifle-pits. The Confederate right wing was 
overlapped and Hill's line gave way, rolled up from the 
right and retreated in disorder along the road a mile and 
a half until it reached Poague's artillery. The Federals 
got abreast of the guns when Longstreet came up. Their 
advance was stopped and they were forced back. Lee out- 
flanked the Federal left and drove it back in confusion 
upon the Brock road. Lee's right moved again to flank, 
but Confederate troops north of the plank road mistook 
them for Federals, and the two Confederate bodies fired 
at each other. Jenkins, Confederate, was killed and Long- 
street was seriously wounded. R. H. Anderson succeeded 
to the command of Longstreet's corps. 

The left center attacked north of the Orange plank road 
and made some progress, but reinforcements enabled the 
Confederates to drive them back. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 189 

Frequent attacks on Ewell were unsuccessful. An un- 
successful attempt was made to turn his left near the 
river, and heavy assaults were made on his line. 

At 3 :45 p. m. the Confederate right wing advanced in 
force. Anderson took possession of the Federal line of 
intrenchments, but Carroll, at a double-quick, drove him 
out. He struck the advancing Confederates in flank, after 
they had driven the division in their front, and rushed 
through the gap. The Confederates suffered and the Fed- 
erals regained their former position. The attacks upon 
the Federal left were not decisive. 

Two brigades of Ewell's left moved out of their works 
at sunset, and struck the Federal right flank. The Fed- 
erals were driven from a large part of their works there, 
and two generals and 600 men were taken prisoners. The 
Confederates there formed an advanced line, and the Fed- 
eral right took up a new line farther back. Getty, fight- 
ing with valor, was severely wounded in the Wilderness 
battles. Denison's fighting was of merit. Morrow fought 
with credit. Tidball, Virginia, and Mcintosh, Florida, 
were engaged. Fred T. Dent, Missouri, did good work. 

The Army of the James was in position up the James 
River at Bermuda Hundred by May 6th. S. P. Lee's gun- 
boats which accompanied the army dragged James River 
above City Point for torpedoes. Some of the vessels 
were blown up by torpedoes. The fleet protected the right 
flank of that army during May. 

Assault of the Army of the James upon the Richmond 
railroad above Petersburg May 6th and 7th was repulsed 
with heavy loss. 



CHAPTER VII 

Rocky Face Ridge — Spotsylvania — Resaca — North 
Anna — Dallas — Cold Harbor — Piedmont — Peters- 
burg — Lynchburg — Kenesaw Mountain — Deep Bot- 
tom — Monocacy — Peach Tree Creek — Atlanta — 
Ezra Church. 

Rocky Face Ridge. There was cavalry fighting at 
Tunnel Hill May 6th and 7th. Thomas was engaged 
in the operations around Dalton, May 6th to 13th. Con- 
federates made a show of resistance to Palmer May 7th. 
Newton and another division charged and cleared the hill. 
Confederates fell back to Buzzard's Roost. 

The Army of the Potomac started toward Spotsylvania 
the night of May 7th. 

Rocky Face Ridge, May 8th. The Federals attempted 
to cross to the east side of Rocky Face Ridge through its 
gaps, Mill Creek and Dug, and over the crest. Buzzard's 
Roost and Mill Creek Gap are about midway between Tun- 
nel Hill on the north and Dug Gap on the south. Palmer, 
Kentucky, occupied Thomas' center. Newton, Virginia, 
was sent two miles northward, where the ascent was easier. 
He stormed the ridge, succeeded in getting a force on it 
and carried a portion of it. Wood, Kentucky, supported 
him with artillery and musketry fire. One of Newton's 
brigades advanced along Rocky Face Ridge. He wrested 
one-third of it from the Confederates. 

Buzzard's Roost, Mill Creek Gap. Thomas pressed the 
Confederates into their intrenchments. 

Dug Gap. The brigade of Chas. Candy, Kentucky, and 
other troops of Thomas' army ascended the mountain, 
pushing back the Confederates. It was a strong position 
and was not taken. A second and a third attempt failed. 

190 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 191 

These attacks covered the movement of the Army of the 
Tennessee south to Snake Creek Gap to turn Johnston's 
left flank. Thomas had his 12th corps hide this flank 
movement. The Army of the Tennessee arrived in Snake 
Creek Gap May 8th. It advanced on Resaca. 

Battles of Spotsylvania, Va., May 8th-20th. Todd's 
Tavern, May 8th. Confederate cavalry occupied the road 
near Spotsylvania C. H. The Federal cavalry not dis- 
lodging them, Federal infantry were sent forward. Lee, 
aware of the Federal move, had moved also, and Confed- 
erate infantry supported their cavalry and forced back 
the Federal column, which intrenched. The 6th corps in 
the evening struck heavily at Anderson's right wing, but 
Ewell arrived, and helped in a serious repulse of the Fed- 
erals. Chas. H. Tompkins, Virginia, commanded the ar- 
tillery brigade of the 6th corps in the Spotsylvania battles. 
There was fighting on the Catharpin road May 8th. 

Spotsylvania, May 9th. Hill's corps arrived in the 
morning, under the command of Early. The day was 
spent principally intrenching. D. B. Birney and another 
division of the 2d corps moved for the flank of the Con- 
federate left. He crossed the Po River and met resistance. 

A cavalry raid against the Confederate communications 
with Richmond began May 9th. 

May 9th the Army of the James advanced toward Pe- 
tersburg, but could not cross the Appomattox. It fell back 
to its intrenchments. Thus the attempt to take Petersburg 
from the north failed. 

Jacksonville was occupied May 9th. Geo. B. Balch, 
Tennessee, was in the expedition. 

Rocky Face Ridge. The Federals attempted to take 
Rocky Face Ridge through Mill Creek Gap and over the 
crest unsuccessfully from the west, May 9th, 10th and 
12th. May 9th Thomas attacked the Gap. Palmer, Ken- 
tucky, sent a brigade up one of the spurs south of the 
Gap. The Army of the Cumberland was somewhat heavily 
engaged. Five partial assaults failed. 



192 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

The Army of the Tennessee passed through Snake Creek 
Gap and reached the vicinity of Resaca at 2 p. m. the 
9th. Finding Resaca firmly held, it withdrew to Snake 
Creek Gap. There was fighting on the 9th till dark. 
Johnston reenforced Resaca. 

Combat of Cloyd's Mountain, W. Va., May 9th and 
10th. Jenkins, commanding the Confederates, was killed, 
and his force was defeated. Carr B. White rendered brave 
and dutiful service. 

Spotsylvania, May 10th. Po River. D. B. Birney, 
Alabama, was attempting to find the Confederate left and 
force it back. Troops reached the Shady Grove road, and 
threatened the Confederate rear and trains. Lee was 
found intrenched east of the Po. Although he faced east 
and north, he held the direct road to the south. Birney, 
while withdrawing, was attacked. Confederate guns took 
the men/i|fr the rear from northeast beyond the Po. Early 
was moved from the right against and struck Birney's 
rear division heavily, as it was about to recross the Po. 
The divisions got back north of the Po. 

Laurel Hill. The Federals attacked the left center un- 
der Anderson and were repulsed. They assaulted there 
again and were bloodily repulsed. They made a third 
assault — very strong — near sunset, and got within a part 
of the works, D. B. Birney participating, but where the 
attack failed the Confederates turned and struck their 
flank, and they were driven out. Carroll participated in 
the assault upon the Confederate line northeast of the Po, 
fighting valiantly. A. W. Denison, Maryland, fought with 
merit and was wounded. 

The Federals attacked at this time further to the Con- 
federate right also, striking Ewell. Dole's brigade was 
broken, and the Confederate works there were captured 
with 300 prisoners. The Confederates on both sides of 
the break fell upon the flanks, and other troops hurried to 
the front, and the Federals lost the works. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 193 

Hoke, Confederate, arrived at Petersburg from North 
Carolina May 10th. 

Spotsylvania, May 11th. Movements along the Federal 
lines indicated a withdrawal from Anderson's front. Late 
in the p. m. artillery hard to get out was ordered with- 
drawn. S. S. Carroll, District of Columbia, was twice 
wounded in the battles about Spotsylvania, May 9th-llth, 
and disabled from further active service in the field. 

Yellow Tavern, Va., May 11th. Confederate cavalry 
were worsted and Stuart was mortally wounded. The 
Federal cavalry passed the outer defenses of Richmond. 

Canby, Kentucky, was in command of the Military Di- 
vision of West Mississippi, extending from Missouri to 
the mouth of the Mississippi and from Texas to Florida, 
May 11th, 1864, to the end of the War. 

Spotsylvania, May 12th. Federals moved at midnight, 
and took position within 1,200 yards of the Confederate 
line, Lee's right center. They stormed it at dawn, cap- 
turing the Bloody Angle. The removed artillery had not 
been replaced in time. D. B. Birney's and another divi- 
sion formed the first line in the attack on the Bloody Angle. 
After a hand-to-hand conflict, guns being used as clubs, 
they leaped over the breastworks front and flank, and over- 
whelmed the Confederates. John C. Tidball, Virginia, 
commanded the artillery brigade in the Bloody Angle fight. 
Ed. Johnson, commanding the division, Brigadier General 
Steuart, 30 guns and 2,800 men were captured. Ten of 
the guns could not be gotten off. Lee's troops to the right 
drew back to a second line in rear of the Angle, and poured 
a heavy fire upon the victors' left, which fell back. Con- 
federate reserves hastened up. Combatants met in the rear 
of the captured works, and the Federals were forced back 
to the base of the salient. On the left of the salient the 
Federal attack was pressed. A gap had been made in the 
Confederate line. Lee managed to maintain a front, but 
could not recapture the Angle. There were five efforts, 



194 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

the fighting about the works continuing till late at night. 
Getty's division was heavily engaged at the Angle. 

An attack upon the Confederate left was repulsed. An 
attack on the Confederate right was met by Confederate 
troops moving to strike the flank of the salient and re- 
pulsed. Denison, Maryland, was engaged this day. C. 
H. Tompkins, Virginia, commanded the artillery brigade 
of the 6th corps, part of which was engaged at the Bloody 
Angle. 

Rocky Face Ridge, May 12th. Newton, Virginia, was 
holding the north end of Rocky Face and the roads around 
it. One of Thomas' corps and some cavalry were con- 
fronting Johnston. All the other Federal troops were in 
motion to concentrate at Snake Creek Gap. About 10 
a. m. a heavy column advanced toward Newton's left. The 
division of Wood, Kentucky, moved from Tunnel Hill to 
his support. The Confederates then withdrew, after driv- 
ing back Newton's skirmishers. By a night march, John- 
ston reached Resaca. 

Drewry's Bluff, Fort Darling, Va., May 12th-16th. 
The Army of the James moved on Richmond May 12th. 
It turned the flank of some of the Drewry's Bluff works 
May 13th, moved forward and faced another line of 
works. Geo. B. Dandy, Georgia, and Guy V. Henry, In- 
dian Territory, were engaged. 

Spotsylvania, May 13th. Ewell retired to a new line 
before daylight. Between May 13th and 18th the Army 
of the Potomac worked east. Anderson was shifted by 
Lee from the left to the right. 

The Red River army, consisting of the 19th corps under 
Emory, and the 13th under McClernand, started east from 
Alexandria, La., May 13th. 

The cavalry command of E. H. Murray, Kentucky, was 
enlarged May 13th. 

May 13th some of Thomas' troops occupied Dalton, 
which Johnston had evacuated, and followed the Confed- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 195 

erates toward Resaca, capturing some prisoners. Thomas 
was engaged in demonstrations against Resaca until it was 
occupied May 16th. 

Battle of Resaca, May 13th to 16th, 1864. The Con- 
federates reached Resaca the 13th. The other Federal 
forces had followed the Army of the Tennessee south. 

Resaca, May 14th. Johnson's division was the first to 
engage the Confederates. Johnson and Newton plunged 
into the thicket, and worked their way into the reentrant 
angle in Hardee's front. Wood came abreast of Newton 
and drove the Confederates from the rifle-pits. The di- 
vision of Henry M. Judah, Maryland, had a desperate 
struggle; others coming to its help a part of the Con- 
federate intrenchments was taken. Newton relieved an- 
other division. He had to go over heavily exposed ground 
to reach it. Johnston attempted to turn the Federal left 
flank. Thomas moved troops to meet him. They arrived 
just as the flank had been turned and pressed back, and 
repulsed the Confederates. Hood's attack on the left of 
the 11th corps, which nearly rolled it up, was after 3 
p. M. 

Federals moved south, crossing Oostanaula River at 
Lay's, or Tanner's, Ferry, the 14th. Cavalry of Kenner 
Garrard, Kentucky, moved toward Rome. 

Beauregard's command was extended to cover Virginia 
south of the James May 14th, 1864. 

Resaca, May 15th. Some of Thomas' troops began the 
battle. Johnson again threatened the left flank. Thomas 
carried some hills. W. T. Ward, Virginia, effected a 
lodgment in the Confederate fortifications. He drove the 
Confederates from a battery, charged the retreating men, 
and took 217 prisoners. About 5 p. m. Confederate Ste- 
venson's division left the main line and charged in column 
to gain possession of lateral hills leading to the abandoned 
battery. Thomas' men repulsed them. Thomas' army 
did considerable fighting this day. Trenches were taken, 



196 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

and after nightfall they took some guns. The night of 
the 15th Johnston abandoned Resaca. Brannan was en- 
gaged at Resaca. 

Combat of New Market, Va., May 15th. The Federals 
were defeated by Breckenridge. J. R. Hawley, North 
Carolina, and J. R. Meigs, District of Columbia, were 
engaged. Hunter subsequently took command. 

May 16th Thomas' men engaged Johnston's rear-guard. 
He pursued directly from Resaca. There was considerable 
fighting by his men toward night. 

Drewry's Bluff, Va., May 16th. Beauregard defeated 
the Army of the James. Their right was turned and they 
were attacked in front. They fell back to Bermuda Hun- 
dred, and were forced to take refuge in the Bermuda 
Hundred peninsula. 

Combat of Marksville, La., May 16th. Emory, Mary- 
land, commanding the 19th corps, was engaged. 

M. C. Meigs, Georgia, was in command of Belle Plain 
and Fredericksburg, base of supplies of the Army of the 
Potomac, May 16th-18th. 

The South Carolina Union Convention met at Beaufort, 
S. C, May 17th. 

Action of Adairsville, Ga., May 17th. About 4 p. m. 
Wood, Kentucky, and Newton, Virginia, found resistance 
increasing till Newton's skirmishers aroused a heavy fire. 
The skirmishing of Newton and Wood kept increasing, till 
it grew into an engagement. 

The Army of the Ohio having passed his right, Johnston 
fell back. 

Thomas sent a division toward Rome which fought May 
17th and captured Rome May 18th. Machine shops, iron- 
works, stores and cotton were taken. 

Spotsylvania, May 18th. Federals again attacked Lee 
at the salient and were repulsed. D. B. Birney and another 
division supported the assault on the line nearly in front 
of the work he had carried on the 12th. 

Hunter, District of Columbia, was in command of the 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 197 

Department of West Virginia from May 19th to August 
8th, 1864. 

Action of Cassville, May 19th, 1864. Newton engaged 
Johnston's rear-guard on the way to Kingston. At Cass- 
ville Johnston advanced in two lines of battle. Thomas' 
men fought the Confederates back. 

Spotsylvania, May 19th. Ewell's corps was thrown 
around the Federal right wing, to develop the Federal po- 
sition. This threatened the Federal communications. He 
was engaged and withdrew at night. 

In the Wilderness campaign, Tidball commanded the 
artillery brigade of the 2d corps; Tompkins of the 6th, 
and D. R. Ransom, North Carolina, commanded a horse 
artillery brigade. Mcintosh, Florida, was engaged. El- 
well S. Otis, Maryland, fought with merit at Spotsyl- 
vania. 

The Army of the Potomac started the night of May 
20th for the North Anna. Lee started next a. m. Hill 
and the 6th corps, retiring from its lines, fought some that 
afternoon. 

May 20th, 1864, the ram Tennessee appeared in the 
lower bay, Mobile Harbor. A few days later she came 
down to Fort Morgan, and thereafter guarded the en- 
trance to the Bay. 

Lee reached the North Anna about noon May 22d and 
crossed. 

May 23d F. P. Blair, Kentucky, with two divisions and 
Eli Long's brigade, was ordered to move from Huntsville, 
Ala., on Rome and Kingston. 

Battle of North Anna, May 23d and 24th. The morn- 
ing of the 23d the Federals appeared on the north bank. 
The 5th corps crossed that afternoon at Jericho Ford. 
It encountered the Confederates when it moved out from 
the river. 

Two of D. B. Birney's brigades attacked a small earth- 
work covering approaches to the bridge on the telegraph 
road north of the river, and stormed and carried it. Tid- 



198 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

ball, Virginia, was engaged. The Confederates were un- 
able to burn the bridge and fell back during the night. 

North Anna, May 24th. The 2d corps crossed in the 
morning some distance to the east of where the 5th corps 
had crossed. Ox Ford, where Lee's line touched the river, 
was between the two corps. The 6th corps crossed at 
Jericho Mill and joined the 5th. The 2d corps moved 
out and came upon Lee's right. Both Federal wings were 
across the river, but Lee was between them. The center 
attempted to cross between Ox Ford and the bridge, but 
failed with loss. A detachment from the 5th corps moved 
east to help the center, but was driven back, losing heavily. 
The division of T. L. Crittenden, Kentucky, forded at 
Quarles mill, between Ox Ford and Jericho Ford, and con- 
nected with the left of the 5th corps. 

P. St. George Cooke, Virginia, was General Superin- 
tendent of the recruiting service of the army from May 
24th, 1864, to the end of the War. 

Cassville, May 24th. Johnston stood one day. Hood 
insisted that Federals had passed him going south. 

Battles around Dallas, May 25th-28th, 1864. New 
Hope Church, May 25th. The Federals had come directly 
from Kingston, leaving the railroad. Many unsuccessful 
assaults were made upon Hood's position. The division 
of Newton was deployed to the right by 6 p. m. There 
was a gap of probably three miles between Thomas and 
the Army of the Tennessee, which was at Dallas. Candy, 
Kentucky, repulsed Confederates ; then, with other of 
Thomas' troops, drove Confederates a half mile. Thomas' 
men later drove some Confederates back a mile and a half 
to New Hope church. They were here repulsed. Wood, 
Kentucky, was engaged. R. W. Johnson, Kentucky, was 
severely wounded. After the battle, the passing of the 
Federal armies to the left began. 

May 26th Thomas made a reconnoissance to Dallas to 
determine the position of Johnston's left flank, and open 
communication with the Army of the Tennessee. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 199 

Federal cavalry maneuvered on Lee's left flank, and the 
Federal right wing was withdrawn north of the North 
Anna River the night of May 26th. The Army of the 
Potomac then moved to the east. 

Battles around Dallas. Action of Pickett's Mills, New 
Hope church or Burnt Hickory May 27th, 1864. Thomas 
was engaged. He sent troops to try to strike Johnston's 
right. The division of T. J. Wood, Kentucky, was 
marched by Thomas to strike the Confederate right flank, 
R. W. Johnson, Kentucky, supporting on Wood's left. 
At 5 p. m. Wood's men began the main battle, assaulting 
the Confederate main line determinedly. The Confeder- 
ates poured a fire on Wood's left flank and forced it back, 
and his right flank also was struck. The troops were with- 
drawn. Johnson also assaulted, and he was wounded. The 
assault was unsuccessful. The attempt of Palmer and the 
4th corps to turn the Confederate right failed. During 
the day, the Confederates came out of their works and 
attacked Newton, and were repulsed with loss. 

The leading corps of the Army of the Potomac crossed 
the Pamunkey at Hanovertown the morning of May 27th. 
There was a cavalry fight at Hawes's Shop. The Federals 
were reenforced and finally prevailed. 

Battles around Dallas, May 28th. The Army of the 
Tennessee attempted to withdraw from Dallas, so as to 
move by the rear to the army's left, but Hardee attacked 
heavily. The Confederates were repulsed. Troops of the 
division of Wm. Harrow, Kentucky, repulsed an attack of 
Confederates on their position. 

Thomas, and Newton under him, were occupied in the 
movement against Pine Mountain with almost daily severe 
engagements, Ma}' 28th to June 20th. 

The two principal armies in Virginia confronted each 
other at Totopotomoy Creek, May 28th to 31st. 

May 29th Johnston intended a general attack, commenc- 
ing on the Federal left, but Wood and Johnson were found 
intrenched there. He demonstrated in front of New- 



200 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

ton. The Army of the Tennessee was attacked unsuccess- 
fully. 

Henry was engaged about Bermuda Hundred May 6th 
to 29th. 

Totopotomoy, or Huntley's Corner, Va., May 30th. Lee 
attacked the Federal left unsuccessfully, and the Federals 
attacked in turn without important results. Tidball, Vir- 
ginia, was engaged. Lee's position being too strong, the 
Federal army worked southeast. 

T. S. Fillebroun, District of Columbia, commanded the 
Passaic against Fort Sumter in May, 1864. 

Hunter advanced to Mt. Jackson by the last of May. 

B. S. Alexander, Kentucky, was Chief Engineer of the 
defenses of Washington from June 1st, 1864, to the end 
of the War. 

Ashland cavalry fight June 1st, 1864, was brought on 
by Mcintosh, Florida, in a successful dash at the railroad 
bridges over the South Anna. He fought with merit. 

Hunter drove Imboden's cavalry out of New Market, 
June 1st. 

The Federal infantry reached the railroad at Ackworth 
June 1st. Johnston fell back to a new line, with Brush 
Mountain on the right, Pine Top standing forward near 
the center, and Lost Mountain on the left. The Army of 
the Tennessee marched down the railroad to near Brush 
Mountain. Thomas bore toward Pine Top, and the Army 
of the Ohio came against an outpost near Gilgal church 
abreast of Pine Top. The Army of the Tennessee over- 
lapped Hood. The Army of the Ohio penetrated between 
Lost Mountain and Gilgal church. Its artillery took 
Hardee in reverse. 

Battle of Cold Harbor and Bethesda Church, Va., June 
1st to 3d. Lee changed face to the northeast at Cold 
Harbor, his right being then down on the Chickahominy. 
The 18th corps, Army of the James, reenforced the Army 
of the Potomac. It had come by water to White House, 
Va. The 6th and 18th corps reached Cold Harbor June 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 201 

1st. The Confederates were forced back in places, and a 
part of their outer line of rifle-pits was occupied, but their 
line was not materially damaged. Henry, Indian Terri- 
tory, on the extreme right, led the assault of his brigade 
upon the Confederate works. He had two horses shot un- 
der him — one while leaping over the Confederate breast- 
works. He carried the rifle-pits in front, but found the 
position commanded by an earth-work on the right flank 
and fell back. 

Cold Harbor, June 2d. Breckenridge, Hoke and Pickett 
had reenforced Lee. On the Federal right at Bethesda 
church in the afternoon Early surmised that the Federals 
were withdrawing from his front, and attacked, capturing 
several hundred prisoners. 

There was heavy artillery firing and skirmishing at Ber- 
muda Hundred June 2d. 

The gunboat Water Witch was boarded and captured 
by Confederates June 2d in Ossabaw Sound, Ga. Austin 
Pendergrast, Kentucky, commanding, was cut down in de- 
fending her. 

June 2d Hunter drove Imboden's cavalry through Har- 
risonburg. Jones' troops began joining Imboden the night 
of June 3d. 

Battle of Cold Harbor and Bethesda Church, June 3d. 
The Federal attack along the whole front of nearly six 
miles was begun on the Federal right, Birney supporting. 
Early's corps on the Confederate left below Bethesda 
church was attacked unsuccessfully. Lee's center was 
attacked heavily. A line occupied by Kershaw, containing 
an angle and otherwise weak, had been abandoned, the Con- 
federates withdrawing to new intrenchments made during 
the night, straightening the line. The attack upon the 
straightened line was repulsed with carnage, and with in- 
significant loss to the covered Confederates. Within eight 
minutes thousands of men dropped. All three Federal 
corps attacking were enfiladed on account of the Confed- 
erate position. An order for a second advance was an- 



202 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

swered by the troops under shelter moving forward, those 
lying down firing. A third order was met by simply firing 
where they lay. The Federals then attempted regular 
approaches. 

The Confederate line was broken on the right at one 
point, but was at once restored. At Cold Harbor D. B. 
Birney, Alabama; and T. L. Crittenden, Kentucky, com- 
manded divisions. Tidball, Virginia, was engaged 3d— 5th. 
Tompkins, Virginia, commanded the artillery brigade of 
the 6th corps ; D. R. Ransom, North Carolina, commanded 
a brigade of horse artillery. Henry, Indian Territory ; 
R. N. Bowerman, Maryland, and Mcintosh, Florida, were 
engaged. 

Around Dallas, May 25th-June 4th, Brannan and New- 
ton were engaged. 

An attack on the 2d corps was repulsed June 5th, Tid- 
ball's artillery brigade participating. 

Combat of Piedmont or Staunton, Va., June 5th. Hun- 
ter, in a ten-hour battle, defeated the Confederates. The 
Confederate left wing was doubled up by a flank attack. 
Jones was killed. The Confederates lost about 1,500 men, 
3 guns, and 3,000 stand of arms. J. R. Meigs, District 
of Columbia, was engaged. 

Hunter occupied Staunton, June 6th. Breckenridge's 
command, sent by Lee, came and barred the way to Lynch- 
burg at Rockfish Gap east of Staunton. Hunter moved 
south in the Valley, making for Lynchburg that way. Con- 
federate cavalry obstructed his progress and Breckenridge 
moved to Lynchburg with the Blue Ridge between him and 
Hunter. Hunter occupied Lexington, burning the Vir- 
ginia Military Institute. 

Cold Harbor, June 6th and 7th. Early made two ef- 
forts against the Federal right flank and rear, but found 
it well intrenched. 

Trevilian Raid. June 7th cavalry of the Army of the 
Potomac started from the Pamunkey against the Virginia 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 203 

Central Railroad and to join Hunter. June 8th Hunter 
formed a junction with two other commands at Staunton. 

Francis M. Ramsay, District of Columbia, commanded 
an expedition into the Atchafalaya River in June, 1864. 
In an engagement at Simmsport, La., June 8th, Confeder- 
ates attacked him unsuccessfully. 

June 8th F. P. Blair, Kentucky, with the 17th corps, 
reached the army at Ackworth, Ga., having left 1,500 men 
as a garrison at Allatoona. His corps was attached to 
the Army of the Tennessee. 

The night of June 8th Federal cavalry moved with J. R. 
Hawley to threaten Petersburg, Va., from the City Point 
road. They returned to City Point on account of delay 
to cavalry coming from the road south of Petersburg. 

Petersburg lines, June 9th. Wise on the Confederate 
left had the only regular soldiers. While Federal cavalry 
appeared, S. P. Lee's gunboats opened fire on Fort Clifton 
and other Confederate positions on the river. Federal 
cavalry charged on the Jerusalem plank road from the 
south. Artillery and cavalry reinforcements stopped and 
drove them. 

Petersburg lines, June 10th. In the effort to capture 
Petersburg, cavalry carried works on the south side, but the 
expedition failed. The Confederate line was a semi-circle, 
with the ends resting on the river. It was weak. Short 
and strong works were constructed later by Lee's army. 

June 10th Palmer's corps advanced toward Pine Moun- 
tain, and gained an eminence within artillery range. 

Morgan, on a cavalry raid, had taken Mt. Sterling, Lex- 
ington and Cynthiana, Ky. Hobson, Kentucky, came the 
afternoon of the 11th to relieve Lexington. He was at- 
tacked in front by Giltner, while Morgan assailed him in 
the rear, and compelled him to surrender. 

The Alabama, needing repairs, entered the port of Cher- 
bourg, France, June 11th. 

Cavalry Combat of Trevilian Station, Va., June 11th 



204 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

and 12th. The Federal cavalry, barred, returned to West 
Point, Va. 

Combat of Cynthiana, Ky., June 12th. S. G. Bur- 
bridge, Kentucky, with 5,200 men, attacked Morgan at 
Cynthiana, struck him hard and defeated him. Morgan 
lost half of his command, and marched back to Virginia. 

June 12th J. A. Winslow, North Carolina, commanding 
the Kearsarge, learned at Flushing, Holland, that the 
Alabama had arrived at Cherbourg. 

The Federals started from Cold Harbor the night of 
June 12th. Getty was in the march from the White House 
to the James River. 

Lee ordered Early to the Shenandoah Valley June 12th 
to strike Hunter's rear and then threaten Washington. 
Early was detached and started next day. 

The Federal advance corps reached James River the 
night of June 13th. The Army commenced crossing the 
James next day, at Wilcox's Landing. The 18th corps 
was at Bermuda Hundred the 14th p. m. It crossed the 
Appomattox River that night, and moved on the south 
side against the Petersburg defenses without delay. 

Pine Mountain, Ga., June 14th. The shot which killed 
Polk, Confederate corps commander, is said to have been 
fired by Thomas' order. That night Johnston abandoned 
Pine Mountain. 

Hulks were sunk at Trent's Reach in James River be- 
tween June 15th and 18th to protect the Army of the 
Potomac and the fleet from the Confederate fleet above. 

June 15th Thomas marched through the abandoned 
works at Pine Mountain, and Newton and another of 
Thomas' divisions, with supports, carried an intrenched 
skirmish line, and advanced nearly to Johnston's main line. 
Newton was stopped. The other division, not being held 
back, fought unsuccessfully till dark. 

Battles of Petersburg, Va., June 15th to 18th, 1864. 
There was some fighting by about 7 a. m. on the east. 
The 18th corps appeared near Petersburg. Cavalry dem- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 205 

onstrated from the south, withdrawing when they believed 
the infantry were not going to attack from the east. Then 
the infantry to the east attacked the Confederates. The 
18th corps assaulted near sunset and carried the lines 
northeast of Petersburg from the Appomattox River for 
over two and a half miles. Hoke's division, returned by 
Lee, reached Beauregard the evening of the 15th. The 
Federals had flanked battery No. 5 on the Confederate 
left. Hagood's brigade arrived and took position on a 
new line closely in rear of the captured works. That night 
Lee tented near Drewry's Bluff. 

E. T. Nichols, Georgia, naval officer, successfully en- 
gaged a Confederate battery at Four Mile Creek, James 
River, June 16th. 

J. J. Reynolds, Kentucky, was engaged in organizing 
forces for the capture of Mobile and Forts Gaines and 
Morgan June 16th to August 2d, 1864. 

Hunter invested Lynchburg, Va., June 16th. Early 
had marched to near Charlottesville by the 16th. 

Battle of Petersburg, June 16th. The Confederate 
lines in front of Bermuda Hundred were evacuated early 
a. m., and troops marched to the help of Petersburg. The 
Federals made a general assault after 5 p. m., the conflict 
lasting for three hours. D. B. Birney, Alabama, stormed 
and carried the ridge in his front. He broke the Confed- 
erate line and effected a lodgment. The fighting was in 
favor of the Confederates on their left, and seriously 
against them on their right. The Federals bombarded 
with pauses until morning. 

Johnston moved his left back from Lost Mountain the 
night of June 16th to a new line behind Mud Creek. 
One of the brigades of Newton's division there captured 
by a rush an intrenched line and its defenses. 

The Federals had taken possession of the Bermuda Hun- 
dred line when Bushrod Johnson left it for Petersburg. 
Lee recaptured it the 16th and 17th, his army arriving 
from north of the James. 



206 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Battle of Petersburg, June 17th. Fighting began early. 
The Federals attacked early. They were repulsed three 
times. They merely forced the Confederates into a strong 
interior line. About dusk a part of the Confederate line 
was wholly broken, and disaster was imminent to the Con- 
federates, when Grade's brigade arrived, leaped over the 
works, restored the line, drove the Federals back, and cap- 
tured about 2,000 prisoners. The firing lasted until 
shortly after 11 p. m. 

Battle of Lynchburg, June 17th and 18th. Action of 
Diamond Hill, June 17th. Early's advance division went 
by rail to Lynchburg the 17th. Hunter attacked. J. R. 
Meigs, District of Columbia, was engaged. 

Battle of Petersburg, June 18th. During the night the 
Confederates had fallen back to a new line on their left. 
This withdrawal to the interior line delayed the attack 
from early morning until noon. The attack had been or- 
dered for 4 a. m. Confusion was caused by not finding 
the Confederates in the old position. There were partial 
unsuccessful attacks before noon. Lee's vanguard reached 
the field in the a. m. His army was now south of the 
James. Lee in person arrived at 11:30 a.m. When the 
grand attack was made at noon, two of his divisions had 
reached the Petersburg lines. The attack was repulsed. 
Another grand attack at 4 p. m. by the 2d, 9th and 5th 
corps was repulsed. Later attacks by the 5th and 9th 
corps were repulsed. Mcintosh, Florida, was engaged in 
the battles around Petersburg. Federals had possession 
of James River up to City Point. 

Battle of Lynchburg, June 18th. Hunter's efforts were 
unsuccessful. He attacked right of the turnpike and was 
repulsed. Early having gotten heavy reinforcements to 
Lynchburg, Hunter retreated the night of the 18th. The 
rest of Early's men reached Lynchburg by rail late p. m., 
18th. D. H. Strother, Virginia; John S. Witcher, Vir- 
ginia, and Carr B. White, Kentucky, were in the Shenan- 
doah Valley campaign. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 207 

Action of Mud Creek, June 18th. T. J. Wood, Ken- 
tucky, and John Newton, Virginia, threw forward a strong 
line of skirmishers upon Johnston's new position, partly 
surprised their opponents and took a portion of their 
main line. The success led Johnston to abandon his 
position. 

June 19th, 1864, John A. Winslow, North Carolina, 
commanding the Kearsarge, fought the Alabama. The 
marksmanship of the Kearsarge was of a high order. The 
Alabama was sunk. She had 9 killed in the battle, 10 
drowned and 21 wounded. The use of chain armor pro- 
tecting the Kearsarge was patterned from Farragut, who 
used it with benefit in passing the forts to reach New Or- 
leans. 

Early drove Hunter's rear-guard through Liberty the 
19th p. m. He afterward captured ten pieces of artillery. 
Hunter retreated to and along the Kanawha River west- 
ward to the Ohio River. Early, after a brief pursuit, 
inarched for Maryland. 

Thomas, and Wood and Newton under him, were en- 
gaged in battles and skirmishes about Pine and Kenesaw 
Mountains, June 20th to July 2d. 

June 20th Whittaker crossed Nose's Creek, and later 
carried a wooded hill in his front, and barricaded and 
held his position against repeated and furious assaults. 
Confederates were driven back. 

Brush Mountain, June 20th. The Federals attacked 
the Confederates unsuccessfully. 

The night of June 20th— 21st a brigade of the Army of 
the James effected a lodgment on the north bank of the 
James at Deep Bottom. 

White House, Va., June 21st. J. J. Abercrombie, Ten- 
nessee, was in command of the depot at White House in 
June, 1864, being engaged in its defense against Hamp- 
ton's Legion. 

Early's pursuit of Hunter lasted through June 21st. 
He then marched for Maryland. 



208 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

The Confederate fleet came down the James River below 
Dutch Gap June 21st in a demonstration. 

Alex. A. Semmes, District of Columbia, passed and si- 
lenced Howlett house batteries on James River in June, 
1864. There was a midnight bombardment. 

Around Kenesaw Mountain, June 21st. Wood, Ken- 
tucky, carried an intrenched hill-top, and then gained an 
eminence which commanded the Confederate skirmish line, 
and permitted the advance of the right of the 4th corps. 
Johnston made three unsuccessful attempts during the 
night to dislodge Wood. Johnston had moved his right 
wing over to the left unknown to the Federals. 

Battle of Weldon Railroad, Jerusalem Plank Road, Pe- 
tersburg Lines, June 21st and 22d. Cavalry raid against 
Lee's railroad communications captured Reams' Station 
7 a. m. 22d. 

On the Jerusalem plank road Confederates got in be- 
tween the 2d corps, under D. B. Birney, and the 6th corps, 
and thereby defeated the Federals. Birney was engaged. 
Next morning Federal infantry advanced and reached the 
Weldon Railroad without much opposition. 

Combat of Culp's Farm, Culp's House, Ga., June 22d. 
Thomas' troops at 3 a. m. drove Confederates from a hill 
a mile in front of the center of the 20th corps. Hood made 
a forced night march from the right flank to the left, and 
attacked the Army of the Ohio and some of Thomas' troops 
hard. He was repulsed. At 3 p. m. Confederates attacked 
on Thomas' front and were repulsed. By pressure against 
Johnston's flanks, he was forced to contract his lines, and 
assumed the Kenesaw Mountain position, with his right 
still at Brush Mountain. 

Early started north June 23d. 

Combat of Lafayette, Tenn., June 24th-25th. Pillow, 
with 3,000 men, called upon L. D. Watkins, Florida, to 
surrender. He defended the town until reenforced by 
Croxton, Kentucky, commanding the 4th Kentucky 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 209 

mounted infantry, when Pillow was finally repulsed. Wat- 
kins showed courage and capacity. 

Work by the Federals on the Petersburg mine com- 
menced June 25th. The main gallery was 51 feet ; lateral 
galleries — left 37 feet, right 38 feet. 

New Hope Church, June 25th. Thomas' men were 
engaged. 

Deep Bottom, Va., June 27th. The 2d corps was 
crossed to the north side of the James River the night of 
June 26th with cavalry. On the 27th the Confederates 
were driven from their intrenched position at Deep Bot- 
tom, losing four guns. 

Battle of Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 27th, 1864. 
The Army of the Ohio crossed Olley's Creek, some distance 
south, holding a large force to oppose it. The Army of 
the Tennessee on the left did likewise. Thomas attacked 
the Confederate center at two points south of Kenesaw. 
Newton's division led one attack, another division partici- 
pating. Palmer, Kentucky, made the other attack. One 
attack was against Loring's left, the other against Cheat- 
ham's front. Cannonading preceded. Newton's men went 
far. A brigade stopped, was urged forward again, and 
reached the Confederate works, but was repulsed. The 
other division reached the Confederate works, but was com- 
pelled to halt. The men were left in a critical position, 
but Thomas had them construct defenses, keeping up a 
vigorous fire to do it. Newton's troops were less exposed 
in the advance but obstructions forced them to fall back. 
Newton assaulted again unsuccessfully. A brigade cap- 
tured one line of Confederate breastworks in the battle. 
Palmer's men succeeded in making a shelter close to the 
Confederate works. The attack had been repulsed. The 
position assaulted is comparable in strength with the Cem- 
etery at Gettysburg. 

Saml. W. Price, Kentucky, signally led a regiment in 
assault on a position on the Moulton and Dallas road, 



210 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

capturing and holding it against large numbers until re- 
enforced. Brannan won merit. 

After this, the Army of the Tennessee was sent to join 
the Army of the Ohio, and the cavalry to the Chattahoochee 
River far below Johnston. 

Early left Staunton June 28th. 

Combat of Deep Bottom, June 28th. Confederates 
attacked the Federals and checked them. The Federals 
recrossed to the south bank of the James River, the nights 
of the 28th and 29th. 

G. W. Getty was engaged in an expedition to Reams 
Station and the Weldon Railroad, June 28th to July 10th, 
1864. 

Geo. M. Bache, District of Columbia, commanded the 
four vessels in the army and navy expedition up the 
Arkansas River, June 29th. At Clarendon, Ark., he de- 
feated the Confederate batteries and troops. 

Emory was in command of the forces at Morganzia in 
June, 1864. 

J. R. Hawley, North Carolina, and Henry, Indian Ter- 
ritory, were engaged in the Army of the James in the 
Petersburg campaign, June, 1864. 

John C. Tidball, Virginia, commanded the artillery bri- 
gade of the 2d corps in the Richmond and Petersburg 
campaigns, May to July, 1864. 

Early reached Winchester July 2d. 1 

Johnston abandoned Kenesaw Mountain the night of 
July 2d. Thomas occupied Kenesaw Mountain July 3d 
at daylight. 

The Federal force in the Shenandoah Valley, Va., evac- 
uated Martinsburg July 3d and retreated across the Po- 
tomac at Shepherdstown that night. 

Geo. B. Balch, Tennessee, was engaged in naval opera- 
tions in the Stono River, S. C, July 3d to 11th, particu- 
lar^ the bombardment of Battery Pringle. T. S. 
Fillebroun, District of Columbia, commanding the Mon- 
tauk, was engaged. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 211 

Combat of Ruffs, Ga., July 3d— 4th. Thomas was en- 
gaged in an assault at Ruffs the 4th. 

Combat of Smyrna, July 4th. Thomas skirmished up 
to the Smyrna works July 3d. There was some fighting at 
Smyrna the 4th, demonstrating that Johnston was there 
in force. 

Federals evacuated Harper's Ferry the night of July 
4th. Early demonstrated against Maryland Heights 
from the Virginia side the 5th and crossed part of his com- 
mand to Maryland at Shepherdstown. 

Action of Chattahoochee River, July 5th. Thomas 
was engaged. 

Early menaced Maryland Heights on the Maryland side 
July 6th. He occupied Hagerstown and Boonsboro. 
Early's movements threatened Washington. Two divi- 
sions of the 6th corps were detached from the Army of the 
Potomac, and the 19th corps, just arriving from New Or- 
leans, was diverted to its defense. 

Passage of the Chattahoochee River, Ga., July 6th to 
10th. Newton, Wood and Brannan were engaged. 

J. J. Reynolds, Kentucky, was put in command of the 
19th corps, of the west, July 7th, 1864. 

Bombardment of Fort Pringle, Stono River, S. C, July 
7th to 10th. Engaged, Balch, Tennessee ; Fillebroun ; 
A. F. Crosman, Missouri, and Alex. A. Semmes, District 
of Columbia. Semmes participated in the operations at 
Charleston till its surrender. 

Crossing of the Chattahoochee, July 8th— 9th. The 
Federals feigned to the right and crossed on the left and 
intrenched. Johnston crossed and burnt his bridges. 
Thomas took the shortest line to Atlanta, with the Army 
of the Ohio above him, and the Army of the Tennessee 
still farther above, going by Roswell to Decatur — east of 
Atlanta. 

Early passed through Frederick, Md., July 9th. 

Combat of Monocacy River, Md., July 9th. The Fed- 
erals took position behind the river. Confederate cavahy 



212 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

crossed the river and struck their left flank, followed by 
Gordon. The left was thrown back, opening the way to 
the bridge near the center, where Ramseur now crossed, and 
the small Federal force was routed. Early neared Wash- 
ington the 10th. He detached troops to threaten Balti- 
more, and A. W. Bradford, Maryland, Governor of Mary- 
land, called out militia to defend it. French, Maryland, 
was in command of troops assembled at Havre de Grace 
during the demonstration against Washington. 

L. H. Rousseau, Kentucky, had been stationed at Nash- 
ville for the protection of communications of the army 
moving toward Atlanta. He had prevented Wheeler from 
damaging the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad. July 
10th he started from Decatur, Ala., with the brigade of 
T. J. Harrison, Kentucky, and another brigade, marching 
southeast on a raid far down in Alabama to Opelika, to 
sever railroad communication with the west, and prevent 
reinforcements and supplies from being received by John- 
ston from the west. 

Ord was in command of the 8th corps, and all troops in 
the Middle Department, July 11th to 21st, 1864. 

Early came up to the Washington works July 11th, which 
were manned just as he was moving upon them. They 
were weakly held before. Some of Emory's troops arrived 
before 2 p. m. He defended the city that day and the 
next, with Getty serving. M. C. Meigs, Georgia, com- 
manded a division occupying trenches east of Fort Stevens, 
July 11th to 14th. 

Fort Stevens, Washington, D. C, July 12th. Early 
remained the 12th and a Federal reconnoitering force from 
the city in the afternoon was driven back. He commenced 
retiring at night. 

Thomas was engaged in crossing the Chattahoochee, 
July 12th to 17th. 

Getty was with the forces following up Early in his re- 
tirement to the Shenandoah Valley, July 13th to August 
9th. J. R. Kenly, Maryland, participated. Early re- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 213 

crossed the Potomac above Leesburg, Va., the morn of 
the 14th. Bradley Johnson's detachment had threatened 
Baltimore and had started for Point Lookout to try to 
release the soldier prisoners, but had returned. Early 
moved from Leesburg, after resting over the 15th, and 
reached the Shenandoah Valley through Snicker's Gap. 

July 16th Rousseau burned four storehouses and their 
contents of provisions at Youngsville, Ala. July 18th he 
sent out raiders on the Atlantic & Montgomery Railway, 
who destroyed a large section, defeated a Confederate force 
and took 400 conscripts. In nine days Rousseau had trav- 
eled 300 miles. He was 100 miles in Johnston's rear. 

Hood succeeded Johnston in command of the Confed- 
erate anny July 18th. 

Battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 19th-21st. 
Wood constructed a bridge, and forced the passage of 
Peach Tree Creek July 19th, driving the Confederates 
from its defenses. Thomas' other troops fought their way 
over. 

Peach Tree Creek, July 20th. Thomas was in chief 
command on the field. The battle was fought by the Army 
of the Cumberland under his personal directions. Cross- 
ing Peach Tree Creek one of his corps was divided. Two 
divisions marched to connect with the Army of the Ohio, 
leaving an interval of nearly two miles between Thomas and 
his detached troops aligned with the Army of the Ohio. 
Newton remained on Thomas' left. Next was W. T. Ward, 
Virginia. Palmer's corps held Thomas' right. All having 
crossed, were stretched along the creek. Hood sallied 
from his Peach Tree line and struck the 20th corps, which 
had just crossed Peach Tree Creek. Hardee on the right, 
and Stewart on the left, in lines that overlapped Newton's 
position, assaulted at 3 p. m. The battle was opened by 
Hardee, falling on Newton. Newton and another general 
of division made dispositions for defense. Newton placed 
a four-gun battery and constructed slight rail barricades. 
The Federals were surprised, and taken at much disad- 



214 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

vantage in position. Most of Thomas' line had not had 
time to barricade. A division struck Newton in front, 
another passed his left flank and thrust itself between Pea- 
vine and Peach Tree Creek, and a third attacked his right 
flank. Whole battalions of Confederates went far into the 
gap east of him. He first acted to repulse the attack on 
his left, using reserve artillery. His soldierly eye, though 
he had not anticipated an assault, had previously marked 
a fine spot for artillery, and had led him to have two guns 
placed there. The two guns so placed in reserve helped 
beat back the flank movement when he was isolated. 
Thomas, behind the creek, turned some reserve batteries 
upon the Confederate battalions and cannonaded the thick- 
ets that bordered the creek, sweeping the valley as far as 
the cannon could reach. The flanking Confederates broke 
in confusion. Newton next repelled the front attack. 
His rifles and cannon, with incessant firing, stopped and 
repulsed it. One brigade which participated then changed 
front at right angles, and engaged the third Confederate 
division, which had advanced between Newton and the 
troops on his right, and had faced east. Ward's division 
now advanced from cover, and its skirmish line held the 
Confederates in check until the whole division had reached 
a hill to the right and rear of Newton. Ward drove back 
the Confederates shattered. He advanced and filled the 
interval on Newton's right and fortified. The attack 
which swept on along Thomas' line was repulsed, though 
the ranks were shaken in places. The Army of the Ten- 
nessee was working to the east so rapidly that Cleburne's 
division was taken away to help meet it. Stewart drove 
Thomas' right from its works, and held them until driven 
out by an enfilade fire of batteries placed in position by 
Thomas. 

Hood made a second general attack, commencing upon 
Newton's left in the effort to double up his line by taking 
it in reverse as well as in flank. The crisis came with the 
reappearance of Bate's division to the left and rear of 



.< 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 215 

Newton. Thomas hurried up the artillery of Ward's divi- 
sion, in person urging the horses on, using his sword on 
them, planted them alongside the two left by Newton and 
then directed the action of the guns. They fired at short 
range furiously, and the attack was repulsed there. The 
battle passed on to the right, but the Federal line was now 
compact, and the direct assaults failed. Charge after 
charge was repulsed. R. W. Johnson, Kentucky, on the 
right was heavily attacked. Four divisions and a brigade 
had withstood the heavy Confederate attacks. Thomas 
was with the troops in the battle at points of extreme 
danger. He exposed himself in different portions of the 
field. Newton's conduct of his command was scientific, and 
his valor was prominent. 

Wood, to the left, beyond the two-mile gap, was some- 
what heavily engaged during the afternoon. 

A division of the Army of the Tennessee swept Wheeler's 
cavalry back, until he made a stand at Bald Hill Knob, 
where Cleburne came. 

Ord, Maryland, was in command of the 18th corps, July 
21st to September 30th, 1864, in the operations before 
Richmond. 

Battle of Atlanta, Ga., July 21st and 22d. 

On the 21st Thomas brought forward his three corps. 
Blair was ordered to seize Bald Hill. M. F. Force, Dis- 
trict of Columbia, with support, charged the hill and car- 
ried it, losing heavily. It was a high hill, which gave a 
full view of the heart of Atlanta. Hood gave up the 
Peach Tree line, and after dark drew back two corps into 
the outer works. 

Battle of Atlanta, or Decatur, July 22d. The night of 
the 21st Hardee was sent south, then around the Federal 
left flank until his rear was nearly past its extreme left. 
The Confederate trenches having been deserted from Bald 
Hill to Thomas' right, the Federals closed on Atlanta, 
skirmishing. Blair held the left of the Federal line. A 
Federal corps had remained for the night a mile or more 



216 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

in rear of Blair's general line. It had sent a detachment 
to hold Decatur, support the cavalry and take care of some 
army wagons and had marched toward Atlanta. Fortui- 
tously, one division was nearly parallel to Hardee's front, 
so that when the skirmish shots rang out, they had merely 
to face about and were in a good line. Their position was 
most fortunate. Hardee had to cross some open fields. 
He had turned the left flank. Battle raged. About 
3 p. m. Cheatham attacked the Federal left in front and 
took possession of some Federal defenses there. Hood 
attacked all along the east front of Atlanta. Blair's 
corps, during the day, was attacked first from the rear, 
then flank, and then front. It was beaten back at right 
angles hinging at Bald Hill. The line of the Army of the 
Tennessee was broken. The Confederates drove back a 
portion of a division, and flanked the rest, causing the 
whole division to break to the rear in confusion, losing 
guns. The troops stopped their retreat at the line occu- 
pied by them in the morning, and reformed. They, 
Wood's division, and another brigade, recaptured some of 
the cannon which had been lost. Wood struck the Con- 
federate flank, breaking it. Blair repulsed a front attack. 
He made his men spring to the reverse side of their 
intrenchments ready to fire. They then fought other 
Confederates from that side. M. F. Force, District of 
Columbia, was conspicuous. He charged upon Confederate 
works, and, after their capture, defended his position until 
severely wounded. Hardee bore off eight guns. Cheat- 
ham captured five guns. After fighting till night, Hood 
withdrew. The Army of the Ohio and Thomas tried to 
break through the Atlanta intrenchments during the battle 
in vain. 

Rousseau, Kentucky, arrived at Marietta, Ga., July 22d, 
having come through by a long circuit, accomplishing his 
raid through Alabama and Georgia. He suggested the 
expedition, organized and commanded it. In 15 days he 
traveled 450 miles, took and paroled 2,000 prisoners, killed 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 217 

and wounded 200, defeating a Confederate force at the 
Coosa River, and captured 800 horses and mules. He 
destroyed 31 miles of railroad track and many supplies. 
He passed through Talladega, and destroyed the railroad 
thence, and went 25 miles to Opelika, doing some harm to 
the branch road. 

Early established himself at Strasburg July 22d. 

The State Convention of Federal Louisiana adopted a 
new constitution July 22d, 1864. 

Rousseau's cavalry was in a raid to Love joy Station, 
Ga., July 26th to 31st, to destroy the railroad track in 
Hood's rear. 

July 28th E. T. Nichols, Georgia, naval officer, was en- 
gaged in the shelling of batteries at Four-mile Creek. 

July 27th the Army of the Tennessee was marching 
around the rear of the other two armies to close upon 
Atlanta on the southwest side near Ezra church. 

Battle of Ezra Church, Ga., July 28th, 1864. Blair 
occupied the center of the Army of the Tennessee. Hood 
sent a force against the right of the Army of the Ten- 
nessee. At 8 a. m. there was increasing skirmishing. 
Hood attacked before the right had intrenched. Confed- 
erates, in small force, passed beyond the extreme right. 
Two regiments from Blair's corps, with repeating rifles, 
and other regiments came to the rescue. The repeat- 
ing rifles were remarkable in their execution. Cannon 
were placed. Blair was watchful and helpful. The flank- 
ing Confederates were killed or retreated, and the attack 
spent its force. Hood withdrew within his fortified lines. 
During the battle the Army of the Cumberland skirmished 
heavily on its whole front as a diversion. 

After this battle the Federal right was gradually worked 
eastward and southward. 

The latter part of July Canby, Kentucky, made ar- 
rangements with Farragut to cooperate against Mobile, 
Ala. In person he moved along the eastern shore of Mo- 
bile Bay. 



818 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Battle of the Crater, Petersburg Mine, July 30th. The 
explosion was about 4 :30 a. m. Federal troops filled the 
crater. Advances around its sides failed. The Federals 
who reached the Confederate trenches on the sides of the 
crater sought refuge with others in the crater. Mahone, 
Confederate, charged on the crater at 2 p. m. and cap- 
tured it. 

Henry was engaged before Fort Harrison. 

In July, 1864, Wm. K. Mayo, Virginia, took command 
of the monitor Nahant in front of Charleston and discov- 
ered the port was not closed to commerce entirely. A more 
vigorous system was adopted with good results. During 
July and August there were frequent engagements in the 
James River between the fleet of S. P. Lee, Virginia, and 
Confederate batteries. 

After July, 1864, D. B. Birney, Alabama, commanded 
the 10th corps, Army of the James. 

Canby, Kentucky, landed a division on the west end of 
Dauphin Island, Mobile Bay, August 3d, and prepared 
to besiege Fort Gaines. 

August 4th Palmer felt part of Hood's line heavily. 
One of Thomas' divisions pushed up against the Confed- 
erates August 5th. 



CH 



AFTER VIII 

Mobile Bay — Weldon Railroad — Jonesboro — Ope- 
quon — Fisher's Hill — Chaffin's Farm — Cedar Creek 
— Marais des Cygnes — Hatcher's Run — Spring Hill — ■ 
Franklin — Nashville. 

Battle of Mobile Bay, Passage of Forts Gaines and 
Morgan, August 5th. Farragut, Tennessee, had the forts, 
torpedoes, iron-clad Tennessee and three gunboats to en- 
counter. P. Drayton, South Carolina, commanding the 
Hartford, was his fleet-captain. Farragut had eighteen 
vessels in all. The Tecumseh, Manhattan, Winnebago 
and Chickasaw were monitors. Farragut's vessels were 
lashed together in pairs. The fleet moved by 5 A5 a. m. 
The Confederate vessels took position across the entrance 
to the Bay and raked fore and aft, doing great damage. 
The monitors were in advance. The Tecumseh was sunk 
by a torpedo. The Hartford passed to the head of the 
wooden vessels by Farragut's order, going over torpedo 
ground. The Hartford and the Metacomet, commanded 
by J. E. Jouett, Kentucky, lashed to her, passed the forts 
and got into the Bay ahead of the others. The Confed- 
erate gunboat Selma, in front, raked her fore and aft, as 
she had to keep a narrow channel. The Tennessee came 
near her, then turned and made for the fleet, some distance 
behind, still in front of Fort Morgan. Jouett, at 8 a. m., 
was permitted to cut the Metacomet loose and attack the 
Selma. The Metacomet was the fastest vessel in the fleet. 
He overtook the Selma, closed with and captured her. He 
exhibited coolness, promptness and good conduct. The 
Gaines was crippled by the Hartford before the Selma sur- 
rendered. The Gaines ran aground and was set on fire. 

219 



220 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

The crew escaped to Fort Morgan. B. Gherardi, Louisi- 
ana, commanding the Port Royal, joined in the chase of 
the Morgan, Gaines and Selma. W. P. McCann, Ken- 
tucky, commanding the Kennebec, pursued the Morgan. 
The Hartford reached the deep water of the Bay and 
anchored. The Tennessee made for the fleet, which passed 
the fort before she could reach them. The Kennebec, 
lashed to the Monongahela, rammed the Tennessee. The 
Richmond, commanded by T. A. Jenkins, Virginia, follow- 
ing the Hartford, was now ahead, with the others, except 
the Brooklyn, half a mile astern. The Tennessee sheered 
off from the Brooklyn, and put two shells through and 
through her sides. The Richmond gave the Tennessee 
three broadsides, but they were harmless. The fleet 
anchored around the Hartford, except four vessels, which 
had put after the Confederate gunboats. The Tennessee, 
after remaining near Fort Morgan, came against the fleet. 
Attempts were made to ram the Tennessee injuriously, the 
Monongahela striking her with an iron prow, knocking it 
off, and the Lackawanna with a wooden prow. They were 
harmless. The Tennessee made for the Hartford. The 
two slid against each other. A shot from the Chickasaw 
cut the Tennessee's rudder-chain. She was not steerable 
thereafter, and her fighting career was ended. From the 
time the Hartford struck the Tennessee, the latter did not 
fire a gun. The Tennessee surrendered at 10 a«. m. 280 
captives were taken with the Tennessee and Selma. The 
small gunboat Philippi, in attempting to run by the Fort, 
was sunk, and was afterward burned by the Confederates. 

Drayton showed marked fighting capacity in the battle. 
Gherardi was cool and courageous. Ed. Donaldson, 
Maryland, commanded the Seminole. 

J. C. P. DeKrafft, District of Columbia, commanding 
the Conemaugh, fought Fort Powell, Mobile Bay. Fort 
Powell was evacuated the night of August 5th. 

The great fighting career of Farragut is capped by his 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 221 

conduct of the battle of Mobile Bay. The presidential 
election was coming on, and, if there were to be no success 
of the Federal forces, the Mar party had no show of win- 
ning. Lincoln in the presidency was at stake. The battle 
of Mobile Bay brightened the outlook. After it, the 
armies in Georgia were not required to march against Mo- 
bile, following the capture of Atlanta, and Mere free to 
proceed with other plans. The battle stopped blockade- 
running into Mobile. 104 guns and 1,464 men M r ere taken 
in the operations. 

Canby, Kentucky, Mas engaged in land operations 
against Mobile betM-een August 5th and 23d. 

August 6th R. W. Johnson, Kentucky, was given com- 
mand of the 14th corps. Hood felt Thomas' line from 
right to left. 

Fort Gaines, Mobile Harbor, surrendered August 7th as 
a result of Farragut's victory. T. A. Jenkins, Virginia, 
was engaged there. 

August 7th Johnson's corps advanced, carried a line of 
rifle-pits and established a line close to the Confederate 
works. Confederate cavalry moved against the Federal 
communications. Wheeler recaptured Dalton and Resaca 
and destroyed railroads. Forrest also did great damage in 
Tennessee. Rousseau, commanding at Nashville, set to 
Mork to foil them. 

Emory, Maryland, Mas engaged in folloM'ing Early from 
Washington to the Shenandoah, opposing him till large 
Federal reinforcements arrived, August 7th. Early with- 
drew to Fisher's hill before the Federal advance. He had 
just entered Maryland again. The Federals withdrew to 
Halltown M'hen Early, in turn, was reenforced. 

Fort Morgan, Mobile Bay. Troops and guns were 
landed by the Federals at Navy Cove August 9th. Far- 
ragut's fleet attacked the Fort, bombarding daily. 

August 9th there was a great cannonade of Atlanta. 

The Federal Shenandoah Valley army started south from 



222 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

near Harper's Ferry August 10th, aiming at Early's line 
of retreat. Getty was in the Shenandoah campaign, Aug- 
ust 10th to December 2d. 

Combats of Deep Bottom, Va. Birney's corps, and 
the 2d corps and cavalry were sent over James River the 
night of August 13th to threaten Richmond from the 
north side of the James. 

Combat of Deep Bottom, August 14th. D. B. Birney 
participated on the left — next James River — gaining 
some advantage and taking four guns. George B. Dandy, 
Georgia, fought well. 

By August 14th troops had approached within 700 
yards of Fort Morgan. By the 15th Canby's men had 
erected several batteries of heavy guns on the land ap- 
proach. 

Craven, District of Columbia, commanding the Niagara, 
captured the commerce-destroyer Georgia near Lisbon 
August 15th. 

Combats of Deep Bottom, Bayliss Creek, Va., August 
16th to 18th. Birney was on the right. He carried the 
Confederate lines and captured 300 men. Later the Con- 
federates drove him back. Incidentally, the weakening of 
Lee's forces south of the James aided the Federals in seiz- 
ing the Weldon Railroad. 

J. R. Meigs, District of Columbia, was Chief Engineer 
to the middle military division in the Shenandoah cam- 
paign, August 17th to October 3d. 

Battles of the Weldon Railroad, August 18th to 20th. 
Globe Tavern, Va., August 18th. Federals moving to the 
Weldon Railroad were confronted by Confederates. At 
first, they were forced to fall back to prevent the turning 
of their left flank ; then they drove the Confederates and 
held the railroad. 

Globe Tavern, August 19th. Federals were attacked by 
Lee, who seized part of their line. Federals were re- 
enforced and regained nearly all of their ground. The line 
of the 5th corps was drawn back about a mile, August 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 223 

20th. The force north of the James recrossed the night 
of August 20th. 

Weldon Railroad, Globe Tavern, August 21st. Lee 
assaulted the intrenched Federals. Hagood's brigade got 
inside the works on the Federal left, and part of them 
were captured. Lee gained an advantage, with large cap- 
tures, but the Federals held on. 

Reams Station, August 21st— 22d. The 2d corps de- 
stroyed the track for some distance. 

Action of Charlestown, August 21st. Getty lost con- 
siderably. 

By August 21st Canby's troops had approached within 
200 yards of Fort Morgan. 

Fort Morgan, Mobile Bay, August 22d. There was 
heavy bombardment by Farragut's fleet and Canby's guns. 
T. A. Jenkins, Virginia, was engaged. All but two of its 
guns were disabled. It surrendered August 23d. The 
garrison was 400 men. Jenkins was left in command of 
Mobile Bay Division until February, 1865. 

R. W. Johnson, Kentucky, was Chief of Cavalry, Mili- 
tary Division of the Mississippi, August 22d to October 
27th, 1864. He was dispatched to Nashville to equip and 
forward cavalry from that station. 

Weldon Railroad. The 2d corps had burnt some miles 
of track when notified August 24th that Confederates were 
moving to the Federal left. 

Battle of Reams Station, Va., August 25th. The Fed- 
erals had an intrenched camp. Lee made a reconnoissance 
at 2 p. m. He attacked the Federal right there twice and 
was repulsed. At 5 p. m. Hill opened with artillery. The 
Federals were attacked on their right and lost the line 
and artillery. They retook some of the line by means of 
a line formed at right angles, and sweeping down. The 
Federal left was put to flight. Lee failed to drive the 
Federals from a new line, and reinforcements came to 
them before dark. They retreated after dark. 

Elwell S. Otis, Maryland, commanded a regular brigade 



224 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

in operations around Petersburg, and, during the early 
fall of 1864, on and near the Weldon Railroad. A rifle 
ball passed through the left side of his head, while serv- 
ing on the line of the Weldon Railroad. 

August 25th the investment of Atlanta was abandoned. 
One corps was left to protect communications. The 
others wheeled to the south against the railroad to the 
southeast, which was the Confederate line of communica- 
tions. The Army of the Tennessee at the extreme south 
aimed at Jonesboro, not fortified, 26 miles below Atlanta 
on the railroad. It neared Jonesboro and Hardee faced it. 

Expedition of Sterling Price, Confederate, August 28th 
to December 2d. Leaving Camden, southern Arkansas, he 
moved north through central Arkansas and northeastern 
Arkansas ; north through eastern Missouri to the out- 
skirts of St. Louis ; west across the entire State, appearing 
before the intrenchments of the Capital — Jefferson City ; 
south along the western border of Missouri, passing for a 
short distance into Kansas ; south through western Arkan- 
sas, into Indian Territory, across it toward the center into 
Texas ; through Texas some distance ; then into Arkansas, 
ending not far from the starting point. He fought at 
Pilot Knob, Jefferson City, Lexington, Boonville, Little 
and Big Blue, Westport, Osage and Marais des Cygnes. 

Hunter's command of the Department of West Vir- 
ginia ended August 29th. 

Battle of Jonesboro, August 3Cth, 31st and September 
1st. August 30th a Federal attack upon Lewis' brigade 
was repulsed. 

One of Thomas' divisions reached the railroad southeast 
of Atlanta. A part of Thomas' army was attacked by 
Hardee's and Lee's corps, which were repulsed. 

Jonesboro, August 31st. Hardee attacked the Army of 
the Tennessee and was repulsed. Blair's corps was in the 
center. Rude breastworks were made and Hardee again 
failed. The Federals struck the West Point road and 
then the Macon road. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 225 

Battle of Jonesboro, September 1st. The Federal arm- 
ies were concentrated upon Jonesboro. Thomas, join- 
ing the left of the Army of the Tennessee, mainly fought 
the day's battle. The 14th corps of the Army of the 
Cumberland, under Thomas' personal directions and or- 
ders and in his presence, attacked Hardee's corps, posted 
behind intrenchments, and carried the works. One of 
Johnson's divisions carried its entire front. It was the 
most complete and successful assault upon formidable 
works of the whole campaign, and led to the relinquish- 
ment of Atlanta next day. Nearly 1,000 men, 8 guns 
and seven battle flags were captured. Brannan, District 
of Columbia; Newton, Virginia, and Wood, Kentucky, 
w^re engaged in the assault of the intrenchments. 

Rousseau pursued Wheeler in Tennessee, September 1st 
to 8th. 

Occupation of Atlanta, September 2d. The 20th corps, 
of Thomas' command, entered Atlanta. The Confed- 
erate forces had been drawn away. Hood then took 
position at Love joy's Station, 30 miles southeast of At- 
lanta. During the night Hardee fell back to Love joy's 
station. 

Lovejoy's Station, September 2d. Part of Thomas' 
army attacked the Confederates. Wood reached their po- 
sition near 6 p. m. He was severely wounded, but did not 
leave the field. Newton was engaged. 

The vigilance of Canby had prevented trans-Mississippi 
troops from joining Hood. 

In the Atlanta campaign Palmer, Kentucky, and John- 
son, Kentucky, commanded the 14th corps and Blair the 
17th corps. Brannan was chief of artillery of Thomas' 
army. Newton, Virginia ; W. T. Ward, Virginia ; Wood, 
Kentucky ; Wm. Harrow, Kentucky ; H. M. Judah, 
Maryland commanded divisions. Kenner Garrard, Ken- 
tucky, and E. H. Murray, Kentucky, commanded cavalry 
divisions. The bravery of Brannan, Whittaker, and Wil- 
liamson, Kentucky, was recognized. E. W. Crittenden, 



226 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Kentucky ; Thos. C. Fletcher, Missouri ; Theo. Jones, Dis- 
trict of Columbia ; Jas. S. Martin, Virginia ; Durbin Ward, 
Kentucky ; Wm. Vandever, Maryland ; Chas. Candy, Ken- 
tucky; Eli Long, Kentucky; T. J. Harrison, Kentucky; 
M. F. Force, District of Columbia; John T. Croxton, 
Kentucky; Jas. P. Brownlow, Tennessee; Jos. A. Cooper, 
Kentucky, and T. J. Henderson, Tennessee, were engaged. 
Vandever was at Rome from May 22d. Long operated 
in north Alabama to June 6th. There were more than 
thirty Federal Kentucky regiments in the Atlanta cam- 
paign. 

Brannan arranged artillery for the defense of Atlanta. 
Newton was engaged in the occupation of Atlanta. 

The Shenandoah Valley army moved forward from 
Charlestown September 3d. 

Greeneville, Tenn., September 4th. Morgan, the Con- 
federate cavalry leader, was surprised and killed while on 
an advance to attack Alvan C. Gillem, Tennessee, at Bull's 
Gap, Tenn. Gillem found Morgan in a house in Greene- 
ville. He was killed attempting to escape. 

September 7th Fort Wagner, Charleston Harbor, was 
evacuated. 

In September, 1864, S. P. Lee, Virginia, spoke about 
the Albemarle, and two plans were submitted to him for 
her capture or destruction. Lee approved one and had it 
placed before the Navy Department at Washington. The 
purchase of suitable vessels was ordered. 

September 8th Price crossed the Arkansas River at 
Dardanelle on his way to Missouri. 

The Federal army was concentrated in Atlanta Septem- 
ber 9th. 

In the operations around Petersburg Federals drove 
picket lines across the plank road, and advanced their 
permanent line half a mile, September 10th. Henry was 
engaged in the operations around Petersburg from June to 
September, 1864. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 227 

Thos. H. Patterson, Louisiana, was senior officer of the 
outside blockade off Charleston September 15th. 

September 18th part of Early's army was before Mar- 
tinsburg. 

Battle of Winchester or Opequon, September 19th, 
1864. At daylight the Federals crossed the Opequon. 
Early was attacked on his left flank and front. One bri- 
gade was driven back, but the position was regained. 
Then the Confederates forced the attacking body off. 
This was about 11 a. m. Rodes was killed in the Confed- 
erate attack. Breckenridge's part of the army reached 
the field from Martinsburg about 2 p. m. Emory's corps 
broke the first line of the Confederate left and threw it into 
confusion. Emory posted a regiment in a projection of 
wood, with orders not to fire until the pursuing Confed- 
erates should have passed them. As they thus received a 
volley from behind, a volley from their front sent them 
back. The Federal center was driven back. The line was 
restored. After a lull, Federal cavalry got in the left rear 
of the Confederates. The Federals were outflanking the 
Confederate left. The Confederate line there fell back, 
and a new line was formed. The 8th corps or Army of 
West Virginia, advanced against the left and again the 
cavalry got to the left rear. The line there gave way, 
and Early fell back through Winchester, formed a new 
line, checking the Federals until darkness ended the at- 
tack, then retired to Newtown. Getty was valiant and 
useful in the battle. Mcintosh, Florida, played a signal 
part, losing a leg. The fighting of I. H. Duval, Virginia, 
was of merit. J. R. Meigs, District of Columbia, was en- 
gaged. 

By night September 20th Emory and others were on 
the heights of Strasburg. 

September 20th Forrest started against Federal posts 
and communications in Tennessee. He captured Athens, 
Ala., and 500 prisoners. September 21st Hood shifted 



228 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

his position to Palmetto Station — 25 miles southwest of 
Atlanta, preparatory to a campaign against the commu- 
nications of the army at Atlanta. When Hood started 
against communications Newton was sent to Chattanooga. 

Fisher's Hill, Va., September 22d. A force of the Fed- 
erals was marched to Little North Mountain, near the left 
flank. They struck Early's left and rear so suddenly as 
to cause his army to break and retreat. This was near 
sundown. Getty fought with spirit. His division did 
good work. J. R. Meigs was engaged. At Opequon and 
Fisher's Hill the Federals captured 21 guns. That night 
the Federals followed Early to Woodstock. 995 Con- 
federates were captured. The Federals pushed Early 
through Harrisonburg and Staunton, but Early never 
crossed to the east of the Blue Ridge. 

By September 24th the Federals had followed the Con- 
federates to Mt. Jackson, where they were driven from a 
strong position. The Federal cavalry struck Staunton and 
Waynesboro, then retired before Early. The Valley was 
now devastated from Staunton to Winchester. 

Combat of Fort Davidson, Pilot Knob, or Ironton, Mo., 
September 26th— 27th. Price skirmished the 26th and at- 
tacked the Fort 27th. Thos. C. Fletcher, Missouri, com- 
manded infantry forces at Pilot Knob courageously. Price 
was repulsed, but the Federals evacuated that night. They 
dropped back, and Price attacked the defenses of St. Louis, 
some miles south of the city. He was repulsed. He then 
moved toward Jefferson City. The enrolled militia of cen- 
tral Missouri were called out, and troops were concen- 
trated at Jefferson City. 

Newton and another division were sent September 28th 
to contend against Forrest in Tennessee. Next day 
Thomas was ordered back to Stevenson and Decherd to 
look after Tennessee, protecting communications. 

Fort Harrison, Chaffin's Farm, Va., September 29th. 
The night of September 28th, the 10th corps under D. 
B. Birney and the 18th under Ord were crossed to the 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 229 

north side of the James River. On the 29th they car- 
ried the strong fortifications and intrenchments below 
Chaffin's farm, known as Fort Harrison. Ord valiantly 
stormed the Fort. He was severely wounded. Birney at- 
tacked the works at Spring Hill, on New Market Heights. 
The defenses were strong — abatis, marsh and redoubt. 
They were carried by a bayonet charge. This was the 
key -point to the Confederate defenses. 15 guns had been 
captured and the New Market road and intrenchments, a 
position from which Richmond was seriously threatened. 
Geo. B. Dandy, Georgia, was engaged at Fort Harrison. 
Fort Gilmer was then attacked, but the Federals were re- 
pulsed with loss. Wm. Birney, Alabama, was engaged. 

Poplar Springs Church, Va., September 30th. D. B. 
Birney took the Confederate works. Moving to the left, 
the troops were attacked and forced back until supported 
by those holding the captured works. The Federal cavalry 
was attacked and repulsed the Confederates. 

Rousseau, Kentucky, went after Forrest, and stopped 
him from damaging the railroad between Tullahoma and 
Decherd. At Pulaski, Tenn., he repulsed Forrest the last 
of September. Forrest pushed on to Columbia, where 
Rousseau confronted him, saving Columbia. Rousseau's 
movements circumvented Forrest. 

Battle of Fort Harrison, September 30th and October 
1st. Lee assaulted Fort Harrison several times unsuccess- 
fully September 30th and October 1st, losing about 2,000 
men and 7 battle-flags. Birney intrenched the Chaffin's 
Bluff line. Ord and Birney had advanced their lines to 
within seven miles of Richmond. 

Action of Carroll Station, September 30th— October 1st. 
A. C. Gillem, Tennessee, drove Vaughn out of his works. 

J. J. Reynolds, Kentucky, was in command on the Mis- 
sissippi River from its mouth to Memphis, October to De- 
cember, 1864. 

Hood crossed the Chattahoochee River at Campbelltown 
October 1st, and moved northwest on Dallas, a detachment 



230 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

destroying fifteen miles of railroad track above Marietta. 
He sent French's division against Allatoona. The Fed- 
eral armies at Atlanta followed Hood. One corps was left 
at Atlanta. 

Action of King's Salt Works, near Saltville, Va., Oc- 
tober 2d. In September S. G. Burbridge, Kentucky, ad- 
vanced through eastern Kentucky and up the Big Sandy 
River upon the salt works. At Liberty Hall, Va., Giltner 
met him, and delayed him so that Breckenridge got to the 
salt works first. Burbridge attacked on the 2d. He was 
repulsed and fell back, pursued to the Louisa Fork of the 
Big Sandy. 

Thomas arrived at Nashville October 3d. He con- 
verged four columns upon Forrest. Rousseau and John 
T. Croxton, Kentucky, commanded two of the columns. 
Forrest turned south and withdrew across the Tennessee 
River. When Hood moved north Thomas made disposi- 
tions against him. 

Combat of Allatoona Creek, or Allatoona Pass, Ga., Oc- 
tober 5th. Reinforcements had arrived from Rome, and 
the Federals held the place, losing heavily, while the Con- 
federate loss was somewhat more. Wm. Vandever, Mary- 
land, at Kenesaw Mountain, succeeded in signaling over 
the heads of the Confederates a message to hold on ; that 
the main army troops were on the way. 

Action of Darbytown Road, near Fort Harrison, Va., 
October 7th. Federal cavalry were driven back with heavy 
loss. The Confederates captured nine guns. They then 
attacked the Federal infantry line there and were re- 
pulsed. 

Defense of Jefferson City, Mo., October 8th. Price at- 
tacked the defenses, but, being closely pursued from St. 
Louis, left, moving up the Missouri River. A. Pleasanton, 
District of Columbia, contributed to his decampment. 
Troops of the Department of Kansas were collected to de- 
fend against Price. 24 regiments of Kansas militia were 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 231 

hastily organized. Pleasanton was among those following 
him. 

John C. Tidball, Virginia, was in command of the 9th 
corps artillery brigade from October 9th, 1864, to April 
2d, 1865. 

Horatio G. Gibson, Maryland, was in command at Lou- 
don, Tenn., October 12th to November 18th, 1864. 

S. P. Lee, Virginia, relinquished command of the North 
Atlantic Squadron October 12th, 1864, having held it since 
September, 1862. 

Hood by a circuit reached Resaca October 12th. He 
summoned it to surrender, but did not attack. He de- 
stroyed the railroad for twenty miles. He took Dalton, 
October 13th. The Federal army from Atlanta followed 
to Resaca, then turned west to intercept Hood. Hood es- 
caped to Gadsden, Ala. The Federals stopped at Gayles- 
ville, Ala., about fifty miles to the northeast. Hood, after 
a short pause, crossed the mountains and went to Decatur, 
Ala. ; finally opposite Florence, Ala. 

Combat of Darbytown Road, Va., October 13th. The 
Federals lost heavily, going against new works being con- 
structed by the Confederates on the line of the Darbytown 
Road. J. R. Hawley, North Carolina, was engaged. 

Preparations were made for the march through Georgia, 
to reach a new base, with a view to joining the forces 
around Richmond, the inland march of a thousand miles 
being too long to attempt. Under date of October 19th 
Thomas was put in command of all the Military Division 
of the Mississippi except the army which was to march 
through Georgia. He was asked to defend the line of the 
Tennessee during its absence. When Hood appeared at 
Decatur, the 4th corps was sent to Thomas. When Hood 
went to Tuscumbia, the 23d corps was started for Ten- 
nessee, to follow his orders. 

Battle of Cedar Creek, Va., October 19th. The 8th 
corps held the Federal left; Emory with the 19th corps 



232 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

the center; Getty with the 6th corps the right. At dawn, 
Early attacked the 8th corps in front and around the 
rear, and quickly passed on to the rear of Emory. It was 
a fatal surprise. The 8th corps was gone in a few min- 
utes. Emory made an attempt to form a line, but un- 
successfully. His corps repulsed the first show in their 
front. When the Confederates appeared in their rear, 
they retreated a mile and a half, when, the pursuit having 
stopped, he formed a line. Getty made a show of resist- 
ance. After the rout of the 8th and 19th corps, when 
Pegram and Ramseur were before the front of the 6th 
corps, Wharton advanced against its left, but fell back 
before its efforts. Cavalry on the right met Confederate 
cavalry sent by Early to make a demonstration there. 
Getty's infantry made itself felt on the Confederate ad- 
vance. The artillery with the cavalry was the only artil- 
lery left to the army. All not captured had been sent to 
the rear. The 19th corps had gone to the west of Get- 
ty's corps and moved north, while Getty fell back before 
the Confederates. Getty was thus falling back to a po- 
sition at Emory's left. Emory's corps had fallen back 
another mile and prepared for action. The men threw 
up rude breastworks. Emory repulsed an attack at 10 
a. m. Two of Getty's divisions had retreated to Emory's 
line by 11 a. m., and then had been gotten back. Getty's 
own division was at the front. This division and the 
cavalry were the only troops left resisting the Confed- 
erates. Wharton had been ordered to form his division 
and hold the Federal cavalry around Middletown in check. 
About noon Emory was ordered to fall back to his final 
rear position. While facing the Federal position two 
miles north of Middletown Early ordered the captured ar- 
tillery, arms and wagons sent back. The cavalry attacked 
the Confederate right several times. The Federal cavalry 
had formed, and had arrayed itself on the Confederate 
right, having advanced to that position. After the Fed- 
eral line had been formed, the cavalry on the Federal left 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 233 

charged, scattering the Confederates in their front. The 
successful Federal advance was late in the afternoon. The 
Confederate end-brigade was not in touch with the next, 
and the Federals pushed in between. The division of J. 
W. McMillan, Kentucky, on the extreme right enveloped 
the Confederates. Emory helped strike the Confederates 
when they were flanked and driven. His first division later 
formed nearly at right angles with the Confederate front, 
so that it was able to crowd them back. The cavalry 
charged the Confederate right unsuccessfully. A small 
part of the Confederate force on the left, with artillery, 
held the Federals in check some time. Ramseur was mor- 
tally wounded, and the artillery ammunition gave out, 
the balance of the left gave way, and Early ordered the 
right to retire. A rout ensued, the Federals reaching their 
morning camp. Early lost artillery on the field, and a 
large part of the artillery he lost was at night south of 
Cedar Creek near Strasburg, by a cavalry attack, along 
with the breaking of a bridge. Altogether he lost almost 
all his artillery and trains. 

Getty commanded the 6th corps during part of the 
battle. Besides, he commanded a division of it. C. H. 
Tompkins, Virginia, commanded its artillery brigade with 
honor. Thos. M. Harris, Virginia, commanded a di- 
vision. W. H. Ball, Virginia, was heavily engaged. 
David Shunk, Maryland, commanded one of McMillan's 
brigades. D. R. Ransom, North Carolina, commanded 
horse artillery. Wm. B. Curtis, Maryland, and Milton 
Wells, Virginia, were engaged. 

Emory and Getty, forming new lines after the morning 
rout, formed thereby a quick barrier between the Confed- 
erates and Washington, with a fleeing army in the back- 
ground, and the overthrow of the Lincoln government 
yawning beyond at the election to occur just then. 

October 20th Early's infantry marched for New Market 
at 3 a. m. His cavalry held Fisher's hill until after 10 
a. m. After this battle, all of Early's army was sent away, 



234 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

except Wharton's division and cavalry and artillery. He 
established himself at Staunton. 

Lexington, Mo., October 20th. Resisting Price till 
night, the Federals fell back to the Little Blue River. 

Little Blue, Mo., October 21st. Price engaged the Fed- 
erals, and they fell back, the stream being fordable above 
and below. 

S. P. Lee, Virginia, was ordered to the command of the 
Mississippi Squadron October 21st. A. M. Pennock, Vir- 
ginia, was in command of the Mississippi Squadron for a 
short time before Lee took command. 

Action of Big Blue River, October 22d. Just as the 
Federals were being driven from the line of the Big Blue 
by Price, A. Pleasanton's cavalry came up, and attacked 
Price's rear east of Independence, routing it. Pleasanton 
sent forward a message giving notice of his arrival. That 
night Price's army encamped on the west side of the Big 
Blue, just south of Westport. 

Near Westport, October 23d, there was fighting over an 
area of five or six square miles nearly all day. By sun- 
down Price was retiring. He entered Linn county, Kan- 
sas, at once. Pleasanton was in command of cavalry pur- 
suing Price toward Fort Scott, Kan. 

Battle of Little Osage or Marais des Cygnes, near 
Mound City and Mine Creek, Kan., October 25th. Price 
placed his artillery, supported, on a high mound in the 
prairie. Pleasanton charged with dash, broke the Confed- 
erate line, routed the force on the field, and captured eight 
guns, Generals Marmaduke and Cabell and about a thou- 
sand men. Retreating, Price was closely pursued by the 
Federal cavalry, his rear-guard being almost constantly un- 
der fire. 

Decatur, Ala., October 26th. Hood moved from Gads- 
den and attacked Decatur. He skirmished there October 
27th. 

In accordance with the plan adopted by S. P. Lee, the 
Albemarle was blown up the night of October 27th. She 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 235 

sank in eight feet of water. Her upper works were above 
water. The torpedo launch was the plan of W. W. W. 
Wood, North Carolina. The torpedo used had been intro- 
duced by him. It contained a grape shot. 

Battle of Boydton Plank Road or Hatcher's Run, Va., 
October 27th. The whole Federal army except the men 
necessary to hold the line was moved by Lee's right flank. 
The passage of Hatcher's Run was forced. The Federals 
reached the Boydton plank road where it crosses Hatch- 
er's Run — six miles from the Southside Railroad. They 
were reaching for it. Finding Lee's fortifications extend- 
ing on, they attempted to withdraw. There was a gap 
left between the 2d and 5th corps. Lee made a powerful 
attack on the right and rear of the 2d corps, which was 
faced to meet it. The conflict was deadly. The Federals 
withdrew that night to their old position. 

Combat of Darbytown Road and Fair Oaks, Va., Oc- 
tober 27th. In support of this Hatcher's Run movement, 
the Federals made a demonstration north of the James, 
attacking the Confederates unsuccessfully on the Williams- 
burg road, and carrying a work on the York River Rail- 
road, which was afterward abandoned. 

Combat of Morristown, Tenn., October 28th. Alvan Co 
Gillem, Tennessee, defeated the Confederates, taking 500 
prisoners and 13 guns. 

At Newtonia, in southwest Missouri, October 28th, 
Price made another stand, and was driven from the field 
with heavy loss. This was the second combat in severity 
of his campaign. 

Hood continued the investment of Decatur October 28th 
and withdrew at 4 a. m. 29th. 

The occupation of the Tennessee River by S. P. Lee's 
vessels prevented Forrest from crossing and moving east 
to join Hood, and Hood was thus prevented from cross- 
ing the Tennessee River at Guntersville in eastern Ala- 
bama, and moving on Stevenson and Bridgeport, and on 
Nashville earlier than he did. Hood went to Florence in- 



236 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

stead, crossing one division October 30th. John T. Crox- 
ton, Kentucky, was watching on the north bank of the 
Tennessee River with other cavalry. He detected Hood's 
crossing and reported it to Thomas. Croxton led his bri- 
gade of only 1,000 against the Confederates, and then 
posted it for observation. He helped drive Confederate 
cavalry back upon the infantry at Florence. Thomas or- 
dered reinforcements to Croxton and made combinations 
against Hood. Thomas' advance infantry was at Pulaski 
when Hood started from the Tennessee River. He directed 
the concentration of both his corps on Pulaski, with intent 
to impede rather than seriously contest Hood's advance 
on Nashville. 

At Johnsonville, Tenn., on the Tennessee River west of 
Nashville, Forrest caused the destruction of three gunboats 
and eight transports, October 30th to November 4th. He 
then moved south on the river to Clifton. Through an in- 
tercepted dispatch from President Davis to Kirby Smith, 
Canby prevented him and Magruder with Confederates west 
of the Mississippi River from crossing and reenforcing 
Hood in the fall of 1864. 

A. L. Chetlain, Missouri, was in command of the post 
and forces of Memphis, Tenn., from October, 1864. He 
recruited and organized colored troops of Kentucky and 
Tennessee, raising a force of 17,000 colored troops. 

John Newton, Virginia, was in command of the District 
of Key West and Tortugas, Fla., from October, 1864, to 
the end of the War. 

J. J. Reynolds, Kentucky, was temporarily in command 
of the Military Division of West Mississippi in Novem- 
ber, 1864. 

Price crossed the Arkansas River above Fort Smith with 
a few pieces of artillery. His army was much reduced. 

Thos. C. Fletcher, Missouri, was elected governor of 
Missouri in November. 

November 3d Thomas ordered the 23d corps from 
around Chattanooga by rail to Nashville. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 237 

Nashville Campaign. November 4th Croxton was driven 
across Shoal Creek by Hood's advance, he having driven 
Croxton back from the Tennessee River and laid a pontoon 
bridge across it. 

The advance of the 23d corps reached Nashville Novem- 
ber 5th. 

In November, 1864, Bragg was placed in command of 
the Department of North Carolina. 

Emory was in permanent command of the 19th corps 
from November 7th to the end of the War. 

November 12th telegraphic communication between 
Thomas and the army in Georgia was severed. Thomas 
sent the 23d corps by rail from Nashville south to the 
vicinity of Pulaski, arriving there November 13th. The 
4th corps was already in Hood's way. The two corps 
were united, and, under Thomas' orders, faced Hood near 
Pulaski. 

Action at Bull's Gap, near Morristown, Tenn., Novem- 
ber 13th. Gillein, Tennessee, repulsed two attacks, and 
was then defeated by Breckenridge, who took his artillery 
trains and baggage. Thomas directed a force against 
Breckenridge to drive him into Virginia, and try to de- 
stroy the salt works at Saltville, and the railroad as far 
into Virginia as practicable. The force was made up of 
infantry and dismounted cavalry under Jacob Ammen, 
Virginia ; Gillem's Tennessee force, and mounted troops 
under S. G. Burbridge, Kentucky — 4,200 men in all. A 
detachment was sent into North Carolina to hold the 
mountain passes. 

Forrest came up at Florence November 14th. 

March to the Sea. The combined army set forth No- 
vember 15th. 

Wheeler's cavalry came up November 16th. 

H. G. Gibson, Maryland, was engaged in opening com- 
munication from Knoxville with troops engaged at Straw- 
berry Plains November 18th-20th. 

Hood advanced from the Tennessee River toward Nash- 



238 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

ville November 19th. November 20th Thomas directed 
that his army near Pulaski prepare to fall back to Colum- 
bia. November 22d, under his orders, it started back. 
Croxton, November 23d, helped cover the retirement from 
Pulaski to Columbia, having a severe fight at the junction 
of the roads to Pulaski and Campbellsville, maintaining his 
position. Thomas made dispositions for the defense of 
the line of the Duck River. He was trying to delay Hood 
till he could receive reinforcements at Nashville. The 
Federals gained Columbia only by a night march. A di- 
vision of cavalry was formed under R. W. Johnson, Ken- 
tucky. 

John W. Davidson, Virginia, was in command of a 
cavalry expedition from Baton Rouge, La., to Pascagoula, 
November 24th. He moved from Baton Rouge to Tan- 
gipahoa, where he broke up the railroad, destroying 
bridges, etc., pushing on to Franklinton and West Pas- 
cagoula, taking some prisoners and causing alarm for the 
safety of Mobile. 

Columbia, Tenn., November 26th and 27th. The army, 
under Thomas' orders, faced Hood at Columbia. He 
pressed the Federal lines. The Federals crossed the Duck 
River the night of the 27th. 

Land and Water Expedition up Broad River, November 
28th, against the railroad connecting Charleston and Sa- 
vannah, in support of the army marching to the sea. 
Balch, Tennessee, commanded the Pawnee. E. O. Mat- 
thews, Maryland, commanded the naval artillery. Com- 
munication was opened with the army. 

November 28th, reports indicating Hood's intent of 
crossing Duck River and movement to north of Colum- 
bia having been received, Thomas directed, when confirmed, 
the army should withdraw to Franklin. Forrest crossed 
Duck River the evening of November 28th, and Hood fol- 
lowed next day. 

J. J. Reynolds. Kentucky, was in command of the De- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 239 

partment of Arkansas, November 29th to the end of the 
War. 

S. P. Lee, Virginia, kept open communication by the 
Cumberland River when the safety of Thomas, during 
Hood's advance, depended largely on his prompt receipt 
of reinforcements and supplies. 

Combat of Spring Hill, Tenn., November 29th. At 1 
o'clock the Federal cavalry reported to the army at Duck 
River that Hood's infantry, it was believed, would begin 
crossing Duck River at daylight, and advised retirement to 
Franklin. At 3 :30 Thomas, at Nashville, sent such orders. 
Before sunrise Confederate Cheatham's corps was crossing, 
five miles east of Columbia. Wood's division was crossed to 
the north side to support the cavalry in holding the fords 
above. Two divisions were sent toward Spring Hill, while 
the trains and spare artillery were sent back, covered by 
them. Hood was crossing Duck River during the early 
hours. One of Wood's brigades, sent east for observation, 
reported the crossing of Duck River by the Confederates. 
The division which Newton had commanded till shortly be- 
fore this went on to Spring Hill. One brigade was de- 
ployed and drove back the Confederate cavalry. Another 
was posted on a wooded knoll nearly a mile to the east. A 
heavy infantry force attacked this brigade. Hood had 
now passed the army's left flank, and the division con- 
fronted was twelve miles from the main army. The Con- 
federates were in force. Confederate cavalry struck a 
train at Thompson's Station — three miles north. The 
third attack upon the brigade to the east succeeded. Its 
right flank was overlapped. It rallied and reformed at 
Spring Hill. The Confederates came on and were can- 
nonaded. Although Confederate cavalry were on the 
main road to Franklin, both north and south of Spring 
Hill, and infantry were in force menacing a long stretch 
of the road, Hood's infantry failed to occupy the road, 
and the Federal army passed by, retiring north. Confed- 



240 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

erates feinted during the day at efforts to lay a pontoon 
bridge and force a crossing at Columbia. The nearest aid 
to the Federal division at Spring Hill was seven miles 
south — at Rutherford Creek. All the other Federal 
troops were still at Duck River. Whittaker's brigade and 
other troops arrived about 7 p. m. Whittaker was placed 
to cover a cross-road a mile or two below Spring Hill. 
He assisted in holding the turnpike against Hood's 
advance. The 28th Kentucky regiment of Whittaker's 
brigade did special service in helping to keep Hood's ad- 
vance from the turnpike. At 11 p. m. Thomas tele- 
graphed to Franklin for the withdrawal of the army at 
once should the Confederates attempt to get on the flank 
with infantry. 

The army all night long was marching past Spring Hill 
and Hood's army on a parallel road near by. Croxton, 
Kentucky, with cavalry, covered the retirement with skill 
on the 30th. Forrest's cavalry surrounded and made fre- 
quent dashes upon the rear infantry brigade unsuccess- 
fully. Wood's division protected the train at Thompson's 
Station in an extremity from a cavalry attack. It had 
been deployed on the east of the road at 3 a. m. Whit- 
taker had been posted where the Confederate line was near- 
est to cover the passing of troops still in the rear. 

Battle of Franklin, Tenn., November 30th. By noon 
the army, except the rear- guard, had reached Franklin. 
Croxton's cavalry were pushed back by infantry on the 
Lewisburg pike. He resisted until 2 p. m., then moved 
to his left and crossed the Harpeth River to resist For- 
rest, who was striking for the rear of the army. At 4 p. m. 
Hood's grand attack was made. Two brigades remained 
between Hood and the Federal main line, about half a 
mile from the latter. Before this great force they were 
routed, and the Confederates rushing after them entered 
the broken lines in the Federal center. Two captured bat- 
teries were used to enfilade the Federal line, and the Con- 
federates began to gain ground right and left. A brigade 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 241 

and the 12th and 16th Kentucky regiments, who had 
sprung forward, by the fiercest hand-to-hand fighting re- 
gained the works, an achievement of special note. Some 
other troops turned and helped. The attack here of the 
Confederates was finally repulsed. The command of the 
4th corps devolved on Thos. J. Wood, Kentucky. He 
was the ranking officer south of the river at the time, and 
commanded with decided ability. Eight guns were re- 
captured. Stewart reached the works near the Federal 
left. Simultaneously with Hood's infantry assault, his 
cavalry advanced. Forrest, north of the river, was held in 
check. Croxton helped oppose Chalmers' cavalry, while 
T. J. Harrison, Kentucky, looked to the left and rear. 
Chalmers was forced back across the river. Hood at- 
tacked the right of the Federal line again and again un- 
successfully. The 44th Missouri regiment, to the right of 
the first break, had the greatest loss. Whittaker was on 
the right, and was engaged. Hood made attack after at- 
tack till after night. Forrest was held in check during the 
day and night. Hood's assault had mostly failed, but the 
Federal army fell back during the night toward Nashville. 
Thos. J. Henderson, Tennessee, fought bravely and well. 
Jas. I. Gilbert, Kentucky, showed bravery. 

S. P. Lee, Virginia, was asked by Thomas November 
30th to patrol the Cumberland River. He had vessels 
move up the Cumberland to Thomas' support. The flag- 
ship was stopped at Clarksville by low water. He kept 
open army communications. He also vigilantly guarded 
the lower Mississippi against the intervention of trans- 
Mississippi forces. 

Combat of Honey Hill or Grahamsville, S. C, November 
30th. The Confederates checked and worsted the Feder- 
als, who retired during the night toward the gunboats. 
The Federals had been sent from the sea-coast to obtain a 
foothold for the army marching to the sea, and to cut 
off Confederate reinforcements from Savannah. E. O. 
Matthews, Maryland, commanded naval light artillery at 



242 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Honey Hill. A. F. Crosman, Missouri, naval officer, was 
engaged. G. W. Smith's Confederate command reached 
Savannah at 2 a. m. the 30th. 

December 1st, Wood acted as rear-guard. The army 
reached the Nashville works that day. Jos. A. Cooper's 
brigade came in after a narrow escape. Troops from Mis- 
souri, except two or more regiments engaged at Franklin, 
were just arriving. Thomas did not have an army at 
Nashville until December 1st. He had been concentrating 
other troops upon Nashville. The men were from many 
commands and not coordinated. Wood was in command 
of the 4th corps in the later operations around Nashville. 
Hood appeared before Nashville the 2d and took position. 

Combat of Murfreesboro, Tenn., December 5th. L. H. 
Rousseau, Kentucky, repelled Forrest's cavalry and Bate's 
division of infantry. The Confederates lost sensibly. 

Combat of Deveaux's Neck, S. C, December 6th to 
9th. Crosman was engaged. 

December 9th the Federal army was close against the Sa- 
vannah fortifications. 

Under full instructions from Thomas, the force directed 
against Breckenridge advanced December 9th, and pushed 
him back into Virginia. H. G. Gibson, Maryland, was 
engaged under Ammen covering the movement into south- 
west Virginia. 

Gillem, Tennessee, was engaged in an action near Wythe- 
ville December 10th. About 4,000 cavalry entered south- 
west Virginia through east Tennessee. The Federals oc- 
cupied Bristol and Abingdon, Va., and advanced upon 
Wytheville, where lead mines were. 

Fort McAllister, near Savannah, Ga., was captured by 
the Federals December 13th. They then occupied Hutch- 
inson's Island, crossed the Savannah River below Savan- 
nah, and established works on the South Carolina shore, al- 
most within range of the Confederate line of retreat. 

At Kingston December 13th Gillem badly defeated a 
Confederate force. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 243 

Battle of Nashville, Term., December 15th and 16th, 
1864. Thomas' battle plan was for a force on the ex- 
treme left to threaten the Confederate right early that 
morning, and for the entire right wing to make a grand 
left wheel, assaulting, and, if possible, overlapping Hood's 
left. Wood, Kentucky, with the 4th corps, was to form 
the pivot and threaten, if not attack, Montgomery Hill, a 
prominence in advance of the Confederate main line. The 
23d corps was to be in reserve near the left center. Jas. 
L. Donaldson, Maryland, had organized quartermaster and 
commissary forces as soldiers, and commanded a division 
embracing them. The army moved before daylight. The 
force on the left kept Cheatham on the Confederate right 
employed. S. D. Lee was held in position by Wood's 
menace, except two brigades sent to the Confederate left. 
Thomas' cavalry worked around Hood's left, the infantry 
right wing joining its left. The Confederate skirmishers 
fell back before the advance of the right wing and Wood. 
Thomas approved Wood's plan of attack. About 1 p. m. 
the 4th corps, under Wood, assaulted Montgomery Hill. 
It carried the work, taking some prisoners. The position 
was strong and was important to Hood's line. The ascent 
in front was abrupt. Wood's troops attacked principally 
by the left, and gained the top. Wood handled his men 
in handsome style. The whole line swept forward there, 
and many prisoners were taken. A work on Hood's ex- 
treme left was taken, and the Confederate line in that quar- 
ter gave way. Thomas' reserves were sent to prolong the 
infantry right and enable the cavalry to work around the 
Confederate rear. The brigade of Jos. A. Cooper, Ken- 
tucky, then lost more than the losses of the rest of the 
23d corps during the two-days' battle when, on the right, 
he made a charge and met a force intended for a counter- 
blow. Thomas' cavalry, making a wide detour, beyond 
Hood's left, dismounted and advanced upon his flank and 
full in the rear, capturing works and guns. At this, ac- 
cording to plan, Thomas' infantry lines assaulted. Hood's 



244 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

left was driven, losing 17 guns ■ — his center still held. It 
was shelling. Wood, ordered to assault, battled with his 
whole corps. His guns converged their fire on a fortified 
hill near Hood's center. Then one of his divisions 
charged, carried the intrenchments and took the hill, cap- 
turing guns and prisoners. On the left also Thomas 
gained ground. Hood's whole center and left were forced 
to abandon their works. They fell back to the Granny 
White pike. Hood's left was forced back several miles to 
a new position at the foot of the Harpeth Hills. The re- 
treating line was followed by Wood's entire corps, by the 
right wing and by the cavalry. Croxton, Kentucky, cov- 
ered and relieved the Federal right and rear. The at- 
tack upon Hood's right had led him to draw troops from 
his center and left. Night soon fell. Bate had come from 
Hood's right when the redoubts were assaulted at Hood's 
left, and at dusk Cheatham's corps was moved from Hood's 
right to his left, and a line was taken for the army some 
two miles in rear of the morning position. It was a 
stronger position. Thomas took 17 guns and 1,200 men 
during the day. During the night Hood worked to estab- 
lish his new lines. 

Thomas and S. P. Lee, Virginia, were actively co- 
operating, and the river was so effectively patrolled above 
and below the city, under Lee's directions, by gunboats that 
crossing was impossible. R. W. Johnson's cavalry, with 
the cooperation of Lee's gunboats, drove Confederates 
from their established batteries on the Cumberland River 
below Nashville. Johnson's valor was exhibited. 

Nashville, December 16th. The day opened with an 
advance by Wood as he moved forward at early dawn, 
driving skirmishers, until he confronted Hood's new line of 
defenses on Overton's hill. At one point his corps came 
near the salient at Overton's hill. The other corps took 
position on his left and right. At noon, attack was fully 
developed upon this and adjacent elevations. Hood's left 
was turned again, Thomas' cavalry passing beyond it, gain- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 245 

ing the rear and securing a lodgment on the Granny White 
pike. Wood permitted a brigade with supports to charge 
Overton's hill. They failed with much loss. Hood had 
sent a division from his left to withstand attacks here. 
The cavalry, having reached Hood's rear, were moving 
north to the rear of his left flank. They reached it, got 
two guns in position, shelled Bate, and charged against 
him just as Thomas' infantry in front were climbing the 
hill. The picture is that of the dismounted cavalry com- 
ing up in the rear of Hood's left flank, while the infantry 
charges from its front and west side, and the position is 
carried, with 27 pieces of artillery. After the cavalry 
had gained Hood's left and rear, they captured a dispatch 
from him ordering Chalmers to drive them thence or all 
was lost. Between 3 :30 and 4 p. m., when cavalry and 
artillery were at work on the rear of Hood's left flank, 
Thomas ordered the infantry advance. The men ran 
from the cavalry down the hill to the right and rear. 
There was a general charge. After the works had been 
taken to Wood's right, he and the left wing renewed the 
assault on Overton's hill and swept all before them. The 
Confederates broke all along and fled in disorder. Eight 
more guns were captured. Wm. R. Marshall, Missouri, 
led his brigade in a charge on the Confederate works, and, 
on horseback, was among the first over the breastworks and 
among the gunners, capturing the Pointe Coupee battery 
of four brass pieces on the Hillsboro pike, and pursuing 
the Confederates a half mile. Croxton, in reserve when 
the Confederates broke, was ordered to mount and push 
without delay through Brentwood. He encountered 
Hood's cavalry, which delayed the Federals until infantry 
passed and a rear-guard was in place. Hood partly re- 
formed at Brentwood. Johnson was ordered to move rap- 
idly by the Hillsboro pike, and, after crossing the Harpeth 
River, to turn up its south bank and fall upon the Con- 
federates at or near Franklin. At Nashville, a Kentucky 
and a Tennessee regiment each captured four guns. 



246 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

In the Nashville battles, Kenner Garrard, Kentucky, 
commanding a division, was conspicuous and efficient. 
Among those engaged were Whittaker, Jas. I. Gilbert, T. 
J. Harrison, and Durbin Ward, all of Kentucky. 

This was the decisive battle of the War. Estimated by 
it Thomas shows well among the world's captains. Col- 
lecting and organizing a sufficient cavalry in advance of 
the battle, and tasking every usable force in a way to gain 
the greatest combined weight were heavy labors. This 
victory put the Federal administration at ease in regard 
to the place — around Savannah, Ga., — where the great 
army was at this juncture. 

Action at Marion, Va., December 16th. Gillem, Tennes- 
see, routed Vaughn and pursued to Wytheville, destroying 
the lead mines there. 

Thomas began pursuit of Hood December 17th. Wood 
was the leading infantry in the pursuit, using his artillery. 
In Hood's retreat from Tennessee, Wood handled his 
troops with ability. Late in the evening, Hood's rear- 
guard made a stand a mile north of the West Harpeth 
River, and was driven. Johnson's division struck the Con- 
federates at Franklin, and they left 1,800 wounded and 
200 Federal wounded to fall into Thomas' hands. Thomas 
requested S. P. Lee to send gunboats up the Tennessee 
River to head off Hood. The operations of the squadron on 
the Tennessee prevented Hood on his retreat from crossing 
up to the head of navigation. December 18th Thomas 
ordered troops to Decatur to push Hood from that direc- 
tion, threatening his communications from west of Flor- 
ence. 

Thomas organized various raiding expeditions, and sent 
troops to other departments, December, 1864, to May, 
1865, which materially contributed to the final overthrow 
of the Confederates. 

Action of Marion, Va., December 18th. Breckenridge 
held his position with about one thousand men during the 
day. During the day the Federals detached a force which 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 247 

destroyed the salt works at Saltville. A Tennessee regi- 
ment did the work. The Federals then withdrew. Much 
war material was captured and much property destroyed 
by Thomas' expedition into Virginia. 

In the pursuit of Hood, R. W. Johnson and Croxton 
tried to reach around the Confederate rear-guard and 
strike a column at Spring Hill, but were stopped by Ruth- 
erford Creek being up. All the Federal cavalry were 
delayed at Rutherford Creek and then at Duck River by 
a flood. 

Rousseau, with 8,000 men, defended Fort Rosecrans 
during the Nashville campaign. 

Savannah was evacuated by the Confederates December 
20th. Hoke's division left Lee for Wilmington, N. C, 
December 20th. The Federal squadron arrived in sight 
of Fort Fisher, protecting Wilmington, December 20th. 

December 21st Farragut, Tennessee, was made Vice-Ad- 
miral. 

The Federals entered Savannah December 21st. In the 
March to the Sea Blair, Kentucky, commanded the 17th 
corps. W. T. Ward, Virginia, commanded a division. 
After the capture of Savannah, 6,000 men were sent from 
Lee to Hardee. Jas. A. Williamson, Kentucky, was in 
command of the district of Missouri, at St. Louis, after 
the occupation of Savannah. 

Powder on the old gunboat Louisiana was exploded near 
Fort Fisher the night of December 23d, intended to dam- 
age the Fort. 

At Buford's Station, while Hood's rear-guard and For- 
rest were confronted and engaged on the turnpike, Crox- 
ton, Kentucky, struck the flank, causing it to retreat 
rapidly, and capturing a number of prisoners. The pur- 
suit of Hood was resumed south of Duck River the 24th. 
The gunboats under Lee had reached Chickasaw, Miss., 
December 24th, and soon after captured two guns from a 
battery at Florence. 



CHAPTER IX 

Fort Fisher — Dabney's Mills — Bull's Bay Expedi- 
tion AVERYSBORO BeNTONVILLE FORT StEDMAN 

Five Forks — Petersburg — Selma — Sailor's Creek — 
Farmville — Mobile — Appomattox — Capitulations op 
the Confederate Armies and Fleets. 

Battle of Fort Fisher, December 24th and 25th, 1864. 
The navy had convoyed troops to Fort Fisher. The ves- 
sels were more than seventy in number. They bombarded 
on the 24th. The bombardment was continued on the 
25th, and a brigade was pushed forward to within a few 
hundred yards of the Fort. Smaller vessels covered the 
disembarkment of the troops. Some important guns on 
the Fort were destroyed. At Fort Fisher Wm. Radford, 
Virginia, commanded the New Ironsides and the iron-clad 
division of the squadron. He led the way. A. W. Wea- 
ver, District of Columbia, commanded the Chippewa; 
Bache, Powhatan; J. M. Frailey, Maryland, Tuscarora; 
F. M. Ramsay, District of Columbia, Unadilla; D. B. 
Ridgely, Kentucky, Shenandoah; Jas. H. Spotts, North 
Carolina, Pawtucket; B. F. Sands, Maryland, Fort Jack- 
son; Chas. Steedman, South Carolina, Ticonderoga, and 
John H. Upshur, Virginia, A. D. Vance. The Iosco under 
John Guest, Missouri, was effective. A. R. McNair, 
Louisiana, was engaged. 

December 25th Forrest drove back T. J. Harrison's 
skirmishers and captured a gun. Croxton and others fell 
upon his flank and drove him from the field. 

Stono River, December 25th. G. B. Balch, Tennessee, 
in the Paxenee, was victorious. 

Hood reached the Tennessee River December 25th. 

248 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 249 

After he crossed the Federal cavalry started from Decatur, 
Ala., and overtook him, destroying his pontoon train and 
all of his wagons, and capturing several hundred pris- 
oners. 

French was in garrison at Fort McHenry, December 
27th, 1864, to January 5th, 1865. 

The force from Thomas' anny reached Decatur De- 
cember 28th. Thomas' pursuit was suspended at Lexing- 
ton, Ala., the same day. 

Canby, Kentucky, prevented the armies west of the Mis- 
sissippi River from crossing, as ordered, to aid Johnston, 
and then Hood in the Nashville campaign. He did this by 
holding the best crossings with strong detachments, and 
keeping a floating army, in conjunction with the gunboat 
fleet, in constant motion up and down the Mississippi. 

Canby sent Davidson, Virginia, in an expedition to Jack- 
son, Miss., in December. 

E. O. Matthews, Maryland, naval officer, was in engage- 
ments at Tulifinny Cross Roads in December. 

In the Federal armies before Petersburg and Richmond 
up to December 31st Ord commanded a corps and Getty, 
Thos. M. Harris, Virginia, and Wm. Birney commanded 
divisions. Others participating in the operations were A. 
W. Denison, Maryland ; H. A. Morrow, Virginia ; Henry ; 
Hawley ; Milton Wells, Virginia, commanding a West Vir- 
ginia brigade ; W. B. Curtis, Maryland, and Andrew W. 
Evans, Maryland. Tompkins and Tidball commanded re- 
spectively the artillery brigades of the 6th and 9th corps. 

Thomas' 23d corps, starting January 2d, went to Wash- 
ington. Later, it was sent against Wilmington, N. C. 

Montgomery C. Meigs, Georgia, was at Savannah, Jan- 
uary 5th to 29th, supplying and refitting the army there. 
It started north from Savannah January 6th, 1865. 

January 6th, 1865, vessels sailed from Fortress Monroe, 
Va., for Fort Fisher, with 9,000 troops. They arrived off 
Beaufort January 8th. 

Ord, Maryland, was in command of the Army of the 



250 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

James and Department of Virginia and North Carolina, 
January 8th, 1865, to February 6th, and of the Army of 
the James and Department of Virginia thenceforward to 
the end of the War, being engaged in the various opera- 
tions around Petersburg, occupation of Richmond, and 
pursuit of Lee to Appomattox. He also commanded the 
524th corps in the closing engagements. 

Hood's army went into camp at Tupelo January 10th, 
1865. 

Battle of Fort Fisher, January 13th to 15th, 1865. 
Attacking Fort Fisher was the most formidable armada 
ever assembled, about 70 vessels, and about 9,000 soldiers. 
The iron-clads under Radford, Virginia, were sent in to 
engage the Fort January 13th. They took the Fort's 
fire and fired back. The rest of the fleet was occupied that 
day till 2 p. m. landing troops and stores. Upshur, Vir- 
ginia, of the gunboat A. D. Vance, was charged with the 
duty of landing troops and stores, provisioning the army 
and protecting its flank with the lighter gunboats. In 
the afternoon the fleet opened a terrific fire. Iron-clads 
kept up a slow fire through the night. 

Fort Fisher, January 14th. The bombardment con- 
tinued through the day and night, badly damaging the guns 
of the Fort. The army was approaching on the river 
side, partly covered by the formation of the land. 

Fort Fisher, Grand Bombardment and Assault, January 
15th. The assault by sailors, on the northeast face, failed. 
Wm. Radford, Virginia, commanded the iron-clad division 
and the Nezv Ironsides. She used her 11 -inch guns with 
great effect in firing into the traverses filled with Confed- 
erates who were resisting the advance of the Federal sol- 
diers after the sailors' assault had failed. This confused 
the Confederates. The traverses were cleaned out. Rad- 
ford showed high ability in fighting, maneuvering his vessel 
and taking care of his division. His vessel did more exe- 
cution than any other. The bombardment was unprece- 
dented. Before noon but one heavy gun remained 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 251 

serviceable in Fort Fisher on the land face. Sailors and 
marines approached on the ocean side while the army 
worked nearer on the land side. The marine attack was 
repulsed. G. M. Bache, Powhatan, commanded the right 
wing in the sailors' assault on the sea-face of the works. 
He was severely wounded. The army got within the Fort 
from the land side, and the fighting continued until after 
night fell, when the garrison was withdrawn to Fort 
Buchanan. The fleet had well aided the land forces, who 
had gained a lodgment in the work. The Confederate 
vessels had spiked the guns, and taken the means of trans- 
port, and Lamb's soldiers, over 2,000, had to surrender, 
with 169 guns. Wilmington was the only open blockade- 
running port in the hands of the Confederates toward the 
close of the War. 

At Fort Fisher Weaver, District of Columbia, com- 
manded the iron-clad Mahopac; D. B. Ridgely, Kentucky, 
commanded Shenandoah; Steedman, Ticonderoga; J. M. 
Frailey, Maryland, Tuscarora; Upshur, Virginia, A. D. 
Vance and reserve division ; F. M. Ramsay, District of 
Columbia, Unadilla; John Guest, Missouri, Iosco; J. H. 
Spotts, North Carolina, Pawtucket; B. F. Sands, Mary- 
land, Fort Jackson. A. R. McNair, Louisiana, was en- 
gaged. 

Pocotaligo Bridge, S. C, was taken by the Federals 
January 15th. Blair's corps was taken by water from 
Savannah to Pocotaligo, whence he menaced Charleston. 

The night of January 16th— 17th the Confederates blew 
up Fort Caswell, on the right bank of the Cape Fear River, 
near Wilmington. 

Operations against Mobile. Canby, Kentucky, was or- 
dered January 18th to move against Mobile. The 16th 
corps was detached from Thomas' headquarters. The bad 
condition of the roads had stopped his pursuit of Hood 
at Eastport, Ala., in January. 

The defenses on the west being strong, Canby deter- 
mined to approach Mobile on the east, where he would 



252 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

have the full benefit of the cooperation of the navy. The 
principal works were Spanish Fort, commanding the mouth, 
and Blakely, commanding the head of the Appalachee. 
The movement was in two columns — one from Dauphin 
Island under Canby in person, and the other from Pensa- 
cola. There were about 32,000 men with Canby, and 
about 13,000 in the other column. Wm. P. Benton, Mary- 
land, commanded a division in the campaign. 

In the Nashville campaign, from September 7th, 1864, 
to January 20th, 1865, Thomas captured 11,857 men, 
and 1,332 were exchanged, and took 72 guns and 3,079 
small arms. He received the oath of submission of 2,207 
deserters. 

Seven brigades of Hood's army and some artillery were 
sent to Mobile. 5,000 of the soldiers joined Johnston 
in North Carolina. About 9,000 are said to have left the 
ranks between Tupelo and North Carolina. Forrest's cav- 
alry went to Mississippi. 

January 22d the Confederates sent a party down the 
James River to examine the river obstructions. January 
23d the Confederate fleet proceeded down the river to 
Trent's Reach. The Fredericksburg passed the obstruc- 
tions, but the Virginia and Richmond ran aground. They 
were discovered at daybreak, and the Federal Battery, Fort 
Parsons, opened on them. The Onandaga, which on the 
approach of the Confederate vessels had retired down 
the river, now returned and joined in the attack. With 
the flood-tide the Virginia and Richmond were floated off, 
and withdrew up the river. Confederate gunboat Drewry, 
and a torpedo launch, were destroyed. The armor of the 
Virginia was penetrated. That night the Confederate 
fleet came down again, but retired after hot firing from the 
batteries on the banks. They started down at 6 p. m. 
The Fredericksburg passed obstructions at 1 :15 a. m. 
She returned and anchored above the Virginia. The land 
batteries began firing before day. On the second trip the 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 253 

exhaust pipe of the Virginia and smoke-stack were found 
so riddled as to fill the gundeck with smoke and steam, 
which was the cause of the Confederates returning. The 
pilots of the Virginia were blamed. 

H. G. Gibson was in command of Knoxville and a bri- 
gade from January 28th, 1865, to the end of the War. 

January 28th, 1865, the vessel of Wm. Radford, Vir- 
ginia, did more execution than any other vessel in the fleet. 

Pope was in command of the Military Division of the 
Missouri from January 30th, 1865, to the end. 

The Federal army started on the march through the 
Carolinas February 1st. 

From February, 1865, to the close, Benj. F. Sands, 
Maryland, commanded the division blockading the Texas 
coast. 

Lee was made commander-in-chief of the Confederate 
forces February 2d, 1865. 

Battle of Dabney's Mills, Hatcher's Run, Va., February 
5th to 7th, 1865. The Federals had some severe fighting 
with the troops of A. P. Hill and Gordon, extending in- 
trenchments. Henry A. Morrow, Virginia, was gallant 
and of service. He was severely wounded while bearing 
colors of a regiment in rallying troops. By February 7th 
the Federal lines were extended to Hatcher's Run. 

The 16th corps was started from Eastport February 
6th against Mobile. 

The designation of the Department of Virginia and 
North Carolina was changed to the Department of Vir- 
ginia February 8th. 

The 23d corps arrived at Fort Fisher February 9th. 

February 9th, Balch, Tennessee, with the Pawnee, So- 
noma and Daffodil, ascended Tagodo Creek, North Edisto, 
S. C, and engaged three batteries of 11 or 12 guns, driving 
Confederates from their earthworks. The Pawnee was hit 
ten times, Sonoma twice and Daffodil twice. T. S. Fillc- 
broun, District of Columbia, commanded the Sonoma. 



254 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

James Island, S. C, February 10th. From 2,000 to 
3,000 of the Federal right column effected a landing on 
James Island, two miles from Charleston. 

February 10th Palmer, Kentucky, was given command 
of the Military Department of Kentucky, relieving S. G. 
Burbridge, Kentucky. 

Bull's Bay Expedition, February 11th. Fabius Stanly, 
North Carolina, commanded the naval forces, mounting 68 
guns and 13 field-pieces. Its success was followed by the 
fall of Charleston. Balch, Ridgely, Fillebroun, A. A. 
Semmes, District of Columbia, and A. W. Johnson, District 
of Columbia, were in it. 

Rousseau, Kentucky, was given command of the District 
of Middle Tennessee, headquarters Nashville, February 
12th. 

Lee assumed supreme command of the Confederate 
forces February 17th. 

Columbia, S. C, was captured and destroyed the night 
of February 17th. 

Charleston, S. C, was evacuated February 17th. Gus- 
tavus H. Scott, Virginia, took part, with the Canandalgua, 
in the reduction of Charleston. He was senior officer at 
its surrender. Weaver was on advanced picket at Charles- 
ton when it was entered the 18th. A. A. Semmes was en- 
gaged in the fall of Charleston. Jos. M. Bradford, 
Tennessee, was concerned. Win. K. Mayo, Virginia, was 
present. 

Fort Anderson, Cape Fear River, N. C, was attacked 
by water February 18th. It was abandoned the 19th. 
It was half way between Fort Fisher and Wilmington. Ed- 
ward E. Stone, Georgia, commanded the Monitor Montauk, 
foremost vessel at the capture. He was slightly wounded. 
The Montauk bore the fire some hours. The squadron 
captured Forts Strong and Lee near Wilmington. F. M. 
Ramsay, Unadttla, and Spotts, Pawtucket, were in several 
engagements with Fort Anderson and other forts on Cape 
Fear River. Wm. C. Wise, Virginia, commanded the flag- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 255 

ship Malvern in attacks on Forts Strong and Anderson, 
and various operations on the Cape Fear River. 

The Confederates abandoned Wilmington, N. C, Feb- 
ruary 22d. The 23d corps and other forces occupied it 
the same day. Some of the corps were sent to New Bern, 
and moved thence via Kinston to Goldsboro to open the 
railway. The main forces moved directly on Goldsboro. 
Communication with the army marching up from Savan- 
nah was instituted via river from Wilmington to Fayette- 
ville about the 23d. 

February 23d Thomas arrived at Eastport with instruc- 
tions to fit out an expedition of 5,000 or 6,000 cavalry 
to demonstrate upon Tuscaloosa and Selma in favor of 
Canby's operations against Mobile and central Alabama. 

February 25th Johnston succeeded Beauregard in com- 
mand of the forces in North Carolina. 

February 27th Thomas was actuated to have cavalry 
again raid into Virginia, and destroy the railroad as far 
toward Lynchburg as possible. 

Federal cavalry marched south in the Shenandoah Val- 
ley February 27th to Staunton, Va. 

T. S. Fillebroun, District of Columbia, was in engage- 
ment with batteries in Tagodo River, February, 1865. 

S. S. Carroll, District of Columbia, was in temporary 
command of the Department of West Virginia, February- 
March, 1865. 

Cornelius K. Stribling, South Carolina, commanded the 
Eastern Gulf Blockading Squadron, February, 1865, to 
the close of the War. 

Combat of Waynesboro, Va., March 2d, 1865. Fed- 
erals overcame Early with weak resistance, capturing the 
supplies, ammunition and a great part of the force. Geo. 
L. Gillespie, Tennessee, was among those engaged. The 
Federals proceeded to destroy the Virginia Central Rail- 
road, and the James River canal. 

Cheraw, S. C, March 3d. F. P. Blair, Kentucky, cap- 
tured 25 guns. 



256 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

John Newton, Virginia, fought an action at National 
Bridge, near St. Marks, Fla., March 6th. 

Battle of Kinston, N. C, March 8th to 10th, 1865. 
Jackson's Mills, Wilcox's Bridge, Wise's Fork. Sam. P. 
Carter, Tennessee, commanded the left wing. Hoke's divi- 
sion was engaged. Bragg fought on the south side of 
the Neuse River, 8th to 10th. The night of the 10th he 
crossed the Neuse, and retired toward Goldsboro, leaving a 
detachment at Kinston. 

Federals occupied Fayetteville, N. C, March 11th, and 
Kinston March 14th. 

March 14th Jenkins, Virginia, was ordered to the James 
River. He remained there until after Lee's surrender. 

Geo. L. Gillespie, Tennessee, was engaged in the action 
at Ashland, Va., March 14th-15th, 1865. 

Combat of Averysboro, N. C, March 16th, 1865. The 
division of W. T. Ward, Virginia, and another division 
of the 20th corps were deployed in front of the Confeder- 
ate line. Ward's skirmishers soon developed the Confed- 
erates. He was engaged in the general battle. A brigade 
was sent to the left and got in the rear of the Confederate 
intrenchments. The Confederates lost a battery and some 
men, and retreated to another line of works a short way 
back, and the Federals took position in front of them. 
Ward captured three guns and 217 men. Hardee re- 
treated during the night. Ward pursued him through 
Averysboro. Johnston had Hardee fight at Averysboro to 
gain time to concentrate his army. Johnston was uniting 
all his available infantry at Smithfield, and Hardee's re- 
treat was toward Raleigh to make it appear that the way 
to Goldsboro was clear. 

March 18th Thomas' cavalry crossed the Tennessee 
River near Eastport, and started toward Tuscaloosa, Ala. 
The force was largely mounted infantry. 

Battle of Bentonville, N. C, March 19th to 21st, 1865. 
Hampton's cavalry moved out the morning of the 18th 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 257 

to meet the Federals. He skirmished until afternoon, when 
he was pressed back to the crest of a wooded hill, which 
overlooked a very large field, which he favored as a proper 
place for the battle. He dismounted his men and held the 
position against a slight attack. 

Hampton moved out the morning of the 19th, and again 
occupied his position of the previous evening, while the 
infantry took position, then he fell back. The Federals 
struck Bragg's left vigorously. Hardee sent one division 
to its support, and his other to the extreme right. The 
attack upon Bragg was repulsed with heavy loss, and an- 
other upon Stewart. The Federal left wing was separated 
from and ahead of the right wing. A deserter (a Federal 
prisoner induced to enlist with the Confederates) gave in- 
formation that Johnston was commanding in front, intend- 
ing to strike this wing before the other could support it. 
He reported a very large force immediately in front. 
Johnston struck Thomas' old corps, the 14th, which fought 
with determination. It was badly battered, but managed 
to present a front. Johnston had come down stealthily 
from Smithfield. A mile in rear the 14th corps rallied 
on the 20th in a dense growth of young pines. Johnston 
continued to press the Federals back, except on the Fed- 
eral right, resting on a swamp, and covered by intrench- 
ments. Vandever, Maryland, was bravely engaged on the 
right, which held fast. About the time Hardee's corps 
arrived in the morning, a heavy attack was made on Hoke's 
division, and Bragg applied for reinforcements. Johnston 
complied. This prevented the full weight of Hardee's 
corps from being thrown on the Federal left with the other 
troops. The Federal assault was repelled early in the 
forenoon and Johnston's counter attack was in the after- 
noon. A messenger with the tidings of Johnston's pres- 
ence reached the separated right wing about sundown. 
About 6 p. m. the Federals made an aggressive showing, 
but with little effect. They were able to hold their ground 



258 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

then until night. The Confederates returned to their first 
position after night fell, carrying three guns and the 
Federal wounded. 

The Federal wings were in touch by noon 20th and made 
repeated attacks during the day. 

Mobile Campaign. Canby's easterly column left Pensa- 
cola March 20th. It feinted toward Montgomery, moving 
to Pollard, then turned toward Mobile. 

Thomas' other cavalry expedition left Knoxville about 
March 20th, on the raid toward Lynchburg. The force 
was the division of A. C. Gillem, Tennessee. It came to 
Wilkesboro, N. C. The troops were about 10,000 in num- 
ber. They destroyed the Virginia & Tennessee Railroad 
from Wytheville nearly to Lynchburg, captured more than 
6,000 prisoners, and destroyed many stores. 

S. P. Carter, Tennessee, drove out the Confederates and 
occupied Goldsboro, N. C, March 20th. 

Bentonville, March 21st. The armies from Wilmington 
and Savannah were virtually united. The right wing was 
up. The day was spent in light fighting. There was 
active skirmishing on the Confederate left. A small Con- 
federate force was hurried to meet the flanking troops and 
charged successfully. Johnston's left flank was endan- 
gered, threatening his retreat by bridge, and he retreated 
during the night toward Raleigh. The Federals pressed 
him hard, but were repulsed. 

From Bentonville the 22d the army marched to Golds- 
boro. 

In the Campaign in the Carolinas Blair commanded the 
17th corps. Force and Vandever commanded divisions. 
Theo. Jones, District of Columbia, was in the march. In 
the army from Wilmington Carter and T. J. Henderson, 
Tennessee, commanded divisions from Beaufort. Jos. A. 
Cooper, Kentucky, commanded a division. 

Both of Thomas' cavalry expeditions moved March 22d. 
The one headed on Lynchburg was to go later into North 
Carolina. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 259 

Wood's corps was ordered by Thomas to advance from 
Huntsville as far into east Tennessee as it could supply 
itself, repairing the railroad, and form, if necessary, a 
support to the North Carolina cavalry expedition, which 
did go into North Carolina, and a detachment into Vir- 
ginia. A detachment struck Salem, Va. 

M. C. Meigs, Georgia, was at Goldsboro March 22d to 
April 13th, 1865, directing the opening of communica- 
tions for supplying the armies in North Carolina. 

Thomas' Alabama cavalry expedition moved south. 
Forrest was 150 miles southwest of Eastport. The move- 
ment in Alabama was under Thomas' direction. John T. 
Croxton and Eli Long, both of Kentucky, commanded 
divisions. A. J. Alexander, Kentucky, was engaged. 
There were 13,500 men. This was a unique expedition — 
in some measure the campaign of a mounted army. It 
fought in the field and against fortified places. It was di- 
rected by Thomas up to Selma. 

The North Carolina and Lynchburg expedition was ef- 
fective. It swept through southwest Virginia, blocking 
Lee's communications with that region, and diminishing 
his supplies, and, turning into North Carolina, it captured 
the military prison at Salisbury, and interrupted Lee's 
railroad communications through that fertile region. It 
was a factor in the needy condition which was dictating 
the abandonment of Richmond. 

The Federal cavalry from the Valley of Virginia had 
destroyed the Virginia Central Railroad for miles, and the 
James River canal. It arrived at White House, Va., 
March 19th. It moved from White House March 24th 
for the James. During this move Ord sent forces to 
cover the crossings of the Chickahominy. 

Battle of Fort Stedman, Va., March 25th, 1865. About 
3 a. m. Fort Stedman was aroused, unusual commotion on 
the Confederate side having been noticed. The Confed- 
erates advanced to surprise the Fort in the darkness of 
the early hours. They assaulted the line in front of the 



260 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

9th corps. The attack first fell on Battery X and the 
works to the right. Some Confederates were captured 
there. The Confederates attacked the rear of Fort Sted- 
man, having entered by the breach of Battery X, and took 
possession of the Fort. They took a part of the line to 
the right and left, established themselves, and turned the 
guns of Fort Stedman against the Federals. Confederates 
passing to the left of Fort Stedman marched between Fort 
Haskell and its pickets. They were seen and howitzers were 
trained on them, and fired on the head of the Confederate 
column. Confederates attacked Fort Haskell unsuccess- 
fully. Other Confederates from Fort Stedman advanced 
along the trenches to the right. Some of the 3d Maryland 
regiment came into Fort Haskell, assisting it. The Con- 
federates captured concealed batteries XI and XII, to the 
left of Fort Stedman. The Confederates could not easily 
deploy to advance upon the military road east, because of 
enfilading fire of Battery IX and Fort Haskell. The tel- 
egraph line to City Point was cut early. Some of the 
Confederates, accordingly, reached the military road. The 
field artillery, directed by John C. Tidball, Virginia, com- 
manding the artillery brigade of the 9th corps, took po- 
sition on the hills in rear of Fort Stedman, and opened 
on the captured works and space around. He gathered 
a large number of pieces of artillery, and so planted them, 
in rear of the captured works, as to sweep the space be- 
tween the lines. The guns drove the Confederates to bomb- 
proofs, materially interfering with the deployment of a 
line of battle. Tidball was courageous and serviceable. 
Federal reserves were brought up. The Federal line was 
formed in a semi-circle. At 7 :30 an advance on the Fort 
Stedman line was made. Fort Stedman and the whole 
intrenched line were retaken. Nearly 2,000 Confederates 
were captured, and the others lost heavily in getting back. 
They met a fire from Fort Haskell, and batteries IX and 
McGilvery. 3d Maryland and other troops charged along 
the breastworks and helped reoccupy Fort Stedman. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 261 

Assault on Petersburg Lines. The 2d and 6th corps 
were ordered to advance at once and feel the Confederates. 
Pushing forward, they captured an intrenched picket line 
in their front, taking prisoners. The Confederates failed 
in hard efforts to regain this line. Getty, with bravery, 
contributed. 

The Federal cavalry from the Shenandoah Valley, via 
White House, crossed James River, and joined the army 
in front of Petersburg March 27th. 

Canby, Kentucky, laid siege to Spanish Fort March 
27th. Wm. P. Benton, Maryland, commanding a division, 
was on the left. 

March 28th Federal Monitor Milwaukee was blown up 
by a torpedo in Mobile Bay. Next day the Osage was 
blown up. 

Action of Gravelly Run, or Quaker Road, Va., March 
29th. Federals started at 3 a. m. Cavalry had been in- 
structed to move in the direction of Dinwiddie C. H., and 
to be ready to strike the Confederate right and rear. The 
intention was to reenforce it with a corps of infantry, 
and cut Lee off from the route toward Danville, in case 
the Federals should be successful. Ord had drawn three 
divisions from north of the James and transferred them to 
the Federal left. The remainder of Ord's army was left 
to hold the Federal lines. He extended from the works in 
front of Petersburg to the intersection of Hatcher's Run 
and the Vaughan road. There was a heavy rain March 
29th and 30th, and most of the cavalry was ordered back. 

The 2d and 5th corps moved on parallel lines against 
Lee's flank, and encountered his line of battle. A sharp 
fight occurred. The 2d corps was opposite Lee's extreme 
right. 

Battle of Boydtown and White Oak Roads, Va., March 
31st. The cavalry reported Confederates intrenching at 
Five Forks and westward a mile. Lee had sent Pickett 
there, with infantry and cavalry. The 5th corps ad- 
vanced to find out how large a Confederate force held the 



262 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

White Oak Road and to dislodge it. It assaulted vig- 
orously. The Confederates drove two of the divisions 
back upon the third. Reinforcements came from the 2d 
corps, and by noon the Confederates were checked. The 
Federals took the offensive and a flank attack was made 
on the Confederate troops facing the 5th corps. The 
Confederates soon fell back. There was a forward move- 
ment by the 5th corps later in the afternoon, the Confed- 
erates receding. The 5th corps had been sent forward this 
day by two roads, in the hope of catching the Confed- 
erates between them. 

Action of Dinwiddie C. H., Va., March 31st. Federal 
cavalry a little north of Dinwiddie C. H. were driven back 
east. The cavalry had struck the Confederate right and 
rear, but, after some success, had been driven. The cav- 
alry made a stand on high ground just north of Din- 
widdie. They held their position there after fighting. 
Gillespie, Tennessee, was engaged. 

Montevallo, Ala., March 31st. The brigade of A. J. 
Alexander, Kentucky, leading Thomas' Alabama cavalry 
expedition, struck the Confederates, driving them in con- 
fusion by a charge. Fred. W. Benteen, Virginia, with 
the 10th Missouri cavalry, swept over the bridge, and, 
swinging into a thicket bordering the creek, dismounted 
his men. He advanced against the Confederate position. 
Forrest was ousted and pursued to Randolph. 

Big Mulberry Creek, April 1st. Forrest presented bat- 
tle front. Eli Long, Kentucky, formed, and broke For- 
rest's line. The brigade of A. J. Alexander hurried up 
and formed on Long's left. They advanced and Forrest 
was routed. Alexander captured two guns and Long one. 

The brigade of J. T. Croxton, Kentucky, was detached 
at Elyton to move on Tuscaloosa, while the main command 
marched toward Selma. A Confederate division marching 
from Tuscaloosa toward the Federal main force had its 
rear-guard struck by Croxton, who interposed between it 
and its train. The main force learned this by an inter- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 263 

cepted dispatch, and that the Confederates intended at- 
tacking Croxton at daylight, April 1st, and other 
important information. The main force pushed on to- 
ward Selma. Long was ordered to help push Forrest 
toward Selma. 

Ebenezer Church, April 1st. Federals struck Forrest's 
right wing. Long's division attacked, and, with the aid 
of A. J. Alexander's brigade, carried the position in a 
short while. Alexander fought with skill and spirit. The 
Confederates retreated toward Selma. 

Canby's column from Pensacola deployed before Fort 
Blakely April 1st. 

John C. Tidball, Virginia, was engaged in assault from 
Fort Sedgwick on Confederate works April 1st. 

Battle of Five Forks, Va., April 1st, 1865. The force 
facing the Federal cavalry fell back in the early morning. 
The 5th corps joined the cavalry in the morning. The 
cavalry followed up the Confederates, and about 1 p. m. 
reported that they were retiring behind their intrenched 
position at Five Forks. 

About 3 p. m. reports reached Fitzhugh Lee of a large 
body of infantry marching around and menacing the Con- 
federate left flank. Cavalry dismounted demonstrated 
against the Confederate front, the Confederates facing 
south. At 4 o'clock the Federal infantry formation 
against the Confederate left flank was complete, and the 
Federals attacked Pickett. The dismounted cavalry as- 
saulted as soon as the Confederate left flank was struck. 
A portion of the 5th corps line gave way at one time. 
Pickett's left flank was crushed. The Confederates main- 
tained the right of their line, confronting the cavalry, after 
the left and center had given way. The 5th corps then 
swept down the line. The Federal advance toward the 
railroad was repulsed by Rosser's cavalry. Pickett had 
7,000 men, and was driven westward rapidly. He was 
driven back several miles, the retreat becoming a rout, fol- 
lowed principally by the cavalry. Fitzhugh Lee remained 



264 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

in position on Hatcher's Run near Five Forks during the 
night. Pickett had five brigades and R. H. Anderson was 
bringing three brigades by a circuitous route. Thus eight 
brigades were missing in the Petersburg contest next day. 
Richard N. Bowerman, Maryland, fought with bravery 
and good conduct. David L. Stanton, Maryland, was con- 
spicuous. Gillespie, Tennessee, was engaged. 

Battle of Petersburg, — Grand Assault, April 2d, 1865. 
The turning of Lee's right exposed his communications 
and necessitated his movement to cover them. A successful 
assault might hold him. The assault was ordered on the 
Petersburg lines at 4 :45 a. m. The Confederate line was 
broken by 5:15 a.m. The lines were broken in various 
places. Ord was engaged early. He broke through in- 
trenchments and carried the line on Hatcher's Run. At 
8 a. m. the division of Wm. Hays, Virginia, carried an 
important earthwork, with 3 guns and most of the garri- 
son. About 8 :30 a. m. a report came from Ord of the 
capture of works south of Hatcher's Run. Ord car- 
ried a considerable part of the works, taking many pris- 
oners. Lee's right having been struck, the Army of the 
Potomac troops there and Ord were both directed to face 
eastward, and close up toward the inner lines which cov- 
ered Petersburg. They swung to the right, closing all 
Confederates on that side in Petersburg. Lee then made 
a determined fight against the 9th corps, which was threat- 
ening his inner line on his extreme left, and the bridge 
across the Appomattox. Lee assaulted it repeatedly, but 
did not force it back. Lee had ordered Longstreet up 
from the north side of the James, and with Longstreet re- 
enforced his extreme right. By noon nearly all of the 
outer works were in the Federal hands except two strong 
redoubts — Forts Gregg and Whitworth. About 1 p. m. 
three of Ord's brigades swept down upon Fort Gregg, which 
surrendered after a fierce fight. Geo. B. Dandy, Georgia, 
commanded one of the brigades and took a prominent part. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 265 

Win. B. Curtis, Maryland, performed striking and efficient 
service in its capture. Fort Whitworth was then aban- 
doned. One of Ord's divisions took Fort Alexander, 
shortening besieging lines and weakening the defenses of 
Petersburg. The evacuation of Petersburg began at 10 
p. m., April 2d. That day, under orders, Admiral Semmes 
blew up the Confederate vessels in the James River. 

In the campaign against Petersburg, Getty, Wm. Bir- 
ney and Thos. M. Harris, Virginia, commanded divisions. 
Harris was valiant in the assault on Petersburg. John S. 
Witcher, Virginia, showed bravery and merit. Tompkins, 
Virginia, commanded the artillery brigade of the 6th corps. 
Fred T. Dent, Missouri, obtained mention. Hawley, 
North Carolina, and Andrew W. Evans, Maryland, were 
engaged. 

Bache commanded the flag-ship on the James in the final 
operations. Jas. H. Spotts, North Carolina, was engaged 
in the bombardment of batteries above Dutch Gap in April, 
1865. 

Combat of Selma, Ala., April 2d. An Englishman who 
had been employed by the Confederates in planning and 
constructing the fortifications of Selma was arrested. He 
made a topographical sketch of them, and explained them 
and the surrounding country. Long's division took the 
advance to Selma. Arriving, he dismounted his men, and 
formed on the left of the road. His division, A. J. Alex- 
ander's and another brigade, carried the works at a single 
charge dismounted. He drove the Confederates to the 
city. His rear had been threatened, but he merely 
strengthened it with a regiment. The charge was a fine 
one, the line being completely exposed. Long was se- 
verely wounded. Alexander fought with valor. Selma 
was captured with 32 guns and 2,700 prisoners, and large 
stores. The arsenal, powder-works, etc., were destroyed. 

The Siege of Fort Blakely, Mobile Harbor, began 
April 2d. K. Garrard's division was on the left. 



%m FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Petersburg surrendered at 4 :28 a. m., April 3d. Fed- 
eral troops were pushed west early with all haste. The 
cavalry were pressing the Confederates. 

Richmond, having been evacuated, was entered at 8:15 
a. m. Many guns were captured in it. 6,000 Confed- 
erates were taken. 

Farragut had temporary command in the James River, 
where he was stationed at the time of the fall of Richmond. 
Wm. Radford, Virginia, commanded the James River Di- 
vision of the North Atlantic Squadron until its fall. F. 
M. Ramsay and A. A. Semmes, District of Columbia, were 
present. A. W. Weaver, District of Columbia, took the 
Mahopac up James River, and participated in night bom- 
bardment of Confederate works near Richmond just previ- 
ous to their evacuation. He, too, was present at its fall. 
Wm. C. Wise, Virginia, commanded the flag-ship Malvern 
on James River during the final movements against Rich- 
mond, and it carried President Lincoln up to Richmond 
April 4th, it being the first Federal vessel to reach the city. 

April 4th Ord marched toward Burkeville to head Lee 
off from Danville. Lee, arriving at Amelia C. H. 4th a. m., 
found the army supplies ordered not there. He lost nearly 
24 hours trying to collect subsistence in the country. He 
might have worked around the Federals and kept down the 
railroad but for this delay. 

Croxton, Kentucky, had an engagement with Wirt 
Adams near Bridgeville April 4th. Croxton captured 
Tuscaloosa, Ala., destroying military stores. 

Amelia Springs, Va., April 5th. The cavalry inter- 
cepted Lee's advance down the Richmond & Danville Rail- 
road toward Burkeville. Lee was then at Amelia C. H. 
He marched west therefrom during the night. He had 
learned of the approach of infantry and general advance 
of the Federal army toward Burkeville. This defeated 
his design pf moving down the railroad. His march was 
directed upon Farmville, where supplies were ordered from 
Lynchburg. The change of route threw troops over roads 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 267 

traveled by artillery and wagon trains, impeding the ad- 
vance and embarrassing movements. 

High Bridge, April 6th. Ord had sent a force to de- 
stroy High Bridge, beyond Sailor's Creek, over the Appo- 
mattox. It struck the head of Lee's marching column, 
while preparing to cross the Appomattox, and attacked, 
causing the loss of precious time. The Confederates were 
between Ord and this force of less than 600 infantry and 
cavalry. They charged Lee's advancing columns repeat- 
edly. Most of the men were killed or wounded, and the 
rest finally surrendered. The delay was damaging to Lee. 
The Federals captured a large part of his wagon trains. 
The affair contributed greatly to the day's success at 
Sailor's Creek. 

Battle of Sailor's Creek, Deatonville, or Harper's Farm, 
Va., April 6th. Longstreet's corps reached Rice's Station. 
Anderson, commanding Pickett's and B. R. Johnson's di- 
visions, became disconnected from the rear of Longstreet. 
Federal cavalry penetrated the interval and attacked the 
wagon train. This seriously delayed the march of the 
center and rear, enabling the Federals to mass upon their 
flank. Anderson found a heavy force of cavalry posted 
strongly in his front. Ewell was behind Anderson, and the 
Federals came up on Ewell from the east. Anderson at- 
tacked in front and was repulsed, while Ewell, without 
artillery, held the force in rear in check. Before the ad- 
vancing Federals reached the crest of the heights occupied 
by Ewell, his troops in heavy column charged impetuously 
upon and through the center of the assaulting line. The 
Federal center was completely broken and a disaster was 
imminent. The Confederate piercing column now became 
exposed to a renewed fire of Federal artillery east of 
Sailor's Creek. The right and left wings of the Federals 
each forced Ewell's flanks back, and, wheeling toward the 
center, poured infantry fire upon his flanks. Anderson was 
broken and dispersed and the Federals came up through 
Anderson's position from the rear, completing the encom- 



268 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

passment of Evvell on his rear and right. Confederate 
officers tried to form lines to the right and left to repel 
the flank attacks. Federal troops on the flanks were 
pushed up to within a few feet of the massed Confederates, 
rendering impossible any re-formation or change of direc- 
tion. A few were bayoneted on each side. Ewell's force, 
including Commodore Tucker and his marine brigade, 
which, under cover of a dense forest, had been passed by, 
surrendered. 

Gordon was behind Ewell. All the morning, aided by 
W. H. F. Lee's cavalry, he had been checking the Federal 
advance on the road from Amelia Springs, and protecting 
the trains. He became exposed to combined assaults, 
bravely resisted, and twice repulsed them. The cavalry 
having been withdrawn to another part of the line of 
march, Federals massing heavily on Gordon's front and 
both flanks renewed the attack about 6 p. m. and drove him 
from the field in much confusion. Ord pushed out to 
Rice's Station. The march of the Confederates continued 
during the night. Getty and Gillespie were among those 
engaged at Sailor's Creek. Ord hurried along a more 
southerly road, while the Army of the Potomac followed 
Lee's steps. 

Wm. Hays, Virginia, was assigned to command of the 
artillery reserve April 6th. 

Combat of Farmville, Va., April 7th. Lee crossed the 
Appomattox at High Bridge and set the bridge afire. The 
Federals managed to extinguish the flames ere they had 
made much progress. At Farmville some of the Confed- 
erate troops missed their food supply. The train was re- 
moved on the approach of the Federals. Lee, marching 
toward Appomattox C. H., intended to march thence by 
Campbell C. H., through Pittsylvania to Danville. The 
roads were very bad and progress was slow. Troops on 
the north side of the Appomattox River near Farmville 
were driven back by Fitz Lee. The second corps was also 
on the north side, isolated from the rest of the infantry. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 269 

It was heavily engaged. The 6th corps was ordered to 
cross the river and move rapidly to its support. Getty 
was engaged. 

The head of Lee's column reached Appomattox C. H. 
in the evening, April 8th. March was ordered to be re- 
sumed at 1 a. m. the 9th. In the early part of the night 
Federals attacked Walker's artillery train near Appomat- 
tox Station and were repelled. Shortly after, Federal cav- 
alry dashed toward Appomattox C. H. till halted by the 
Confederate line. During the night there were indications 
of a large force massing on Lee's left and front. Fitzhugh 
Lee was directed to ascertain its strength and delay his 
advance till daylight, if necessary. Geo. L. Gillespie, Ten- 
nessee, was engaged in an action at Appomattox Station, 
April 8th. Lee's vanguard was pushed back to Appo- 
mattox C. H., losing guns and men. 

Spanish Fort, Mobile Harbor, April 8th. There was 
bombardment by 90 land guns and all vessels within range. 
Lodgment was effected in the evening on the right. Dur- 
ing the night the garrison retreated. The Federals cap- 
tured 500 men and nearly 50 guns. Canby, Kentucky, 
commanded the army, assaulting and occupying the Fort 
that night. Wm. R. Marshall, Missouri, led his brigade 
in the advance on Spanish Fort. He was wounded in the 
neck, but continued in command. 

Fort Blakely, Mobile Harbor, April 9th. Canby, com- 
manding the army, took Fort Blakely by a general assault 
of 16,000 men. He captured 3,423 men and more than 
40 guns. Kenner Garrard, Kentucky, led the storming 
column which captured the Fort. Jas. I. Gilbert, Ken- 
tucky, performed faithful and good service in the cam- 
paign against Mobile and its defenses. Canby accom- 
plished an important and valuable service in the reduction 
of the defenses of Mobile. 

Appomattox Station, Lee's Surrender, April 9th, 1865. 
Ord marched with two corps from daylight April 8th until 
the morning of the 9th with a rest of only three hours. 



270 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

About 5 a. m. 9th, with Gordon on the left, Fitzhugh Lee's 
cavalry moved forward and opened the way. A heavy 
force was discovered opposite Gordon's right, which, mov- 
ing toward Appomattox C. H., drove back the left of the 
cavalry and threatened to cut off Gordon from Longstreet, 
Federal cavalry at the same time threatening to envelope 
Gordon's left flank. Ord's force and a division of the 
5th corps reached Appomattox Station about daylight. 
Gordon withdrew across the Appomattox River and Con- 
federate cavalry advanced on the Lynchburg road and 
became separated from the army. Ord's men and the 5th 
corps troops took position on the high ground to the south 
and southwest of Lee, supporting the cavalry, heading Lee 
off. Ord was present. The ground was open to Lee on 
the northwest and thickly wooded. Thos. M. Harris, Vir- 
ginia, sent out a detachment which silenced the last Con- 
federate guns at Appomattox. Lee's army wanted sub- 
sistence and a supply could not be gathered in the country. 
Supplies ordered to Pamplin's Station from Lynchburg 
could not reach the army. The men were worn out and 
exhausted. Lee was led to surrender the army on parole. 
An essential contributing cause to this result was Ord's 
skillful, hard march the night before. In Lee's army there 
remained 7,892 organized infantry with arms. In all, 
26,000 men were surrendered. Getty, Gillespie and Geo. 
B. Dandy, Georgia, were engaged at Appomattox. 

In the Appomattox campaign Ord commanded the 
Army of the James, with the defenses of Bermuda Hun- 
dred, etc., the 24th and 25th corps and cavalry. Wm. 
Hays, Virginia, commanded the artillery reserve. Hays, 
Getty and Wm. Birney commanded divisions. Tidball 
commanded the artillery brigade of the 9th corps. A. W. 
Denison, Maryland; R. N. Bowerman, Maryland; David 
L. Stanton, Maryland; Dandy; Wm. B. Curtis, Maryland; 
Harris; and Henry A. Morrow, Virginia, participated. 
Morrow commanded the " Iron Brigade " from Petersburg 
to the close of the War. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 271 

April 9th Thomas' cavalry expedition which had been in 
Virginia moved into North Carolina again. At German- 
ton, N. C, the force divided, part going to Salem and the 
main body to Salisbury. . The railroad was destroyed to 
Danville. 

Getty was in the march from Appomattox to Danville, 
and to and about Washington, from April 10th to the close 
of the War. 

The combined army in North Carolina started from 
Goldsboro for Raleigh April 10th. It reached Smithfield 
the 11th. Johnston had fallen back to Raleigh. 

The fleet gained the rear of Mobile by the Blakely and 
Tensas, and Canb} r 's men crossed the Bay under convoy. 
Forts Huger and Tracy were captured April 11th. 
Maury, in command at Mobile, marched out April 11th, 
and Canby entered next day. Maury withdrew to Merid- 
ian, Miss. 

Near Salisbury, N. C, April 12th, Thomas' cavalry 
defeated 3,000 Confederates, Gillem, Tennessee, partici- 
pating with good conduct. 18 guns and over 1,200 pris- 
oners were captured, and the Confederates were disorgan- 
ized. The Federals entered Salisbury that day. The 
railroad south of Salisbury was destroyed. 

Montgomery, Ala., surrendered to Thomas' Alabama 
cavalry expedition April 12th. 

Federal cavalry occupied Raleigh April 14th. 

The night of April 14th President Lincoln was shot. 
He died in the morning, and Andrew Johnson, North Caro- 
lina, was sworn in as President that day, thereby becoming 
commander-in-chief of the army and navy. 

Action of Columbus, Ga., April 16th. Part of the bri- 
gade of A. J. Alexander, Kentucky, in Thomas' Alabama 
cavalry expedition, struck the Confederate pickets and 
drove them through Girard. Alexander showed skill and 
daring. The Confederates destroyed the bridge across the 
River to Columbus, Ga. The Federals attacked at another 
point and secured a bridge. Benteen's Missourians crossed 



272 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

the bridge. Columbus was captured. It was a night at- 
tack. 1,200 prisoners, 52 field-guns, and large quantities 
of arms and stores were taken. The Confederate ram 
Jackson, nearly finished, was destroyed. 

April 16th, West Point, Ga., was taken by a brigade 
moving separately from the main force at Columbus. 
Three guns were captured. 

April 17th negotiations were had for the surrender of 
Johnston's army. 

Macon, Ga., was occupied April 20th by Thomas' cav- 
alry. After the 20th Croxton commanded a division. 

Thomas made dispositions for the capture of Jefferson 
Davis and his party, with the result that he was captured. 

A. C. Gillem, Tennessee, was engaged in an action near 
Asheville, N. C, April 22d. 

April 26th Johnston surrendered 29,924 men on parole. 

J. T. Croxton, Kentucky, marched 653 miles to get up 
with the main cavalry force, joining at Macon May 1st. 
He destroyed five large iron-works and large supplies and 
captured four guns. 

The old command of General Morgan surrendered to 
Hobson, Kentucky, at Mt. Sterling, May 1st. 

May 4th, 1865, Richard Taylor surrendered to Canby 
at Citronelle all remaining Confederate forces east of the 
Mississippi. The naval forces surrendered also. 

Croxton, Kentucky, was given the instructions under 
which Jefferson Davis was captured. Under the theory 
that he would attempt to escape toward the Florida coast, 
detachments were sent out. He was captured by the cav- 
alry near Irwinsville, Ga., May 10th. 

May 10th Sam Jones' command of 8,000 men surren- 
dered at Tallahassee, Fla. 

May 11th Jeff Thompson's command of 7,454 men sur- 
rendered at Chalk Bluff, Ark. 

Kirby Smith surrendered to Canby all of the trans- 
Mississippi forces, 20,000, May 26th. 

June 2d, 1865, Benj. F. Sands, Maryland, with his gun- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 273 

boats, took possession of Galveston, Texas — the last city 
to surrender. 

June 3d Lieut. J. H. Carter and the Confederate naval 
forces under his command surrendered. 

S. A. Hurlbut, South Carolina, commanded the Depart- 
ment of the Gulf the last year of the War. 

Sol. Meredith, North Carolina, was in command of 
Paducah at the close of the War. 

S. P. Lee, Virginia, commanding the Mississippi Squad- 
ron, occupied the last months of the War in convoy duty, 
maintaining communication on the Mississippi, blockading 
the Red River, and in active operations with the army by 
the fleets in the Tennessee River and the Cumberland River. 
This was an exacting and difficult service. There were hot 
engagements with the Confederate batteries and troops on 
the banks. Lee received the surrender of the last of the 
Confederate fleet on the western waters. 

Any reader whose view of the deeds of northern Federals 
may have been obscured by the foregoing recital can bring 
them clearly before him by the perusal of special works 
devoted to them and general histories. 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SOUTHERN OFFICERS 
COMMANDING BRIGADES, OR ABOVE ; COM- 
MANDING A VESSEL, OR MORE, WITH 
THEIR RANK AND RECORD, SHOW- 
ING WHERE THEY FOUGHT; 
AND SOME OTHER SOUTH- 
ERNERS WHO NOTABLY 
AIDED THE FED- 
ERAL CAUSE. 



The Rank Given is the Highest Held in Battle. 

Many Officers Received Promotion to Date from 

March 13th, 1865, and Other Dates, Who 

Appear Not to Have Been Engaged in 

Battle Thereafter, to Command 

Commensurately. 

Abercrombie, John J., Tennessee. Brigadier General 
of Volunteers. Falling Waters. Shenandoah campaign, 
1861—62. At Fair Oaks his brigade was cut off and sus- 
tained a severe attack. He was wounded. Seven Days' 
Battles. At Malvern Hill he pushed after the repelled 
Confederates and helped advance the right of the line. 
He commanded troops before Washington. In its defense, 
was in command of works about Chain Bridge, September, 
1862, to April, 1863. In command of a division at Cen- 
treville, April to August, 1863. In command of depots 
about Fredericksburg for the distribution of troops, etc., 
May, 1864, and at White House, June, 1864, being en- 
gaged in its defense against Hampton's Legion. 

Abert, John J., Maryland. Commander corps of 
Topographical Engineers. 

275 



276 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Alexander, A. J., Kentucky. Brigadier General of 
Volunteers. Peninsula campaign. Gettysburg campaign. 
Atlanta campaign. At Montevallo his brigade, leading, 
struck the Confederates, driving them in confusion by a 
charge. At Mulberry Creek, he hurried his brigade up 
and helped defeat Forrest. He captured two guns. At 
Ebenezer Church, skillful and bold, he aided in taking the 
Confederate position. He was conspicuous in the noted 
charge which captured Selma. At Columbus, Ga., part of 
his brigade struck the Confederate pickets and drove them 
through Girard. 

Alexander, Barton S., Kentucky. Brigadier General. 
Blackburn's Ford. Bull Run. Before Yorktown. West 
Point, landing the leading division. Fair Oaks. Gaines' 
Mill. Golding's Farm. Chief Engineer of defenses of 
Washington, June 1st, 1864, to the end of the War. 

Ammen, Jacob, Virginia. Brigadier General of Volun- 
teers. West Virginia campaign of 1861. Cheat Moun- 
tain. Greenbrier. At Pittsburg Landing his brigade was 
the arriving reenforcement which, with some assistance, pre- 
vented the Confederates from reaching the landing in their 
final charge on the 6th, handling his brigade finely. Next 
day resisted Confederate attempts to turn the left, occu- 
pied by his brigade. Advance upon and fighting before 
Corinth. Commanded a division in the fall of 1862. In 
command of Covington, Ky., Camp Denison, O., and 
Camp Douglas, 111., October 30th, 1862, to April 14th, 
1863. In command of District of Illinois, April 14th to 
December 17th, 1863 ; of districts of Middle Tennessee 
and Kentucky, January 2d to 26th, 1864, and of District 
of East Tennessee, April 10th, 1864, to January 14th, 
1865. Commanded force of 4,200 sent by Thomas against 
Breckenridge, December, 1864. In command of camps of 
instruction in several districts of Illinois, Kentucky and 
Tennessee. 

Anderson, Robert, Kentucky. Major General U. S. 
Army. He was commended for his defense of Fort 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 277 

Sumter. Commanded militia of Kentucky during the period 
of neutrality and for a few weeks thereafter. In com- 
mand of Department of Kentucky, May 28th to August 
15th, 1861. Opened a recruiting office in Cincinnati for 
volunteers from Kentucky and western Virginia. He 
thwarted Buckner's advance on Louisville. He had the 
privilege of selecting four brigadier generals to serve under 
him. He chose Thomas as one. In command of the De- 
partment of the Cumberland, or Department of the Ohio, 
August 15th to October 13th, 1861. 

Bache, Geo. M., District of Columbia. Lieutenant 
Commanding. Commanded iron-clad Cincinnati, Missis- 
sippi Squadron, 1862—63. He was in the attack on 
Haines' Bluff. Arkansas Post, silencing guns with the 
Cincinnati. He went up the White River directly after 
the capture of Fort Hindman. Capture of St. Charles. 
Expedition through Steele's Bayou and Deer Creek in the 
Cincinnati. Engagement with Vicksburg batteries May 
27th, 1863, where the Cincinnati was sunk. He fought 
with courage. At Milliken's Bend the Lexington under 
Bache reached the scene of action as the Confederates 
were making off and shelled them. He commanded steam 
gunboat Lexington, 1863—64. He made a successful raid 
in the White River, with the Lexington, Cricket and Mar- 
mora. He sent the Cricket up the Little Red River and 
proceeded to Augusta. Expedition via Red up Black and 
Ouachita Rivers. Red River Expedition, commanding the 
Lexington. Osage aground was attacked. Bache was 
visiting on board. A Confederate brigade fought the 
Osage and Lexington. Bache, in the Lexington, enfiladed 
the Confederates, disabling their battery and driving them 
off. Lexington was the first to sweep through the weir, 
after the fleet was stopped by low water, and a dam had 
been built to store the water and float it down. He com- 
manded four vessels in the army and navy expedition up 
the Arkansas River. At Clarendon, Ark., he defeated bat- 
teries and troops. Powhatan both assaults on Fort Fisher. 



278 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

He commanded the right wing in the sailors' assault and 
was wounded severely. In command of flag-ship on James 
River. 

Bainbridge, Edmund C, Virginia. Chief of Artillery 
12th army corps, December, 1863, to April, 1864. 

Balch, George B., Tennessee. Commander. As a vol- 
unteer, he led the force which landed in boats and took 
possession of Tybee Island. He ascended the Black River 
25 miles, drove a Confederate battery from earthworks and 
engaged infantry on the bluffs. In command of Poca- 
hontas, later of the Pawnee, 1862-65. He was engaged 
in operations of the South Atlantic Squadron between Jan- 
uary and July, 1863. He landed troops on Folly Island 
at night during the Morris Island operations. He was 
attacked July 16th, 1863, by two batteries, Confederates 
making a simultaneous attack on the soldiers. He repulsed 
the attack and is credited with having saved the troops. 
Balch was senior officer on the Stono River. The Pawnee 
helped in making the landing on James Island. On the 
Stono River, December 25th, 1863, the Paxsmee was struck 
46 times. The Marblehead was opened on by batteries. 
The Pawnee took an enfilading position and caused the 
retreat of the Confederates, afterward capturing two guns. 
Gunboat expedition up St. John's River, occupying Jack- 
sonville. Operations in Stono River in 1864, particularly 
bombardment of Battery Pringle. Balch was in the at- 
tempt to cut the railroad between Charleston and Savan- 
nah. Honey Hill. Attack on Fort Fisher. Tagodo 
Creek, North Edisto, with Pax&nee, Sonoma and Daffodil, he 
ascended and engaged three batteries, driving the Confed- 
erates from their earthworks. Pawnee was hit 10 times, 
Sonoma and Daffodil twice each. Bull's Bay. 

Ball, William H., Virginia. Brigadier General of Vol- 
unteers. He fought bravely and well in the Shenandoah 
Valley campaign, 1864, being heavily engaged at Cedar 
Creek. Won honor in the campaign .before Richmond. 

Bankhead, John P., South Carolina. Commander. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 279 

Susquehanna. He commanded the Pembina at Port Royal, 
Seabrook and Port Royal Ferry. In command of the 
Florida at the capture of Fernandina, Fla., Fort Clinch 
and St. Mary, Ga. When the Monitor foundered he was 
in command, and was among the last to leave her. 

Barrett, Edward, Louisiana. Lieutenant Commander. 
In command of the Catskill blockading Charleston. He 
captured the Deer, the only blockade-runner captured by a 
monitor. Commanded gunboat Massasoit. 

Barriger, John W., Kentucky. Brigadier General of 
Volunteers. In command of Fort Ellsworth. Fought 
with valor at Bull Run. Chief Commissary, Army of the 
Ohio. 

Bates, Edward, Virginia. Attorney General of the 
United States. Led in pointing out the necessity of cre- 
ating a naval force in the west to get possession of the 
tributaries of the Mississippi River, then of the Mississippi 
itself. 

Bell, George, Maryland. Chief of Commissariat, De- 
partments of Washington and the Potomac. Brigadier 
General. 

Bell, Henry H., North Carolina. Commodore. Went 
up the Mississippi River preliminary to the bombardment of 
Forts Jackson and St. Philip to obtain information. He 
was under a heavy fire finding a way past the cable ob- 
structing the river. Commanded the last of the three 
divisions in the passage of the forts, capturing one vessel, 
and destroying two. He was fleet captain. He was active 
in the capture of New Orleans, and restored the U. S. 
flag on the New Orleans custom house. In passage of the 
Vicksburg batteries June 28th, 1862. Siege of Vicksburg. 
For a time in 1863, Bell was in command of the West Gulf 
Squadron. He rendered essential service in the blockade. 
Capture of Port Hudson. Bell was a good organizer and 
administrator of details. 

Benteen, Fred. W., Virginia. Did good service at Pea 
Ridge. Commanded a brigade at Big Blue. Bold and 



280 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

helpful at Osage. At Montevallo, with the 10th Missouri 
cavalry, he swept over the bridge, and, swinging into the 
thicket bordering the creek, dismounted his men and ad- 
vanced against the Confederate position, contributing to 
the victory. At Columbus, Ga., his Missourians crossed 
the bridge into the city, which then fell. 

Benton, Thomas H., Jr., Tennessee. Brigadier General 
of Volunteers. Commanded a brigade at the seizure of 
Little Rock. 

Benton, William P., Maryland. Major General of Vol- 
unteers. Organized the first company offered by Indiana. 
He had a command at Rich Mountain, where he displayed 
bravery. Pea Ridge, conspicuous. Port Gibson. Jack- 
son. Champion's Hill. Black River. Planted colors on 
the slope of the earthwork at Vicksburg May 22d, 1863. 
He commanded a division in the campaign against Mobile 
and its defenses. 

Berrien, John M., Georgia. Naval Captain. Com- 
manded at Norfolk in 1865. 

Birney, David B., Alabama. Major General of Vol- 
unteers. Raised a regiment in Pennsylvania. Was con- 
spicuous at Yorktown and Williamsburg. At Seven Pines 
he delayed the Confederate advance east June 1st. He 
had moved forward and struck the right flank of Confed- 
erates there. Birney and French pushed Confederates 
back. Seven Days' Battles. Glendale. Fought ably at 
Second Manassas. During the battle of Chantilly, com- 
mand of a division devolved on Birney, who ordered a 
bayonet charge by his own brigade, which gained some 
ground. At Fredericksburg some of his troops were 
thrown forward in support of the troops who had pierced 
Jackson's line. The arrival of his division at a critical 
moment during the Confederate pursuit occupied the line 
of battle and aided in saving a battery. At Chancellors- 
ville he reported continuous movement of Confederates 
toward Federal right. He had a rifled battery open on 
the Confederates with effect, causing them to withdraw 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 281 

to another road. At midnight his division was advanced, 
charging down the plank road, driving back Confederates, 
and recovering a part of the ground lost by the 11th corps, 
bringing away several of the abandoned guns. He occu- 
pied the rear in the retreat on Chancellorsville next day. 
At Gettysburg July 2d, Birney disclosed by reconnois- 
sances the presence of Confederates flanking the left. Be- 
fore Longstreet's attack his division was posted from the 
Devil's Den to the Peach Orchard and along the Emmits- 
burg road. Birney repulsed the first assault. Toward 
six the angle at the Peach Orchard was broken in. He 
commanded the 3d corps from soon after 6 p. m. One of 
his brigades got in the interval between two Confederate 
regiments about the wheatfield, forcing the flanks back. 
At the Wilderness his division was placed on the left of 
Getty in two lines of battle along the Brock road. Pie 
advanced to the attack. There was fierce fighting. With 
his own and another division, he pushed forward on the 
left of the Orange plank road, and drove Confederates 
from their rifle-pits. He was used with two other divi- 
sions to strike Hill's right heavily, preventing Hill from 
interposing between the 2d and 5th corps. At Spotsyl- 
vania, May 10th, while withdrawing from the Confederate 
left, he was attacked. His division participated in the 7 
p. m. assault. Birney's and another division formed the 
first line in the attack on the Bloody Angle, Lee's center, 
at Spotsylvania, dashing over the front and flank of the 
works, surprising and overwhelming the Confederates in 
their trenches. In the hand-to-hand conflict guns were 
used as clubs. Ed. Johnson and most of his division, 
Brigadier General Geo. H. Steuart and part of two bri- 
gades and 30 guns were captured. At Spotsylvania May 
18th with another division he supported the assault on the 
line nearly in front of the work they had captured. At 
North Anna two brigades of Birney's division attacked 
fortification on the north side of the stream, stormed and 
carried it. The Confederates were unable to burn the 



282 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

bridge and fell back during the night. Cold Harbor. 
Jerusalem plank road. In the general assault on Peters- 
burg June 16th, 1864, he carried the ridge in his front. 
After July, 1864, he commanded the 10th corps, Army of 
the James. Deep Bottom August 12th, gained some ad- 
vantage, taking four guns. He participated on the left 
of the force threatening Richmond August 14th. Six 
guns and several hundred prisoners were taken. In the 
fighting near there, August 16th to 19th, he was on the 
right. September 29th Birney and Ord took Fort Harri- 
son, with 15 guns, and a considerable portion of the in- 
trenchments. Fort Harrison was strong. Fort Gilmer. 
Confederates assaulted Fort Harrison several times unsuc- 
cessfully, with loss. 

Birney, William, Alabama. Brigadier General of Vol- 
unteers. Conspicuous at Second Bull Run. Chantilly. 
He was wounded at Fredericksburg. Chancellorsville. 
Fort Gilmer. Commanded a division in the campaign 
against Petersburg and the Appomattox campaign. 

Bishop, Joshua, Missouri. Lieutenant Commanding. 
General Bragg, siege of Vicksburg and at Helena, July 
4th, 1863. 

Black, John C, Mississippi. Brigadier General of Vol- 
unteers. Wounded at Pea Ridge. Won honor at Prairie 
Grove. He helped menace the Confederate left flank, hav- 
ing been moved across the creek. He fearlessly charged 
the position of the Confederates and captured a battery, 
being severely wounded. He was gallant in the assault on 
Fort Blakely. 

Blair, Francis P., Jr., Kentucky. Major General of 
Volunteers. Raised a full regiment in Missouri within ten 
days from the issue of the President's call. To the cour- 
age, moderation and tact of Blair it was greatly due that 
not one member of the Missouri Convention elected Feb- 
ruary 18th, 1861, would say he was in favor of the seces- 
sion of Missouri. He organized Home Guards, who 
guarded the St. Louis arsenal, containing 65,000 stand of 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 283 

arms. Arms in the arsenal were distributed to the Guards. 
He suggested capture of the State troops under General 
Frost. With his volunteers and regulars the State Guard 
at Camp Jackson was surrounded, and he received its 
surrender. This prompt action was a large factor in the 
prevention of the secession of Missouri and Kentucky. At 
Johnston's Landing Blair took two lines of rifle-pits. 
At Chickasaw Bayou his men crossed the Bayou and 
reached the foot of the hills. He was prominent in the 
assault at Arkansas Post. He led in the assault on Vicks- 
burg May 19th, 1863. It was his division which planted 
its colors on the works. Blair made attack at Vicksburg 
May 22d. Occupied Tuscumbia after fight at Cane Creek. 
He commanded the 15th corps at Missionary Ridge. In 
the march to the relief of Knoxville, he commanded the 
right column, there being three divisions acting independ- 
ently. Commanded the force marching from Huntsville, 
Ala., on Rome and Kingston, joining the main army June 
8th. Carried Bald Hill, which gave him a full view of 
the heart of Atlanta. Atlanta, July 22d, 1864, the first 
blow against the main line struck Blair, whom the Confed- 
erates were unable to drive. Repulsed a front attack, then 
had his men spring over their parapets and fight other as- 
sailants from the reverse. During the day his corps was 
attacked first from the rear, then flank, then front. At 
Ezra Church Blair was watchful and helpful to the assailed 
right wing. In command of the 17th corps in Atlanta 
campaign, March to the Sea, and Campaign in the Caro- 
linas. He menaced Charleston from Pocotaligo. He 
forced the Confederates to give way at Orangeburg. Cap- 
tured 25 guns at Cheraw. 

Blair, Montgomery, Kentucky. Postmaster General. 
Interested the President in the idea of provisioning and 
reen forcing Fort Sumter. Opposed its surrender. Re- 
fused to remain in the cabinet if done. 

Boarman, Chas., Maryland. Naval Captain. Special 
service. 



284 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Bowerman, Richard N., Maryland. Brigadier General 
of Volunteers. Brave and good conduct at Five Forks. 
Appomattox campaign. 

Boyle, Junius J., Maryland. Commodore. Com- 
manded naval asylum at Philadelphia, 1863-65. 

Boyle, Jeremiah T., Kentucky. Brigadier General of 
Volunteers. He organized troops in Kentucky, and pre- 
pared defenses against invasion, displaying ability therein. 
Shiloh. Kentucky troops under him met Morgan, actively 
opposing, on his first raid. U. S. Military Commandant 
of Kentucky, headquarters Louisville, June 1st, 1862, to 
January 12th, 1864. 

Bradford, Jos. M., Tennessee. Lieutenant Commander. 
Commanded Nipsic. Was under fire a number of times 
at Charleston and Stono Inlet. Fleet captain South At- 
lantic Blockading Squadron, November, 1863, till the end 
of the War. Fall of Charleston. 

Bramlette, Thos. E., Kentucky. Raised a Kentucky 
infantry regiment. Governor of Kentucky, elected in 
1863. 

Brannan, J. M., District of Columbia. Major General 
of Volunteers. Defenses of Washington, November— De- 
cember, 1861. In command of Department of Key West, 
January 10th to March, 1862. In command of Port 
Royal, June to September, 1862. In command of Depart- 
ment of the South, September 6th-17th, 1862. In com- 
mand of Expedition to St. John's River, Fla., resulting in 
reduction of batteries on St. John's Bluff and evacuation 
of Jacksonville, performing daring and useful service. 
Distinction at the Battle of Jacksonville. Combat of 
Pocotaligo, driving Confederates to Pocotaligo Bridge. 
Successfully retreated to Broad River before a large force. 
St. John's Bluff. In command of the Department of the 
South, October 30th, 1862, to January 24th, 1863. In 
command of a division of the Army of the Cumberland 
in the Tennessee campaign, April to September, 1863. 
Hoover's Gap. He helped drive the Confederates from 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 285 

heights north of Garrison Creek. Evacuation of Tulla- 
homa. Passage of Elk River. At Chickamauga recon- 
noitering, he brought on the battle. He posted Croxton 
to the left, and helped press the assailing Confederates 
back. Transferred to another part of the field, he made 
a striking charge upon the victorious Confederates, driv- 
ing back the Confederates after the line of battle had been 
pierced. The second day, when Brannan was struck, after 
the Confederates had poured into a gap and separated the 
two wings of the army, his right, in swinging back under 
fire, was thrown into temporary confusion. Order was 
soon restored ; he gathered his division on Snodgrass Hill, 
a strong position, which enabled Thomas to form a line 
at right angles to the front line. Brannan resisted furious 
attacks, fighting intrepidly. Chief of Artillery, Depart- 
ment of the Cumberland, October 10th, 1863, to the end 
of the War. He arranged defenses of Chattanooga: was 
charged with preparing the fortifications for heavier guns 
and obtaining the guns and ammunition. In charge of the 
artillery of the combined armies of the Tennessee and 
Cumberland, Battle of Chattanooga. He placed guns to 
protect the crossing of the Tennessee River by the left 
wing, and aided the taking of Lookout Mountain by a 
direct artillery fire on the mountain front from across the 
river, on Moccasin Point. His guns supported the center 
in the charge on Missionary Ridge. Invasion of Georgia. 
Operations around Dalton. Resaca. Dallas. Sustained 
his reputation at Kenesaw Mountain. Passage of the 
Chattahoochee. Combat of Peach Tree Creek. Com- 
manded artillery forces in the investment of Atlanta. As- 
sault of intrenchments at Jonesboro. He made a hand- 
some showing in the Atlanta campaign. Occupation of 
Atlanta, arranging the artillery for its defense. He was 
at Chattanooga, Nashville and on inspection tours of the 
Department of the Cumberland, from October, 1864, to 
the end of the War. His record for the War is honor- 
able. 



286 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Brice, Benj. W., Virginia. Major General U. S. Army. 
Paymaster General. 

Brown, Benj. G., Kentucky. Consulted in the project 
against Camp Jackson, Mo., and was in the march against 
it. He commanded a brigade. 

Brownlow, J. P., Tennessee. Commanded a brigade in 
the Atlanta campaign with credit. 

Bruce, S. D., Kentucky. Recruited a regiment. In- 
spector General of Home Guard. He had a part in 
having the Department of the Cumberland established. 
Commanded Smithland, Ky., and built fortifications at the 
mouth of the Cumberland River. Commanded and forti- 
fied Bowling Green. At Pittsburg Landing his brigade 
was in the Army of the Ohio, crossing the river under 
fire to take part. Clarksville, Tenn., clearing the Cum- 
berland River of obstructions. He forwarded supplies 
and troops to Thomas in the Nashville campaign. 

Buchanan, Robert C, Maryland. Brigadier General of 
Volunteers. Defenses of Washington, November 27th, 
1861, to March 10th, 1862. Engaged in the Peninsula 
campaign. Before Yorktown. Seven Days' Battles. At 
Gaines' Mill he fought fiercely and with effect, ground 
being lost and regained. Glendale. Brave at Malvern 
Hill, where he helped drive a portion of the Confederates 
from the battle-ground. Main infantry rear-guard leav- 
ing there. At Second Bull Run he rendered stout service 
on the left. He fought hard to preserve the line of re- 
treat. Maryland campaign. At Antietam his brigade of 
regulars reenforced Pleasanton, who had crossed some cav- 
alry and batteries over Boonsboro bridge. Rappahannock 
campaign. Showed valor and merit at Fredericksburg. 
In command of Fort DelaAvare, March 16th to April 14th, 
1863. New Orleans, in command of 1st Infantry, De- 
cember, 1864, till close of the War. An accomplished 
infantry officer. 

Buford, John, Jr., Kentucky. Brigadier General of 
Volunteers. Chief of artillery to a corps. Attached to 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 287 

the staff of Pope. Kelly's Ford, August, 1862. Thor- 
oughfare Gap, August 28th, 1862. Commanded Pope's 
cavalry in Second Bull Run campaign. Wounded at 
Second Bull Run. Chief of cavalry in the Maryland cam- 
paign. South Mountain. Antietam. Conspicuous at 
Fredericksburg. Raid against Richmond, May, 1863. 
Beverly Ford, where his brigade attacked Confederates 
and gained ground. Aldie. Middleburg. Upperville. 
Entered Gettysburg June 30th and Confederate infantry 
withdrew. He took possession of Gettysburg, occupied 
Seminary Ridge, and placed cavalry to the north of 
Gettysburg. July 1st, he took position on McPherson's 
Ridge; met Hill's advance, and sustained the fight, using 
his horse artillery, until infantry came. Reported massing 
of Confederates north of Gettysburg and approach of 
others. After Federals retreated to Seminary Ridge, he 
threw cavalry south of the Fairfield road. He held Lane's 
brigade on Confederate right in check for some time. 
Covered retreat to Cemetery Hill. Moving out and form- 
ing for the charge, he delayed" Confederates to form 
squares in echelon, and aided the escape of the 1st corps. 
He materially assisted in forming infantry lines on Ceme- 
tery Hill. Supported the center and about 4 p. m. was 
required to make a show of force opposite Confederate 
right. His services at Wolf's hill and Round Top were 
conspicuous. At Williamsport attacked Imboden, car- 
rying wounded and prisoners to Virginia. Followed Con- 
federates to Warrenton, Va. He covered retrograde 
movement of the army to Bull Run, October, 1863. Bu- 
ford was brave and made a name as a cavalry officer. 

Buford, Napoleon B., Kentucky. Brigadier General of 
Volunteers. In command of Cairo, 1861-2. In com- 
mand of division at Jacinto, June to September, 1862. 
Belmont. Island No. 10. Commanded its garrison. He 
captured Union City by surprise after a forced march. 
Fort Pillow. Advance upon Corinth. Corinth, October 
3d, 1862. Operations against Vicksburg, February, 1863. 



288 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

In command at Columbus, Ky. Cairo, March to Septem- 
ber, 1863. Helena, September 12th, 1863, to March 9th, 
1865. 

Burbridge, Stephen G., Kentucky. Major General of 
Volunteers. Raised a regiment. Routed Confederates at 
Woodbury, Ky. Distinction at Shiloh. Expedition 
against Vicksburg. Chickasaw Bluffs. At Arkansas Post 
his men were swarming over the intrenchments when the 
white flag was raised. He was among the first to enter 
Port Gibson. Champion's Hill. Big Black River. 
Vicksburg assault, May 19th, 1863. Planted colors on 
the slope of the earthwork at Vicksburg May 22d, 1863. 
During the Atlanta campaign, Kentucky was protected 
against raiders by Burbridge. In May, 1864, he started 
for Virginia with a large mounted force. On Morgan's 
5th raid Burbridge fell upon him heavily at Cynthiana. 
Morgan, defeated, lost half his command, and marched 
back to Virginia. In September, 1864, Burbridge ad- 
vanced through eastern Kentucky, and up the Big Sandy 
River upon King's salt works. He was opposed at Lib- 
erty Hall by Giltner, and Breckenridge reached Saltville 
works first. Burbridge attacked, was repulsed, and fol- 
lowed to the Louisa fork of the Big Sandy. He held com- 
mand in Thomas' force sent against Breckenridge in De- 
cember, 1864. In command of District of Kentucky un- 
til February 10th, 1865. 

Canby, E. R. S., Kentucky. Major General of Volun- 
teers. Made acting brigadier general of U. S. forces 
in New Mexico, May, 1861. In command of the Depart- 
ment of New Mexico, November 9th, 1861, to September 
18th, 1862. Defended New Mexico against Sibley's 
formidable inroad from Texas, at Fort Craig, Valverde and 
Peralta, exhibiting judgment, courage and generalship. 
Apache Canon, Glorietta. Canby advanced to Albu- 
querque, and the Confederates having lost their wagon 
train retreated over a difficult region, suffering privation, 
and finally moved into Texas. His courage, skill and 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 289 

judgment did much to successfully suppress the draft riots 
in New York. In command of the City and Harbor of 
New York to November 15th, 1863. In command of the 
Military Division of West Mississippi, extending from 
Missouri to the mouth of the Mississippi, and from Texas 
to Florida, May 11th, 1864, to the end of the War. He 
took charge of the Red River army at Atchafalaya on re- 
treat and conducted it safely to New Orleans. The latter 
part of July, 1864, he made arrangements to cooperate 
with Farragut against Mobile. With administrative talent, 
he well organized and equipped his forces. He landed a 
division on the west end of Dauphin Island, Mobile Bay, 
August 3d, and prepared to besiege Fort Gaines. His 
vigilance prevented trans-Mississippi troops from joining 
Hood during the Atlanta campaign. After the fall of 
Atlanta, he intercepted a dispatch from President Davis 
to Kirby Smith and Magruder to cross the Mississippi 
River to join in the Tennessee campaign. He prevented 
the armies west of the river from crossing, as ordered, first 
to aid Johnston in Georgia, and then Hood against 
Thomas, by holding the best crossings with strong detach- 
ments, and keeping a floating army, in conjunction with 
the gunboat fleet, in constant motion up and down the 
river. Canby moved on Mobile in two columns. He was 
with the one from Dauphin Island. The other was from 
Pensacola. Laid siege to Spanish Fort March 27th, 1865. 
Bombardment of Spanish Fort, April 8th, by 90 land 
guns and all vessels within range. Lodgment was ef- 
fected in the evening on the Confederate right. During 
the night the garrison retreated. Canby captured 500 
men and nearly 50 guns. Fort Blakely was taken by a 
general assault April 9th, with 3,423 prisoners and more 
than 40 guns. The fleet gained the rear of Mobile by the 
Blakely and Tensas and Canby's men crossed the Bay un- 
der convoy. Forts Huger and Tracy were reduced with 
the aid of the navy. Canby entered Mobile April 12th. 
The capture of Mobile was a signal event. Occupation of 



290 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Mobile and of Montgomery. May 4th he received the 
surrender of all remaining forces east of the Mississippi, 
and May 26th of all west of the river. 

Candy, Chas., Kentucky. Cedar Mountain. Chancel- 
lorsville campaign. Gettysburg, recapture of Culp's 
Hill. Chattanooga. His brigade, with other troops, as- 
cended the mountain at Dug Gap, pushing back the Con- 
federates, May 8th, 1864. At New Hope Church his bri- 
gade repulsed its antagonists ; then, with other troops, 
pushed them back a half mile. 

Carr, Overton, District of Columbia. Commanded 
Quaker City, South Atlantic Blockading Squadron, 1861. 
Commanded navy yard, Washington, 1864—5. 

Carroll, S. S., District of Columbia. Brigadier Gen- 
eral of Volunteers. Operations in West Virginia, Decem- 
ber 7th, 1861, to May 23d, 1862. Following Jackson 
south in the Shenandoah Valley, May— June, 1862. At 
Kernstown he helped cause the retirement of Jackson's 
advance force in the morning, prior to the regular battle. 
It was Carroll's brigade which reached Port Republic June 
8th and had encounter with Jackson's vanguard. At 
Port Republic, June 9th, the first assault was repulsed by 
Carroll. Cedar Mountain. Wounded in skirmish near 
the Rapidan River, August 14th, 1862. Fredericksburg. 
Rappahannock campaign. At Chancellorsville his bri- 
gade and another attacked Stuart's flank hard. At Get- 
tysburg, when Early carried east Cemetery Hill, he was 
just in time to save it. He was dauntless and highly use- 
ful. Bristoe Station. Mine Run operations, November 
26th to December 3d, 1863. Wilderness, May 5th, sup- 
ported Getty on the plank road. Wounded, he stayed on 
the field. Next day Anderson's division took possession 
of the Federal line of intrenchments, but Carroll's bri- 
gade, at a double-quick, drove them out. He struck them 
in flank. Spotsylvania, May 10th, participating in as- 
sault upon the Confederate line northeast of the Po. He 
was twice wounded in the battles of Spotsylvania, and dis- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 291 

abled for further active service in the field. In temporary 
command of the Department of West Virginia, February- 
March, 1865. Carroll's merit during the War was recog- 
nized. 

Carter, John C, Virginia. Commodore. Commanded 
steamer Michigan on the Great Lakes in 1862-1864. 

Carter, Samuel P., Tennessee. Major General of Vol- 
unteers. Organized a Tennessee brigade. He fought well 
at Wild Cat, Ky. Mill Spring. Occupation of Cumber- 
land Gap, June 18th, 1862. He commanded a brigade in 
the successful retirement therefrom to the Ohio River. In 
December, 1862, he crossed the mountains from Kentucky 
into east Tennessee, and destroyed the railroad and 
bridges between the Virginia line and Knoxville. This raid 
was attended with valuable results, from the relief it af- 
forded the army pressed at Murfreesboro, and it stimu- 
lated cavalry commands generally. Dutton's Hill. At 
Monticello he attacked Pegram's men, and drove them with 
heavy loss. Holston. Carter's Station. Beaver Dam. 
West's. Had advance cavalry division when east Tennes- 
see was occupied, August and September, 1863. He de- 
feated Morgan's forces near Emory and Smith's at Loudon. 
At Big Creek he was attacked and most of his command 
was captured. Siege and Battle of Knoxville. Defeated 
Confederates at Jonesville. He commanded a division in 
the march through the Carolinas. Assigned to command 
of a division in the district of New Bern. Commanded 
left wing at Kinston, baffling Bragg. Commanded 23d 
corps. Occupied Goldsboro, driving out the Confederates. 

Chambliss, William P., Virginia. Bull Run and 
Peninsula campaigns. Daring at Hanover C. H. At 
Gaines' Mill he led the cavalry charge after the rout, 
which stopped the Confederate rush. He was struck by 
seven balls. 

Chapman, William, Maryland. Defenses of Washing- 
ton. Peninsula campaign. Before Yorktown. He com- 
manded a brigade of regulars in the Seven Days' Battles. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Malvern Hill. He fought bravely and well at Second Bull 
Run. 

Chetlain, A. L., Missouri. Brigadier General of Vol- 
unteers. Occupation of Paducah. Commanded post and 
forces of Smithland, Ky. Participated in the movement 
on Fort Henry. Fort Donelson. Shiloli. Prominent at 
Corinth. He commanded the post of Corinth. In com- 
mand of post and forces of Memphis from October, 1864. 
He recruited and organized colored troops of Tennessee 
and Kentucky, raising a force of 17,000 of them. 

Clay, Cassius M., Kentucky. Volunteers under him 
added to the small force of regulars under Scott constituted 
the defensive force at Washington during the week it was 
cut off from the North. He enrolled them with dispatch 
and caution. Minister to Russia, serving in influence to- 
ward the support of the Russian government for the Lin- 
coln administration. 

Cockerill, Jos. R., Virginia. Commanded a detached 
brigade during the Vicksburg campaign. Chattanooga. 

Colwell, Stephen, Virginia. Strong Federal supporter 
during the War. 

Conway, Moncure D., Virginia. Delivered beneficial ad- 
dresses in England. 

Cooke, P. St. George, Virginia. Brigadier General U. 
S. Army. Commanded the regular cavalry in the Army 
of the Potomac during the Peninsula campaign. Before 
Yorktown. Williamsburg, May 4—5. Just before the 
Seven Days' Battles, he reported Jackson's advance. 
Commanding the cavalry north of the Chickahominy he 
reported, June 26th, that Jackson was coming against the 
flank. At Gaines' Mill, when the army fled from the field, 
Cooke instantly advanced to support three reserve batter- 
ies. He charged to bring them off safe. He directed their 
effective firing. The Confederates halted, and that wing 
of the army, with the flooded river and swamp close in its 
rear, was extricated. He guarded the rear while the right 
wing crossed. Cooke destroyed the Chickahominy bridge. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 293 

He was the last general officer to leave the field. In com- 
mand of the remnant of the cavalry division present in 
the retreat from Savage Station to Harrison's Landing. 
Glendale. In command of Baton Rouge District, October 
13th, 1863, to May, 1864. General superintendent of the 
recruiting service of the army, May 24th, 1864, to the 
end of the War. 

Cooper, James, Maryland. Brigadier General of Vol- 
unteers. Took command of all the volunteers in Maryland 
and organized them into regiments. Defense of Harper's 
Ferry, May 26th to 30th, 1862. In command of Camp 
Chase. 

Cooper, Joseph A., Kentucky. Brigadier General of 
Volunteers. Was in the march through Georgia. After 
the battle of Franklin, his brigade reached Nashville after a 
narrow escape. At Nashville, his brigade lost more than 
the losses of the rest of the 23rd corps during the two 
days' battle, when he made a charge on the Federal right 
and met a force intended for a counter-blow. In com- 
mand of a division in the Carolina campaign. 

Corbin, Thos. G., Virginia. Commander. Attached to 
the steamer Wabash of the South Atlantic Blockading 
Squadron, 1861—3. Port Royal, ably aiding in the cap- 
ture of Forts Beauregard and Walker. In command of 
flag-ship Wabash, 1862-3. Steamer Augusta North At- 
lantic Blockading Squadron, 1864-5. 

Corwin, Thos., Kentucky. Minister to Mexico, 1861— 
1864. 

Craven, Thomas T., District of Columbia. Commodore. 
In command of Potomac flotilla from June 27th, 1861. 
Forts Jackson and St. Philip. Finding the Hartford 
hard aground, exposed to the fire of the forts, he kept 
alongside in the Brooklyn to divert the fire until the Hart- 
ford could get away. Silenced Fort St. Philip in pass- 
ing it. Passed Fort Jackson. Became entangled, and 
when attacked by ram Manassas and a steamer, he used 
up the steamer. He passed up the river, engaging sev- 



294 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

eral gunboats. Cool and indifferent to danger. Chalmette 
batteries. Capture of New Orleans and subsequent op- 
erations on the Mississippi. Engagement with Vicksburg 
batteries June 28th, 1862, and other engagements along 
the Mississippi up to and including Vicksburg, July, 1863. 
In 1862 placed in command of the Niagara, and served 
along the coasts of England and France the latter part of 
the War. Commanding Niagara, he followed iron-screw 
steamer Georgia, commerce-destroyer, out of Liverpool, 
and seized her outside of Lisbon. 

Crittenden, E. W., Kentucky. Commanded a brigade in 
the Atlanta campaign. 

Crittenden, Thos. L., Kentucky, Major General of Vol- 
unteers. In command of the 5th division, Army of the 
Ohio, from December 3d, 1861. Gallant and effective 
at Shiloh the second day, commanding left wing of the 
Army of the Ohio. In September, 1862, given command 
of one of the three corps of the Army of the Ohio. Perry- 
ville. He suspended movement to occupy Murfreesboro 
after finding, through prisoners, that Breckenridge's corps 
was present. Stone River — moved early toward Bragg's 
right wing, which kept Breckenridge from adding to the 
mass which later bore back the right and center. His 
corps maintained its position. He rode heroically for 
hours along his lines under deadly fire. Held the ford to 
keep Bragg from flanking the left. He sent supports to 
Thomas and aligned with him in the last position. Ex- 
erted himself in placing troops to hold the key-point. At 
night, he was opposed to retreat. January 2d, when Con- 
federates had driven Federals who were east of Stone 
River, he ordered artillery to cover the retreat, which they 
did effectually. Hoover's Gap. Occupied Chattanooga, 
September 9th, 1863. He made dispositions for defense 
September 13th: reconnoitered toward Lafayette and drove 
Confederates three miles, which disconcerted Polk and pre- 
vented him from an attack which would have caught the 
army at great disadvantage. Chickamauga, September 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 295 

19th — he sent supports to Thomas. Moved troops to fill 
a gap between him and Thomas. In command of a di- 
vision, Army of the Potomac, 1864. North Anna. Cold 
Harbor. 

Crittenden, Thomas T., Alabama. Brigadier General 
of Volunteers. Philippi. Arriving only the day before to 
take command, he faced Forrest and was defeated at Mur- 
freesboro July 13th, 1862, being captured. Released in 
October, he was in the War till May 5th, 1863. 

Crosman, A. F., Missouri. Lieutenant Commander. 
Commanded Somerset in 1862, and Wabash, 1863—4. 
Two engagements with battery Marshall on the east end 
of Sullivan's Island. Engagement with Fort Pringle on 
Stono River. Cooperated with the army on Stono 
River several times, engaging Fort Lamar once. He was 
with naval brigade on expedition to sever the railroad 
from Charleston to Savannah. Honey Hill. Deveaux 
Creek. 

Cross, Osborne, Maryland. Brigadier General U. S. 
Army. Chief Quartermaster, Army of the Mississippi, 
Pittsburg Landing, April 13th to June 13th, 1862. 
Deputy Quartermaster General, February 26th, 1863. 

Croxton, John T., Kentucky. Brigadier General of 
Volunteers. At Chickamauga, 19th, posted to the left, 
he advanced and encountered Forrest's cavalry, who called 
up infantry. Drove Confederates about a half mile. He 
was heavily engaged, but stood fast. Efficacious in de- 
feat of effort to turn Reynolds' right and rear, arriving 
just in time. On the 20th, he was wounded and his bri- 
gade suffered greatly. In the fall of 1864, Croxton com- 
manded one of the four columns converged against For- 
rest, who was moving against posts and communications 
in Tennessee of the combined armies around Atlanta. He 
reported Hood's crossing of the Tennessee River in ad- 
vance on Nashville. He led his brigade of only 1,000 
against Confederates, and then posted it for observation. 
Helped drive cavalry back upon infantry at Florence. 



296 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

He was driven across Shoal Creek by Hood's advance. 
Helped cover the retirement from Pulaski to Columbia, 
having a severe fight at the junction of the roads to 
Pulaski and Campbellsville, maintaining his position. Re- 
ported appearance of Confederate cavalry on the Duck 
River, east of Columbia. With cavalry, he covered the 
retreat from Spring Hill with skill. Franklin — pushed 
back by infantry on the Lewisburg pike, he resisted until 
2 p. M., then crossed the river and resisted Forrest. 
Helped force Chalmers back across the river. Forrest was 
held in check during the day and night. He exhibited 
valor and merit. At Nashville, December 15th, he was 
valiant, covering and relieving the right and rear. In pur- 
suit of the routed army next evening, having an encounter. 
At Buford Station, while the Confederate rear-guard, in- 
fantry and cavalry, were confronted and engaged, Crox- 
ton struck the flank, captured a number of prisoners, and 
drove the cavalry. December 25th, after Forrest had 
driven back skirmishers and captured a gun, Croxton and 
others fell upon his flank and drove him. He won honor 
in the campaign from the Tennessee River to Macon, Ga. 
His brigade was detached at Elyton to move on Tusca- 
loosa. He struck the rear-guard of a division marching 
from Tuscaloosa toward the main Federal force and in- 
terposed between it and its train. Bridgeville. Captured 
Tuscaloosa. He marched separately 653 miles, and joined 
the main force safely at Macon. He had destroyed five 
large iron-works and large supplies, and had taken four 
guns. He was given the instructions under which Presi- 
dent Davis was captured. 

Curtis, William B., Maryland. Shenandoah campaign, 
1864. Commanded a brigade at Cedar Creek. Cam- 
paign against Petersburg. Did valiant work in the cap- 
ture of Fort Gregg. Commanded a brigade in the Ap- 
pomattox campaign. He performed faithful and efficient 
service during the War. 

Cuyler, John M., Georgia. Brigadier General U. S. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 297 

Army. Lieutenant Colonel medical inspector. As senior 
medical officer at Fort Henry during the first years of the 
War, his services were of much value in organizing the 
medical department of the armies congregated there. 

Dandy, George B., Georgia. Brigadier General of 
Volunteers. Captures of Folly Island, Morris Island and 
Fort Wagner. Port Walthall Junction. Drewry's 
Bluff. Deep Bottom. Deep Run. Fussell's Mills. 
Operations around Petersburg. In command of a brigade 
taking a prominent part in the capture of Fort Gregg. 
Appomattox C. H. 

Davenport, Henry K., Georgia. Commander. At- 
tached to the Cumberland. From 1861 to 1864 he com- 
manded steamer Hetzel. Engaged in naval fight on James 
River in 1861. Commanded one of the three divisions at 
Hatteras Inlet. Commanded the Hetzel and five gun- 
boats at Roanoke Island. New Bern. Senior officer in 
command of the Sounds of North Carolina, June, 1862, 
to June, 1864, and accompanied the army on expeditions 
wherever gunboats could go. Elizabeth City. Destruc- 
tion of Confederate naval force in the Sounds. Defense of 
Fort Anderson, and repulse of Pettigrew. Investment of 
Washington, N. C. Defense of New Bern and repulse 
of Hoke. 

Davidson, John W., Virginia. Brigadier General of 
Volunteers. Defenses of Washington from beginning of 
the War to February, 1862. Williamsburg. Lee's 
Mills. Mechanicsville occupation May 24th, 1862. 
Brave at Gaines' Mills. Savage Station. White Oak 
Bridge. Glendale. Courageous at Golding's Farm. In 
command of St. Louis, District of Missouri, February 23d 
to June 6th, 1863, directing the movement of the troops 
of the District at Pilot Knob, Fredericktown and Cape 
Girardeau, and pursuit of Confederates during Marma- 
duke's raid into Missouri in April, 1863. In command at 
Brownsville, Ark. In command at assault and capture of 
Bayou Metre, Ark. In command at Ashley's Mills. He 



298 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

moved south from Missouri and joined the troops at 
White River, Ark., in the campaign against Little Rock. 
His 6,000 cavalry had been taught as dragoons. Fought 
at Bayou Fourches, 5 miles from Little Rock. Batteries 
on the north bank aided him. After a sharp struggle of 
two hours the Confederates fell back. His crossing of the 
Arkansas River had been resisted. Price evacuated Lit- 
tle Rock, on account of Davidson's turning his position, 
and Federals captured the city. In charge of Western 
Division Cavalry Bureau March 11th to June, 1864. 
Chief of Cavalry, Military Division of West of the Mis- 
sissippi River, June 26th, 1864. In command of cavalry 
expedition from Baton Rouge to Pascagoula, November 
24th, 1864. He moved from Baton Rouge to Tan- 
gipahoa, where he broke up the railroad, destroying 
bridges, etc. ; pushed on to Franklinton and West Pas- 
cagoula, taking some prisoners, and creating alarm for 
the safety of Mobile. In command of Second Cavalry, 
March 6th, 1865, to the end. 

Davis, B. F., Alabama. Engaged before Yorktown. 
Williamsburg. Defense of Harper's Ferry, from which 
he cut his way through Confederate lines, and reached 
Greencastle, Pa. Commanded a brigade at Antietam. 
Belle Plain and vicinity. He was killed while command- 
ing a brigade at Beverly Ford. 

De KrafFt, J. C. P., District of Columbia. Commanded 
Niagara in assault on Fort McRae. Commanded Cone- 
maugh, Fort Powell, Mobile Bay. 

Denison, A. W., Maryland. Brigadier General of Vol- 
unteers. Recruited a Maryland regiment. Laurel Hill. 
Daring at White Oak Ridge, where he was wounded. 
Fought with merit at the Wilderness and Spotsylvania. 
Campaign against Petersburg and Richmond. He com- 
manded a brigade in the Appomattox campaign. 

Dent, Fred T., Missouri. Brigadier General U. S. 
Army. His services were of merit at the Wilderness and 
in front of Petersburg. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 299 

Denver, J. W., Virginia. Brigadier General of Volun- 
teers. Served in the western States, August 14th, 1861, 
to March 5th, 1863. 

Donaldson, Edward, Maryland. Commander. Com- 
manded the Sciota in the bombardment and passage of 
Forts Jackson and St. Philip, setting fire to two steam- 
boats. Passed Vicksburg June 28th, 1862. Attack on 
Vicksburg. Commanded Keystone State, North Atlantic 
Squadron, 1864. Commanded Seminole in the battle of 
Mobile Bay. 

Donaldson, Jas. L., Maryland. Brigadier General U. 
S. Army. Commanded District of Santa Fe, December 
26th, 1861, to March 9th, 1862. At Valverde saved his 
trains, indispensable to the security of New Mexico. No- 
vember 10th, 1863, he became Chief Quartermaster of the 
Department of the Cumberland, and had to provide the 
army besieged at Chattanooga with supplies to maintain its 
position. Upon him depended the forwarding from 
Nashville of nearly all of the material for the Atlanta 
campaign and March to the Sea. He thoroughly 
drilled, organized and disciplined his quartermaster and 
commissary forces as soldiers, with which, as a division, he 
did valiant service at Nashville. 

Douglass, Jos. B., Kentucky. Brigadier General of 
Enrolled Missouri State Militia, September 1st, 1863, to 
March 12th, 1865. 

Drayton, Percival, South Carolina. Commander. Com- 
manded the Pocahontas in the capture of Port Royal. Ex- 
pedition in St. Helena Sound. Reconnoissance of North 
Edisto River. Engaged in the passage of Forts Jackson 
and St. Philip. Pawnee. With the Passaic, Patapsco and 
Nahant he engaged Fort McAllister. Fernandina. He 
took possession of Fort Clinch, the first United States fort 
retaken. Bombardment of Fort Sumter, April 7th, 1863, 
and other operations of the South Atlantic Squadron be- 
tween January and July, 1863. Fleet commander of the 
West Gulf Squadron. Commanded Hartford and fleet 



300 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

captain at the Battle of Mobile Bay, with high service. 
He was brave and able, and a good organizer and admin- 
istrator of detail. He fought with energy, devotion and 
zeal. 

Duval, I. H., Virginia. Brigadier General of Volun- 
teers. Fought at Opequon with valor and merit. He 
performed courageous and worthy service in the War. 

Dyer, A. B., Virginia. Brigadier General U. S. Army. 
Chief of Ordnance, U. S. Army. In command of Spring- 
field armory, August 22d, 1861, to September 12th, 1864, 
he largely extended its machinery for increasing the manu- 
facture of small arms. He invented a projectile for can- 
non. 

Easton, L. C, Missouri. Brigadier General U. S. 
Army. Chief Quartermaster Army of the Cumberland in 
the field December 15th, 1863, to May 4th, 1864. Pres- 
ent at the operations of the campaign from Chattanooga 
to Atlanta, and to the end of the War. Chief quarter- 
master of the armies in the Atlanta campaign. 

Edwards, John, Kentucky. Brigadier General of Vol- 
unteers. Commanded a brigade in the march from Lit- 
tle Rock to join the Red River expedition, the march be- 
ing opposed by Price with cavalry. 

Ellet, Chas. R., District of Columbia. In command of 
steam ram expedition, 1862. Commanded Queen of the 
West in Red River cruise. He burnt three steamers, re- 
turned and captured two. Commanded the Monarch at 
Arkansas Post, January 10th— 11th, 1863, and helped cut 
off retreat by the ferry. Passed Vicksburg batteries south 
the night of February 3d, 1863. Commanded Queen of 
the West in movement toward Vicksburg. Commanded 
Switzerland in passage of Port Hudson, March 14th and 
15th, 1863; passage of Vicksburg, March 25th, 1863, and 
siege of Vicksburg. He was in the passage of Grand 
Gulf. 

Emory, W. H., Maryland. Major General of Volun- 
teers. In command of the troops at Forts Cobb, Smith, 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 301 

Washita and Arbuckle, I. T., at the beginning of the War, 
which he concentrated at Arbuckle. He captured advance 
guard of Confederate Texas forces, and safely reached 
Fort Leavenworth, Kan., May 31st. Defenses of Wash- 
ington, August 16th, 1861, to March 10th, 1862. Be- 
fore Yorktown. Williamsburg. At Hanover C. H. he 
commanded cavalry with some artillery, participating in 
dislodging Confederates, and clearing the army's right 
flank, Confederates suffering loss. He fought with 
bravery and credit. Seven Days' Battles. Harrison's 
Landing. In command of the defenses of Yorktown, 
August— September, 1862. Organized infantry division 
at Baltimore, October— November, 1862. With the army 
in Louisiana in 1863. Attack on Port Hudson, March 
13th, 1863, reaching the rear of Port Hudson. Camp 
Bisland. Irish Bend. Emory's division and another were 
left to hold Taylor in position, while a third tried to gain 
Taylor's rear. Taylor fell back, was attacked next day, 
and 1,800 Confederates were captured. Defense of New 
Orleans. In June Taylor created alarm for the safety 
of New Orleans, appearing near on the west bank of the 
Mississippi. Emory, in command at New Orleans, as- 
sured its safety. Donaldsonville. Red River campaign, 
December, 1863, to July, 1864. Pleasant Grove — 
when troops ahead were driven back from Sabine Cross 
Roads, Emory was advancing. He met the routed troops 
at Pleasant Grove. His men forced their way through 
the fugitives and formed. He was attacked quickly, Tay- 
lor pressing heavily on his right, but McMillan was 
brought up and the pursuit was checked about night. His 
skill and the valor and discipline of his troops were ef- 
ficacious. He displayed unwonted bravery. He fell back 
at midnight, and covered the retreat of fifteen miles next 
day to Pleasant Hill. He took position there. Confed- 
erates attempted to turn the Federal right, and his third 
brigade was moved to that flank, which later was heavily 
struck. Taylor attacked the Federal left. Emorv's 



302 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

other brigades were forced back. The Confederates were 
driven in turn. Emory ordered a charge of McMillan's 
brigade which was of vital consequence. Emory was in 
command of the troops engaged. The Federals held the 
field till night, then fell back. At Cane River, Emory, 
commanding the army, sent a force to ford the river three 
miles above the ferry and turn Bee's left flank, while 
Emory engaged him in front. This was successfully done, 
carrying the position, and Bee was driven off, clearing the 
way for the army to march back to Alexandria. In com- 
mand of the 19th corps. Marksville. In command of 
U. S. Federal forces at Morganzia, June, 1864. Defense 
of Washington, Early appearing before the works there 
July 11th, 1864. Some of Emory's division arrived in 
defense before 2 p. m. He defended the city that day 
and the next, Early retiring at night. Following Early 
from Washington to the Shenandoah, August, 1864. 
Commanding the 19th corps, he fought with bravery and 
merit in the Shenandoah campaign, August— November, 
1864. Opequon — Emory crossed, broke the first line of 
Early's left, and threw it into confusion. Fisher's Hill — 
by night he and others were on the heights of Strasburg. 
At Cedar Creek he held the center. When the left wing 
was quickly routed, he attempted unsuccessfully to form 
a line. His corps repulsed the first appearance in their 
front. When the Confederates reached their rear, they 
broke to the west, and retreated north a mile and a half. 
Then he formed a line. Under orders he fell back an- 
other mile and prepared for action. The Confederates 
charged him unsuccessfully. In the afternoon the Fed- 
erals took the offensive, and Emory's corps broke Gordon's 
line on the extreme Confederate left. Early's end brigade 
was not in touch with the next. Emory's troops envel- 
oped the Confederate left, drove it back, and the Federals 
reached their morning camp. In permanent command of 
the 19th corps, November 7th, 1864, to the end of the 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 303 

War. Emory was a thorough soldier, resourceful and 
dauntless. He had the capacity to command. 

Evans, Andrew W., Maryland. Was brave and useful 
at Valverde. He commanded a cavalry brigade in the 
campaign around Petersburg. Cavalry action at Ap- 
pomattox C. H. 

Fairfax, Donald McN., Virginia. Commander. Board- 
ing of Trent and taking Mason and Slidell therefrom. 
Commanded Cayuga, Nantucket and Mont auk. In com- 
mand of naval forces between New Orleans and Port Hud- 
son in 1862, cooperating with the army at Donaldsonville. 
Pursuing the Arkansas was in sight when she was set on 
fire. Operations of South Atlantic Squadron between 
January and July, 1863. Commanded Nantucket in the 
attack on the outer forts of Charleston Harbor, April 7th, 
1863. He commanded the Mont auk in the attack on Fort 
Wagner, July 10th, 1863. Operations before Charles- 
ton until August 25th, 1863. 

Farragut, David G., Tennessee. Vice Admiral. Sailed 
from Fortress Monroe carrying an army for New Orleans, 
February 25th, 1862. He assumed command of the 
West Gulf Blockading Squadron. Passage of Forts 
Jackson and St. Philip, above the mouth of the Mississippi, 
in wooden ships. A fire raft was pushed against his flag- 
ship, the Hartford, and she struck a shoal. Eleven Con- 
federate vessels were destroyed. Hartford was in the first 
brunt in the passage of the Chalmette batteries. Farragut 
captured New Orleans. Took Forts Jackson and St. 
Philip. He captured Baton Rouge and Natchez. Vicks- 
burg was beset, and the Vicksburg batteries were passed. 
He bombarded Vicksburg from June 26th, 1862. June 
28th in the Hartford, with six other vessels, he ran the 
batteries and joined the other fleet above Vicksburg. He 
repassed the batteries, attacking the Arkansas in passing. 
He was blockading in the Gulf during 1862. Captured 
Corpus Christi, Sabine Pass and Galveston. After Ma- 



304 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

gruder recaptured Galveston and captured the Harriet 
Lane, Farragut reestablished the blockade before the Har- 
riet Lane could be converted into a Confederate cruiser. 
From January, 1863, he was employed in conjunction with 
the army in forcing a way into the interior of Louisiana. 
Ran by Port Hudson, the Hartford leading, and estab- 
lished communication with the upper Mississippi fleet and 
with the army operating against Vicksburg. He reached 
the mouth of the Red River, and blockaded it till May 2d. 
He gave the navy command of Red River, and enabled the 
Federals to turn Port Hudson from the west by the 
Atchafalaya. Engaged the batteries at Port Hudson. 
He passed Grand Gulf with three gunboats. Destroyed 
Confederate gunboats and prevented supplies from reach- 
ing Port Hudson during its investment. Maintained com- 
munications for the army operating against Port Hudson. 
Farragut's command up to May, 1863, included the Mis- 
sissippi River as far as Vicksburg, and all its tributaries 
below, and the coasts from Pensacola to the west boundary 
of Texas. He sent expedition up the Red River, co- 
operating with the army, in the spring of 1863. Captured 
Alexandria. After May 7th he operated against Port 
Hudson from below. Participated from the river in the 
army assaults on Port Hudson May 27th and June 14th, 
1863. Assisted in investment of Port Hudson, bombard- 
ing daily, and in its capture. Attack on Donaldsonville 
was repulsed by Farragut's gunboats, which fought hard. 
He kept before Mobile from the beginning of 1864 to its 
capture. Made a reconnoissance of Forts Gaines and 
Morgan, Mobile Harbor. Attacked Fort Powell, Mobile 
Harbor, from February 22d to March 2d, 1864. At the 
Battle of Mobile Bay, Farragut had the forts, torpedoes, 
formidable iron-clad Tennessee and three gunboats to con- 
tend with. The Confederate vessels, in position across the 
entrance to the Bay, raked fore and aft, doing great dam- 
age. A monitor having been sunk by a torpedo, Far- 
ragut passed to the head of the wooden vessels, going over 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 305 

torpedo ground. He passed Forts Gaines and Morgan. 
The Selma raked his flag-ship, the Hartford, fore and aft. 
The Gaines was crippled by the Hartford, ran aground 
and was set on fire. The Selma was captured. The fleet 
passed the forts and anchored in the deep water of the 
Bay. Later the Tennessee attacked the fleet. Vessels of 
the fleet fired broadsides and attempted to ram her. She 
made for the Hartford. The two slid against each other. 
A shot cut the Tennessee's rudder and she could be steered 
no longer. She surrendered. 280 prisoners were taken 
with the Tennessee and Selma. Fort Powell was evacuated 
that night. He attacked Fort Morgan after that, bom- 
barding daily. Heavily bombarded it August 22d, dis- 
abling all but two of its guns. The garrison of 400 men 
surrendered with the Fort next day. Farragut's entrance 
into Mobile Harbor obviated having the army around At- 
lanta move against Mobile. 104 guns and 1,464 men were 
taken in the operations. The battle stopped blockade-run- 
ning into Mobile. The victory served especially in the 
critical campaign for the presidency then waging. Far- 
ragut had a temporary command in James River, where 
he was stationed at the time of the fall of Richmond. 
Farragut had quickness of perception and resolution in the 
midst of conflict. His work on the water was of permeat- 
ing value. His victories have place among the great naval 
exploits of the world. 

Farrar, Bernard G., Missouri. Brigadier General of 
Volunteers. Commanded a brigade in the siege of Vicks- 
burg. 

Fillebroun, T. Scott, District of Columbia. Lieutenant 
Commander. Commanded Chenango. Commanded Pas- 
saic against Fort Sumter in May, 1864. Mont auk, op- 
erating against Battery Pringle in Stono River, July, 
1864. Sonoma, Tagodo River, engagement with batter- 
ies, February, 1865. Bull's Bay expedition, followed by 
the fall of Charleston. 

Fletcher, Thos. C, Missouri. Brigadier General of 



306 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Volunteers. Recruited one Missouri regiment and or- 
ganized two more. Wounded at Chickasaw Bayou. 
Lookout Mountain. Commanded a brigade in the Atlanta 
campaign. At Pilot Knob he commanded infantry 
forces with address. Elected governor of Missouri, No- 
vember, 1864. 

Flusser, Chas. W., Maryland. Lieutenant Commander. 
Commanded Commodore Perry at Roanoke Island. At 
Cobb's Point he sunk the Confederate flag-ship Seabird. 
The Confederate fleet was destroyed. Vessels went up to 
Elizabeth City and took it. He took possession of Ply- 
mouth, and held it. Was in command of expedition sent 
by Goldsborough to the North Carolina rivers leading into 
the sounds, capturing Hamilton. Shelling of Franklin, 
Va., commanding three vessels in the expedition. The 
Commodore Perry was fired on by soldiers. She ran 
ashore ; then fought hard. Fort Macon. South Mills. 
Confederates assaulted Fort Gray, Plymouth, April 18th, 
and were driven back by Flusser with the Miami and 
Southfield. The Confederate ram Albemarle came down 
the river toward Plymouth. Flusser, with the Miami and 
Southfield lashed together, hoped to run his vessels so as 
to get the Albemarle between them. The Albemarle ran 
her prow into the side of the Southfield, sinking her. The 
Albemarle's chain plates were entangled, and she was 
borne partly down with the Southfield. Flusser person- 
ally fired the first three shots into her from the Miami 
alongside. He was killed by a fragment of a shell. An 
attempt to board the Albemarle was defeated. Flusser 
was fearless and of conspicuous efficiency. 

Force, M. F., District of Columbia. Brigadier General 
of Volunteers. Fort Donelson. Shiloh. Port Gibson. 
Raymond. Champion's Hill. Vicksburg assault, May 
22d, 1863. Siege of Vicksburg. Charged Bald Hill, at 
Atlanta, with support, and carried it, losing heavily. 
Conspicuous before Atlanta, charging upon Confederate 
works, and, after their capture, defending his position un- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 307 

til severely wounded, July 2d, 1864. March to the Sea. 
He commanded a division in the Carolina campaign. 

Foster, James P., Kentucky. Lieutenant Commander. 
Commanded Neosho. Commanded the Chillicothe in ex- 
pedition down the Yazoo, performing valuable services. 
The Chillicothe and another vessel attacked Fort Pember- 
ton on three different days. The Chillicothe was dam- 
aged. The command of the expedition, which included a 
large number of troops, devolved on Foster. He did ef- 
fective work during the bombardment and siege of Vicks- 
burg. He commanded the Lafayette from January 1st, 
1864, and in the Red River campaign. 

Frailey, J. M., Maryland. Commander. Commanded 
the Quaker City. Engaged in operations of South At- 
lantic Squadron between January and July, 1863. He 
helped resist the Confederate rams Chicora and Palmetto 
State off Charleston, going with others to the aid of the 
Keystone State when she was rendered helpless, and she was 
saved. His vessel was partly disabled. He commanded the 
Quaker City, North Atlantic Squadron, in 1864. Com- 
manded the Tuscarora in both attacks on Fort Fisher. 

Fremont, J. C, South Carolina. Major General U. 
S. Army. In Europe when the War broke out, he bought 
a large supply of arms in France. He returned in May. 
The arms arrived at Boston June 27th. It is claimed that 
he conceived the idea of iron-clad vessels to penetrate the 
southern country, which resulted in the capture of Forts 
Henry and Donelson and Nashville, etc. The idea was 
that, if the boats were made shot-proof by heavy iron 
armor, the Confederate country could be pierced by every 
navigable river. In command of " The Western Depart- 
ment " from July 25th, 1861, consisting of Illinois, Mis- 
souri, and all the other States and Territories lying between 
the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains. He se- 
cured the reenlistment of many Home Guards, and fortified 
St. Louis. With nearl}' 4,000 troops he proceeded to Cairo, 
strengthening Prentiss, and placing it in security. This 



308 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

caused Polk to order Pillow to evacuate New Madrid, and 
hasten to Randolph and Fort Pillow on the Tennessee 
side. The Benton was a wrecking boat bought by Fre- 
mont and converted into a strong iron-clad. He ordered 
the movement on Paducah, which was occupied in conse- 
quence. He proclaimed martial law in St. Louis upon 
news of the defeat at Wilson's Creek. He set more than 
20,000 soldiers in motion southward September 27th, 1861, 
under Hunter, Pope and others. He occupied Springfield, 
Mo. Commanding the Army of the West he caused 
Price's retirement to the southwest comer of Missouri. 
Relieved of command of the Department of the West, No- 
vember 2d, 1861. March 29th, 1862, he assumed com- 
mand of the Mountain Department, including western Vir- 
ginia, eastern Kentucky and east Tennessee as far as 
Knoxville. When Jackson appeared against the Federal 
force at McDowell, he sent forward a support. Cross 
Keys. 

French, William H., Maryland. Major General of 
Volunteers. In command of Key West, March 27th to 
November, 1861. Defenses of Washington, November 
30th, 1861, to March, 1862. Advance upon Manassas 
and the Rappahannock, March, 1862. Before York- 
town, April 5th to May 4th, 1862. He sustained a heavy 
attack at Fair Oaks and led a bayonet charge in person. 
He and D. B. Bimey pushed the Confederates back. His 
fighting was noted. Oak Grove. At Gaines' Mill, his bri- 
gade and another prevented a rout by coming up as the 
wing north of the Chickahominy was being swept from the 
field. He advanced boldly, and the Confederate pursuit 
was arrested. He covered the retreat. Peach Orchard, 
acting as rear-guard. Savage Station. White Oak 
Bridge. Glendale. In command of the rear-guard on 
retreat to Malvern Hill. Malvern Hill. South Moun- 
tain. Antietam — drove D. H. Hill's division from about 
the Roulette and Clipp Farm buildings. He made some 
progress, taking prisoners. His division and another took 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 309 

the " Bloody Lane." He was conspicuous. At Fred- 
ericksburg his division made the first attack on Marye's 
Heights. His services were important at Chancellors- 
ville. After the Third Corps fell back, his and another di- 
vision charged the Confederate left, which somewhat re- 
lieved the Third Corps. In command of the Harper's 
Ferry District, June 27th— 30th, 1863, guarding lines of 
communication and threatening those of Lee, July 1st to 
4th, 1863. He sent a raiding party from Frederick 
which destroyed Lee's pontoon bridge at Falling Waters, 
and delayed his crossing of the Potomac after the battle 
of Gettysburg. In command of the 3d corps from July 
7th, 1863. Joined in following Lee after Gettysburg, be- 
ing engaged in several sharp actions. Manassas Gap. 
Rapidan campaign. Auburn. In authority over the 2d 
and 3d corps he forced the passage of the Rappahannock 
at Kelly's Ford, November 7th, 1863, enabling the Fed- 
eral army to cross and move south. Commanded the 3d 
corps in the operations at Mine Run, November 26th— 
30th, 1863. He was engaged at Payne's Farm. In com- 
mand of the troops assembled at Havre de Grace during 
the menace of Washington, July, 1864. In garrison at 
Fort McHenry, December 27th, 1864, to January 5th, 
1865. Chief and Inspector of Artillery of the Middle 
Department, January 5th, 1865, to the end of the War. 
For the War, his services were of merit. 

Fry, C. H., Kentucky. Acting paymaster general. 

Fry, S. S., Kentucky. Brigadier General of Volun- 
teers. At Mill Springs he formed his men, and led them 
in at the double-quick. He was attacked hard. He and 
others shot at Genl. Zollicoffer, who fell dead. Perry- 
ville. In command of a division protecting communica- 
tions at the time of the battle of Murfreesboro. 

Gamble, H. R., Virginia. As Governor, put Missouri 
on a fighting basis. 

Gardner, W. H., Maryland. Naval Captain. Com- 
mandant at Mare Island. On special service, 1862. 



310 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Garrard, Kenner, Kentucky. Major General U. S. 
Army. Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, — 
bold and useful. He held Little Round Top. Following 
Lee to Warrenton. Rappahannock Station. Mine Run 
operations. Operations around Chattanooga. Invasion 
of Georgia. Did valiant and telling work in expedition 
to Covington, Ga. He cut the railroad east of Atlanta. 
He was constantly engaged on detached expeditions, and 
was in frequent engagements during campaigns. In 1864 
he commanded a cavalry division of the Army of the Cum- 
berland. Dashing and efficient in the battle of Nashville. 
Operations against Mobile, March 10th to April 13th, 
1865. He led the storming column which captured Fort 
Blakely. Movement upon Montgomer}\ The merit of 
his services during the War was recognized. 

Garrard, T. T., Kentucky. Brigadier General of Vol- 
unteers. Was with S. P. Carter in his raid into southwest 
Virginia and east Tennessee, December, 1862. Port Gib- 
son. Champion's Hill. Big Black River. Vicksburg as- 
saults, May 19th and 22d, 1863. 

Gatling, Richard J., North Carolina. Inventor of the 
Gatling gun, used by the Army of the James on James 
River. 

Getty, George W., District of Columbia. Major Gen- 
eral U. S. Army. An able artillerist, he was in command 
of the artillery in the engagements with Confederate bat- 
teries near Budd's Ferry, November and December, 1861. 
Before Yorktown. Peninsula campaign. Gaines' Mill. 
Malvern Hill. South Mountain. Antietam. He com- 
manded a division at Fredericksburg. Commanding a 
division, he was courageous and useful in the operations 
about Suffolk, during its defense, April 11th to May 3d, 
1863. In command of storming column in assault of 
Hill's Point. With naval help the works and battery of 
5 guns and 130 men were captured. He made a recon- 
noissance and commanded in an engagement at Providence 
church road. In command of expedition from White 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 311 

House to South Anna bridges, July 1st— 8th, 1863. Act- 
ing Inspector General, Army of the Potomac, January 
27th to March 18th, 1864. At the Wilderness, Getty's 
division was moved out by the Brock road to try to 
drive Hill back. He advanced, the fighting became very 
fierce and his bravery was marked. He was severe- 
ly wounded. Richmond campaign. March from White 
House to James River, June, 1864. Movement against 
Petersburg. Expedition to Reams Station and Wel- 
don Railroad. He served in defense of Washing- 
ton, facing Early, July 11th and 12th, 1864. Fol- 
lowing of Early to the Shenandoah Valley, July 13th 
to August 9th. Shenandoah campaign, August 10th to 
December 2d, 1864. Charlestown. Opequon — crossing 
the stream, he fought vigorously and well. At Fisher's 
Hill his division did good work. Cedar Creek — command- 
ing the 6th corps, or right wing, during part of the battle 
and his division the remainder. He made a show of re- 
sistance when the 19th corps was surprised, with Confed- 
erates in their rear, the left wing having been stampeded 
and made off to the west and then moved north. The 
6th corps fell back toward the 19th and two of its divi- 
sions lined up on its left by 11 a. m. Then the two di- 
visions marched back to the front. Getty's own division 
was at the front. This division and the cavalry had been 
the only troops resisting the Confederates after the rout 
of the left and center. With Pegram and Ramseur before 
the front of the 6th corps, Wharton had advanced against 
its left, but fell back before its efforts. Getty's troops 
made themselves felt against the Confederate advance. 
Operations against Petersburg, December 12th, 1864, to 
April 2d, 1865. His fighting in the assault of March 
25th, 1865, was soldierly. Assault of April 2d upon the 
Petersburg works. Appomattox campaign. Sailor's 
Creek. Farmville. Present at the capitulation of Lee. 
March to Danville and to and about Washington April 
10th to the end of the War. 



312 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Gherardi, Bancroft, Louisiana. Lieutenant Commander. 
Fort Macon. Commanded Chocura, 1863-4. At Mobile 
Bay, commanding the Port Royal, he showed coolness and 
courage. He joined in the chase of the Morgan^ Gaines 
and Selma. He commanded the Pequot and Mohican. 

Gibson, Charles, Virginia. Called a mass-meeting in 
St. Louis, which was of weight in determining the action 
of the convention — 302 against secession. Wrote to 
Washington urging removal of arms from St. Louis to 
Illinois. 

Gibson, Horatio G., Maryland. Brigadier General of 
Volunteers. Defenses of Washington, December 19th, 
1861, to March 10th, 1862. Before Yorktown. Williams- 
burg. Helped guard the rear on the retreat to Malvern 
Hill, June 25th-29th, 1862. South Mountain. Antietam. 
Fredericksburg. Chief of Artillery, Army of the Ohio, 
April 20th, 1863, to January 22d, 1864. In command of 
District of North Central Kentucky, February 22d to 
April 9th, 1864. In command at Loudon, Tenn., October 
12th to November 18th, 1864. Engaged in opening com- 
munication from Knoxville with troops engaged at Straw- 
berry Plains, November 18th— 20th, 1864. Under Ammen 
covering raid into southwest Virginia, December 10th— 
20th, 1864. In command of Knoxville and a brigade, 
January 28th, 1865, to the end. 

Gibson, William, Maryland. Lieutenant Commander. 
Commanded steamer Yankee, Potomac flotilla, 1862. He 
was present during the various operations on the James 
River while the army occupied Harrison's Landing, and 
guarded with three gunboats the recrossing of the Chicka- 
hominy. He captured several vessels in a night expedition 
up Chip Oaks Creek. Commanded steam gunboat Seneca, 
South Atlantic Blockading Squadron, 1862—3. He was 
senior officer on the Ogeechee, January, 1863, blockading 
Confederate war steamer Nashville. Engaged in operations 
of the South Atlantic Squadron between January and July, 
1863. Commanded Seneca in combined attack on Fort 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 313 

Wagner, July 18th, 1863. Engaged in three attacks on 
Fort McAllister and the destruction of the Nashville. 
Commanded iron-clad Catskill, steam gunboat Nepsic, 
steamer Sonoma and iron-clad Lehigh, 1864. In frequent 
engagements with batteries near Charleston. Commanded 
Mahaska, 1865. 

Gilbert, Jas. I., Kentucky. Major General of Volun- 
teers. Distinguished gallantry at Franklin. Nashville. 
Faithful and meritorious service during the campaign 
against Mobile and its defenses. 

Gillem, Alvan C, Tennessee. Brigadier General of Vol- 
unteers. Defense of Fort Taylor, Fla., from the begin- 
ning of the War to October, 1861. Was bold and efficient 
at Mill Springs. In command of siege artillery and chief 
quartermaster, Army of the Ohio, February to June, 1862. 
Shiloh. Advance upon Corinth. Operations in Tennes- 
see during the first half of 1863. As Adjutant General of 
Tennessee, June 1st, 1863, to April 1st, 1865, he created 
a creditable body of soldiers. April 11th, 1864, he took 
command of a Tennessee division of cavalry. Surprise 
and killing of Morgan while on his way to attack Gillem. 
Drove Vaughn out of his works at Carroll Station. De- 
feated Confederates at Morristown, taking 500 prisoners 
and 13 guns. At Bull's Gap, after repulsing two attacks, 
he was worsted. Near Wj'theville. At Kingston he 
badly defeated a Confederate force. At Marion he fought 
bravely and well, routing Vaughn and pursuing to Wythe- 
ville. The lead mines there were destroyed. Capture of 
Saltville. Gillem's division left Knoxville, March 20th, 
1865, and destroyed the Virginia & Tennessee Railroad 
from Wytheville nearly to Lynchburg, first moving into 
North Carolina. Defeat of Confederates and capture of 
Salisbury. Near Asheville. 

Gillespie, George L., Tennessee. Chief Engineer to 
cavalry force. Waynesboro. Ashland. Dinwiddie C. 
H. Five Forks. Sailor's Creek. Appomattox Station. 
Capitulation at Appomattox C. H. 



314 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Glendy, William M., Virginia. Commodore. 

Goldsborough, John R., District of Columbia. Naval 
Captain. Commanded the Union, blockading off Charles- 
ton, Savannah, Cape Hatteras and in the Potomac flotilla, 
1861. He captured and sunk the Confederate schooner 
York. Bombarded the fort off Point Mathias on the Po- 
tomac. Commanded the Florida in 1862. Capture of 
City and forts around Fernandina, — Forts Clinch and 
St. Mary. Commanded the Colorado in 1863. 

Goldsborough, L. M., District of Columbia. Rear Ad- 
miral. Commanded the Minnesota, September, 1861. In 
command of the North Atlantic Squadron, which included 
operations in the Chesapeake and tributary waters, and 
in the North Carolina sounds and the Wilmington block- 
ade. He planned and executed the joint army and navy 
expedition to the sounds of North Carolina, capturing 
Roanoke Island. He was present, landed troops, passed 
obstructions, and afterwards had the Confederate fleet cap- 
tured in Pasquotank River. New Bern was occupied by a 
detachment of his flotilla squadron. Cooperating with the 
army's advance up the Peninsula upon Richmond, he sent 
seven gunboats into the York River. While the army was 
fighting May 1st, 1862, his fleet shelled Confederate ar- 
tillery posted on a hill to the left, and forced it to retire. 
Capture of Fort Macon and garrison. His fleet engaged 
and silenced batteries at Sewell's Point, leading to the 
evacuation of Norfolk, and he passed up to Norfolk. His 
command of the North Atlantic Squadron extended from 
September, 1861, to September, 1862. 

Gorman, W. A., Kentucky. Brigadier General of Vol- 
unteers. Bull Run. He led a bayonet charge at Fair 
Oaks. Exerted himself to hold the line when an attempt 
was made to turn the Federal right. His brigade led the 
division coming to the support of Abercrombie when about 
to be overwhelmed. At Savage Station his line gave, then 
held, and the Federals made a stand to the day's end. 
South Mountain. Antietam. He rose to the command 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 315 

of a division. With troops in transports, he was in the 
expedition up the White River, January, 1863. St. 
Charles was taken. He commanded Helena, Ark. 

Graham, Lawrence P., Virginia. Brigadier General U. 
S. Army. Superintended cavalry recruiting service and 
commanded depot, Carlisle Barracks, Pa., to September, 

1861. He organized and commanded a cavalry brigade 
at Washington, D. C, in the Army of the Potomac 
to April, 1862. His services during the War were of 
merit. 

Graham, Wm. M., District of Columbia. Peninsula 
campaign. Antietam. He commanded an artillery bri- 
gade at Chancellorsville. Gettysburg. Commanded a bri- 
gade of horse artillery in the Army of the Potomac, Au- 
gust, 1863, to April, 1864. He was courageous and capa- 
ble. 

Greene, S. Dana, Maryland. Executive officer of the 
Monitor from January 24th, 1862, until she foundered. 
Fighting the Virginia, he had charge of the guns in the 
Monitor's turret, and personally fired every shot until near 
the close of the action, when he took command. Engage- 
ment with Confederate batteries at Drewry's Bluff, May, 

1862. James River flotilla, June to September, 1862. 
On the Florida in 1863. Iroquois. 

Guest, John, Missouri. Commander. In command of 
the boats of the Niagara, he cut out the steamer Aid 
under the guns of Fort Morgan, Mobile Bay, in August, 
1861. He commanded the Owosco in the bombardment 
and passage of Forts Jackson and St. Philip, and capture 
of New Orleans. Battles on the Mississippi up to and 
including Vicksburg. He commanded the Owosco at the 
capture of the forts at Galveston. Commanded the 
Sangamon, the first U. S. vessel fitted with a spar tor- 
pedo — his invention. In command of the Lehigh and 
Galatea. The Iosco was effective at Fort Fisher Decem- 
ber 24th, 1864. He commanded her at both of the Fort 
Fisher engagements. 



316 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Guitar, Odon, Kentucky. Brigadier General ?*lissouri 
State Militia. 

Guthrie, Jas. V., Kentucky. Helped establish Camp 
Clay and raise two regiments of Kentucky infantry. 

Hagner, P. V., District of Columbia. Brigadier Gen- 
eral U. S. Army. Lieutenant Colonel of Ordnance. 

Hall, George H., Virginia. Brigadier General Missouri 
State Militia. At Springfield, Mo., January 8th, 1863, 
he was ordered forth with his cavalry to meet Marmaduke's 
advance. He contested it and fell back. In the battle, 
upon an advance of Shelby, Hall made a sortie. He 
helped repulse an attack on the Federal right. 

Hamilton, Andrew J., Alabama. Brigadier General of 
Volunteers. Military Governor of Texas. Lie was sent 
to command troops at Matamoras. 

Hammond, William A., Maryland. Brigadier General 
U. S. Army. Surgeon General. 

Harlan, John M., Kentucky. Brigadier General of Vol- 
unteers. Morgan's third raid, December, 1862, was met 
at Rolling Fork by Harlan, a great part of whose troops 
were Kentuckians. 

Harney, William S., Tennessee. Brigadier General U. 
S. Army. In command of the Department of the West. 
He reported April 16th, 1861, that it appeared Governor 
Jackson intended erecting batteries on hills commanding 
the arsenal at St. Louis. He saved Leavenworth post by 
moving troops there from several forts. He issued a 
proclamation warning the people of Missouri of the evils 
of secession. He made an agreement with Price, his ob- 
ject being to prevent Missouri from seceding. Took mili- 
tary possession of St. Louis. He was arrested in April, 
1861, by Confederates. Resumed his command May 11th, 
1861. He addressed the people of Missouri, denouncing 
the military act of the Legislature as indirect secession and 
unconstitutional. 

Harrell, A. Davis, Virginia. Commander. Informed 
that a large schooner was lying in Quantico Creek, and 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 317 

that a body of troops had assembled there to cross the 
Potomac, he boarded her and set her on fire, destroying 
her October 11th, 1861. Participated in the bombard- 
ment of Forts Jackson and St. Philip, commanding the 
Miami. Commanded the Chickopee, North Atlantic Block- 
ading Squadron, 1864—5. 

Harris, Thomas M., Virginia. Brigadier General of 
Volunteers. Conspicuous at Middletown. Commanded a 
division at Cedar Creek. Operations around Petersburg. 
High conduct in assault on Petersburg. Appomattox 
campaign. He sent out the detachment that silenced the 
last Confederate guns at Appomattox. 

Harrison, N. B., Virginia. Commander. Commanding 
the Cayuga he led the fleet in the passage of Forts Jackson 
and St. Philip. The Cayuga was beset by several large 
vessels. She rid herself of them and dashed up the river, 
followed by the division. She destroyed three vessels. 
He and Lee finished up the Confederate fleet. With the 
Hartford, Harrison in the Cayuga bore the first brunt of 
the action with the Chalmette batteries. Commanded the 
Mahaska in the operations before Richmond, and the re- 
treat to Harrison's Landing. He commanded Lee's flag- 
ship, the Minnesota, 1862—3. He took part in attacks on 
the South Carolina coast until the fall of Charleston. 

Harrison, T. J., Kentucky. At Chickamauga when 
Longstreet broke through the Federal line, Harrison, com- 
ing from the south, charged with a regiment of mounted 
infantry armed with Spencer repeating rifles. The result 
was important. A brigade with Spencer's also attacked, 
and the continuous firing deceived Longstreet into thinking 
a considerable force had struck his left flank. The Con- 
federates there broke and fled. They charged again with 
the same result. Three more times the Confederates 
charged and were hurled back. Harrison moved off under 
orders, taking 200 prisoners back south. Commanded one 
of Rousseau's two brigades in the expedition from Decatur 
to Opelika, which interrupted railroad communications to 



318 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Atlanta from the west, and which successfully marched on 
to a junction with the army operating against Johnston. 
Franklin. Nashville. He fought Forrest in the pursuit 
of Hood. 

Harrow, William, Kentucky. Brigadier General of Vol- 
unteers. Kernstown. Antietam. At Gettysburg he com- 
manded a brigade, and, during Pickett's charge, the 
command of the division against which Pickett struck de- 
volved upon him. Harrow's brigade charged from the 
south into the clump of trees then held by the Confederates 
near the crest of the ridge. The grove was jammed with 
Pickett's men. Pickett emerged from the woods and it 
was Harrow's lot to repulse him. His brigade had been 
behind the first line, but joined the line in the fight. 
Around Pickett's Mills, May 28th, 1864, troops of his 
division repulsed the attack of the Confederates on their 
position. 

Hawley, J. R., North Carolina. Brigadier General of 
Volunteers. Good conduct at Bull Run. Siege opera- 
tions against Charleston. Fort Morris. Fort Wagner, 
James Island. Pocotaligo. Olustee. His command and 
cavalry moved the night of June 8th, 1864, to threaten 
Petersburg. Drewry's Bluff. Deep Run. Darbytown 
Road. New Market. Operations around Petersburg. 

Haynie, I. N., Tennessee. Brigadier General of Volun- 
teers. Fort Henry. Fort Donelson. Shiloh. 

Hays, William, Virginia. Brigadier General U. S. 
Army. Defenses of Washington, September 15th, 1861, 
to March 10th, 1862. He served well in command of a 
brigade of horse artillery in the Peninsula campaign. Be- 
fore Yorktown. Williamsburg. Mechanicsville. Malvern 
Hill, commanding artillery brigade. In command of re- 
serve artillery in the Maryland campaign. Antietam. 
Fredericksburg, commanding artillery reserve. In com- 
mand of reserve artillery in the Rappahannock campaign, 
December, 1862, to May, 1863. He Mas wounded and 
captured at Chancellorsville. At Gettysburg he succeeded 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 319 

to the command of the 2d corps the evening of July 3d, 
and retained it till September 13th. Following up of Lee 
to Warrenton. In command of a division in the Richmond 
campaign. Operations around Petersburg. In the Pe- 
tersburg assault, April 2d, 1865, his division carried an 
important earthwork, with three guns and most of the 
garrison. He commanded a division in the Appomattox 
campaign, and was assigned to the artillery reserve April 
6th. He was an able artillerist, and performed hardy 
and significant service in the War. 

Henderson, Alex., District of Columbia. Chief En- 
gineer of the steam-sloop Adirondack and iron-clad Onon- 
daga. When the Confederate fleet came down James 
River, January 23d, 1865, he signaled its approach to the 
Onondaga from the army signal tower on shore. 

Henderson, Thos. J., Tennessee. Brigadier General of 
Volunteers. Performed brave and worthy service during 
the campaigns in Georgia and Tennessee, especially Frank- 
lin. He commanded a division from Beaufort in the cam- 
paign in the Carolinas. 

Henry, Guy V., Indian Territory. Brigadier General 
of Volunteers. Commanded a battery at Key West, Fla., 
and Hilton Head, S. C. Bull Run. In defenses of Wash- 
ington, July to December, 1861. Expedition to Florida, 
February 4th to April 24th, 1863. Acting Chief of Ar- 
tillery, Department of the South, June, 1863. Opera- 
tions against Charleston, July— November, 1863. Descent 
upon Morris Island. Bombardment of Fort Sumter, Au- 
gust 17th-23d, 1863. Siege of Fort Wagner. Conspic- 
uous at Pocotaligo, serving his pieces admirably. He had 
two horses shot under him. He captured a battery at 
Camp Finnegan without the loss of a man, taking about 
100 prisoners, 8 pieces of artillery and valuable property. 
In the Florida expedition he commanded a small brigade 
of cavalry and mounted infantry, marching from Jackson- 
ville to within three miles of Lake City. In the main 
movement he was in the advance. Olustee — when the 



320 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Federals were defeated he covered the retreat. Operations 
before Richmond, Bermuda Hundred, May 6th to 29th, 
1864. Drewry's Bluff, May 12th to 16th. At Cold Har- 
bor, June 1st, 1864, he led the assault of his brigade upon 
the Confederate works, and had two horses shot under 
him — one while leaping over the Confederate breastworks. 
On the extreme right, he carried the rifle-pits in front thus, 
but found the position commanded by an earthwork on the 
right flank. Operations around Petersburg, June to Sep- 
tember, 1864. Mine assault, July 30th, in front of Fort 
Harrison. The value of his brave services before Peters- 
burg and in the War was recognized. 

Hill, Bennett H., District of Columbia. Brigadier Gen- 
eral U. S. Army. In command of Key West, 1861—2, 
and of the Military District of Michigan, May 23d, 1864, 
to the end of the War. 

Hobson, E. H., Kentucky. Brigadier General of Volun- 
teers. Was at Camp Hobson till February, 1862. He 
organized a Kentucky regiment. Showed skill at Shiloh. 
Movement upon Corinth. Perryville. He commanded 
the southern division of Kentucky. He attacked Morgan 
in December, 1862, six miles from Munfordville. He 
pursued Morgan through Kentucky, Indiana and Ohio. 
His troops were the ones which ran Morgan down and 
captured him. The head of his column struck Morgan's 
rear at Buffington. He repelled raids at Lexington, Ky. 
June 11th, 1864, he tried to relieve Lexington, but was 
attacked in front, while Morgan assailed his rear, and 
compelled him to surrender. The old command of Mor- 
gan surrendered to him May 1st, 1865. 

Holland, Colley B., Tennessee. Brigadier General En- 
rolled Missouri State Militia, October 27th, 1862, to Jan- 
uary 12th, 1865. When Marmaduke moved against 
Springfield at the beginning of 1863, Holland, command- 
ing enrolled Missouri militia of the district, took steps to 
collect his command there. Springfield was saved. 

Holt, Joseph, Kentucky. Secretary of War in the 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 321 

months just preceding Lincoln's inauguration. He was 
appointed Judge Advocate General of the United States, 
September 3d, 1862. In 1864 he was placed at the head 
of the Bureau of Military Justice. Major General U. S. 
Army, March, 1865. 

Hunter, David, District of Columbia. Major General 
of Volunteers. Was charged with the duty of protecting 
President Lincoln's house and person. At Bull Run his 
division led the flank movement which started the battle. 
He was severely wounded very early in the fight. He 
served under Fremont in Missouri, and commanded one of 
his divisions. Placed in command of the Department of 
the West, November 2d, 1861. In command of the De- 
partment of Kansas from November 20th, 1861, to March 
11th, 1862. He contributed to the fall of Fort Donelson 
by sending reinforcements promptly. He commanded the 
Department of the South, March 31st, 1862, to June 3d, 
1863. He captured Fort Pulaski, Ga., April 11th, 1862, 
with naval support, closing the Savannah River to block- 
ade-runners. Capture of Buffington. Expedition against 
Charleston. In command of the Department of West 
Virginia, May 19th to August 8th, 1864. He drove Im- 
boden's cavalry out of New Market, June 1st, 1864, and 
through Harrisonburg next day. At Piedmont, in a ten- 
hour battle, he defeated the Confederates, captured 1,500 
men and 3 guns. W. E. Jones, commanding the Con- 
federates, was killed. He occupied Lexington and raided 
the Shenandoah Valley south to Lynchburg. Lee was im- 
pelled to detach a strong force to face him. He invested 
Lynchburg. Diamond Hill. Lynchburg. 

Hurlbut, S. A., South Carolina. Major General of Vol- 
unteers. In command of Fort Donelson in 1862. He 
was the first to reach Pittsburg Landing, and held it for 
a week alone. In the battle there, he fell back only when 
flanked. He withstood superior numbers five hours, and 
charged three times. He accepted the offer of the gun- 
boat Tyler's assistance and indicated the proper line of 



322 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

fire. The Confederate batteries were silenced. Sidney 
Johnston, commanding the Confederate army, fell in his 
front. Hurlbut gave information of the approach of Van 
Dorn upon Corinth. After the battle of Corinth, he led 
the pursuit. Met the Confederates at Hatchie Bridge, 
striking the head of the column. When Ord was wounded 
the command devolved on him. In command of the 16th 
corps from December 18th, 1862. He planned and di- 
rected the raid down Mississippi from Tennessee to Baton 
Rouge, which facilitated the clearing of the way for the 
campaign against Jackson and Vicksburg in May, 1863. 
In command at Memphis, September, 1863. He com- 
manded one of the two columns in the march from Vicks- 
burg to Meridian in February, 1864. In command of the 
Department of the Gulf during the last year of the War. 

Jackson, James S., Kentucky. Brigadier General of 
Volunteers. Organized a cavalry regiment. Shiloh. 
Iuka. Corinth. Athens. At Perryville, holding the left 
flank with a raw division, he was killed while leading his 
men. The battle was fought in great part by his and 
Rousseau's divisions. 

Jacob, R. T., Kentucky. Resisted with boldness and 
efficiency in the Legislature and before the people the 
effort to have Kentucky secede. He rendered active and 
useful service, especially to the Army of the Ohio in Ken- 
tucky. He helped resist Morgan's raid, following until 
his capture. He became lieutenant governor of Kentucky 
in 1863. 

Jameson, William, Virginia. Commodore. 

Jenkins, Thornton A., Virginia. Captain. Cooperated 
in preventing the forts at Key West and Dry Tortugas 
from falling into the hands of an expedition sent from 
New Orleans before the War was started. He performed 
secret service at the request of President Lincoln. He 
commanded the steam-sloop Wachusett on the James and 
Potomac rivers in 1862. He was the senior officer present 
at the repulse of the Confederates at Coggin's Point, and 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 323 

at the attack on the Federal flotilla off City Point. In 
command of steam-sloop Oneida, autumn of 1862. He 
blockaded Mobile. Fleet captain and chief of staff of 
Farragut's squadron. Commanded the Hartford. Led 
the fleet at the passage of Port Hudson, March 14th, 1863. 
Engaged batteries of Grand Gulf and Warrenton. Com- 
manded the Monongahela, temporary flag-ship, in the at- 
tack on Port Hudson ending May 28th, 1863. Surrender 
of Port Hudson, being in chief command of the naval 
forces below. He was wounded in a fight with Confed- 
erate batteries at College Point, Miss. Commanded divi- 
sion blockading the entrance to Mobile Bay, December, 
1863, to August, 1864. Commanded steam-sloop Rich- 
mond. Mobile Bay — following the Hartford, he ran 
half a mile ahead of the other vessels in the Richmond. He 
gave the Tennessee three broadsides. Surrender of Forts 
Morgan, Powell and Gaines. He was left in command of 
the Mobile Bay division until February, 1865. March 
14th, 1865, he was ordered to the James River and re- 
mained there until after Lee's surrender. 

Johnson, Andrew, North Carolina. Brigadier General 
of Volunteers. Military Governor of Tennessee. His 
courage helped hold Nashville against a Confederate force. 
As military governor, he raised 25 regiments for service 
in Tennessee. April 15th, 1865, he became President of 
the United States, and, thereby, Commander-in-chief of 
the Army and Navy of the United States. 

Johnson, Andrew W., District of Columbia. Lieutenant 
Commander. Commanded the Lehigh. Commanded the 
Mont auk in Stono River. Bull's Bay expedition, imme- 
diately before the fall of Charleston. 

Johnson, R. W., Kentucky. Major General U. S. 
Army. At the beginning of the War, he was employed 
in guarding the upper Potomac. First Shenanadoah cam- 
paign. Falling Waters. Bunker Hill. He was placed 
in command of Kentucky Home Guards, 1,200 men. He 
reached Muldraugh's Hill and helped cause Buckner to 



324 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

desist from advance of September 17th, 1861, on Louis- 
ville. Pittsburg Landing. Routed Confederates in his 
front, May 28th, 1862. Advance upon Corinth. March 
through northern Alabama, Tennessee and Kentucky. He 
was defeated near Gallatin by Morgan and captured. 
At Murfreesboro the first attack on the Federal right 
fell on his and another division. He was in reserve when 
Bragg struck and broke the right flank. He had taken all 
precautions against surprise. His outposts were driven 
in and cavalry attacked his extreme right. He formed and 
made a slight advance. Ordered up his reserve brigade. 
All were forced back. A part of his division later formed 
on Rousseau's right in the new line. His soldierly quali- 
ties shone in the battle. Advance on Tullahoma. At Lib- 
erty Gap the Confederates attacked him. They first 
attacked his center, then attempted to gain the hills so 
as to command his flank, but failed, losing 850 men, and 
withdrew. At Chickamauga, September 19th, his divi- 
sion hurried up from Crawfish Springs, arriving just in 
time to prevent the rout of the Federal left. It moved 
forward with Palmer, and, after an hour's fighting, they 
drove Cheatham back. It behaved handsomely, driving 
the Confederates a mile and a half, capturing seven guns 
and a large number of prisoners. In the evening, before 
his division and two additional brigades could be withdrawn 
to the new line, they were attacked by Cleburne's fresh 
division, supported by Cheatham's. After a heavy night 
conflict of an hour, the Confederates were repulsed. On 
the 20th, he was in the fierce struggle. When Brecken- 
ridge took in reverse the Federal left, Johnson's reserve 
helped oust him. Furious attacks upon Johnson failed. 
He fought with heroism and force. Defense of and opera- 
tions around Chattanooga, September, 1863, to May, 1864. 
In the Missionary Ridge assault his division moved up the 
hill in line and carried his part of the ridge. He cap- 
tured many troops driven north by the right wing. He 
commanded a division during the invasion of Georgia, 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 325 

May and June, 1864. Operations around Dalton. Dem- 
onstrations against Resaca. At Resaca May 14th, his and 
Newton's divisions plunged into the thicket and worked 
their way into the reentrant angle in Hardee's front. His 
division was the first to engage the Confederates. New 
Hope, Pickett's Mills, assaulting the Confederate position. 
He was struck from the flank by cavalry. He was se- 
verely wounded. He was attacked hard at Peach Tree 
Creek. Given command of the 14th corps August 6th, 
1864. He advanced the 7th, carried a line of rifle-pits 
and established a line close to the Confederate works. 
Chief of cavalry Military Division of the Mississippi, Au- 
gust 22d to October 27th, 1864. At Jonesboro, com- 
manding the 14th corps, he carried intrenchments. One 
of his divisions carried its entire front. He was dispatched 
to Nashville to equip and forward cavalry from that sta- 
tion. During Hood's advance he was assigned by Thomas 
to command a division of cavalry. At Nashville Decem- 
ber 15th his cavalry, with the cooperation of Lee's gun- 
boats, drove Confederates from their established batteries 
on the Cumberland River below Nashville. When Hood 
was routed, December 16th, Johnson was ordered to move 
rapidly by the Hillsborough pike, and, after crossing the 
Harpeth River, to turn up its south bank and fall upon 
the Confederates at or near Franklin. He struck the Con- 
federates at Franklin, and they left 1,800 of their wounded 
and 200 Federal wounded to fall into Federal hands. As- 
signed to command of the Middle District of Tennessee. 
Johnson's services during the War did him honor. 

Jones, Roger, District of Columbia. Destroyed the 
arsenal at Harper's Ferry, April 18th, 1861, preventing 
the arms from falling into Confederate hands. 

Jones, Theodore, District of Columbia. Commanded a 
brigade with spirit and credit in the Atlanta campaign. 
Campaign in the Carolinas. 

Jouett, J. E., Kentucky. Lieutenant Commander. 
Commanded a detachment of sailors and marines from the 



326 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Santee who boarded and destroyed the man-of-war Royal 
Yacht in Galveston Bay, he having a desperate hand-to- 
hand conflict with the commander of the Royal Yacht, and 
receiving two severe wounds in the right arm and right 
side and lung from a pike. He commanded the Montgom- 
ery and 7?. R. Cuyler. He captured eight blockade-run- 
ners in 1863. In the battle of Mobile Bay, in the 
Metacomet, lashed to the Hartford, he passed the forts. 
Having been permitted to cut loose, he closed with and 
captured the Selma. He captured the Gaines. Coolness, 
promptness and good conduct were displayed by him. 

Judah, Henry M., Maryland. Brigadier General of 
Volunteers. Defenses of Washington, December 19th, 
1861, to March 10th, 1862. In command of a division 
in the advance upon Corinth. In command of Fort Deni- 
son, August 23d to September 5th, 1862 ; of Covington, 
Ky., September 5th— 8th, 1862, when threatened by Kirby 
Smith. In command of the District of Western Kentucky, 
February 25th to March 1st, 1863; and of the forces at 
Bowling Green and Russellville, Ky., March to May, 1863. 
He commanded troops chasing Morgan to Buffington Is- 
land. Judah went up the Ohio River in steamboats to 
head Morgan off, and struck his flank at Buffington Island. 
In command of a division from May, 1863. At Resaca 
his division had a fierce struggle. Others coming to its 
help, a part of the Confederate intrenchments was taken. 

Kenly, John R., Maryland. Brigadier General of Vol- 
unteers. At Front Royal his losing fight against Jackson 
saved the Shenandoah army. Hagerstown. Harper's 
Ferry. Recapture of Maryland Heights. He helped fol- 
low Early when Early recrossed the Potomac into Virginia, 
July 14th, 1864. 

Kilty, A. H., Maryland. Naval Captain. Ordered to 
St. Louis in 1861, he helped organize the Mississippi flo- 
tilla. He commanded the Mound City at Island No. 10 ; 
also at Fort Pillow, where she was sunk. In command of 
expedition to the White River, Ark. The steam-chest of 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 327 

the Mound City was struck. Kilty was scalded with steam 
which filled the vessel. Troops with the vessels captured 
St. Charles. He commanded the Roanoke. 

Kirkland, William A., North Carolina. Lieutenant Com- 
mander. Movement against Mobile, resulting in its cap- 
ture. He commanded the Winnebago, 1864—5. 

Kirkwood, S. J., Maryland. Governor of Iowa during 
the War. As such he sent about fifty regiments to the 
War — nearly all for three years, the result being that 
Iowa was one of the few States in which there was no draft. 

Kurtz, J. D., District of Columbia. Chief Engineer, 
Department of Annapolis, June— July, 1861 ; and of the 
Shenandoah, August, 1861. Assistant Engineer in de- 
fense of Washington against Early, July 12th— 15th, 1864. 

Laidley, T. T. S., Virginia. Commander of Frankfort 
arsenal in 1863—4. Inspector of ordnance. 

Landram, J. J., Kentucky. Cynthiana, — Landram es- 
caping, slightly wounded, to Paris, Ky., where the next 
day he rallied and united several detachments and harassed 
Morgan in his retirement from Kentucky. He had sev- 
eral horses shot under him at Richmond, Ky. He received 
a severe wound in the head, partly blinding and incapaci- 
tating him for further active service. 

Landram, William J., Kentucky. Brigadier General of 
Volunteers. Chickasaw Bluffs. Capture of Arkansas 
Post. Port Gibson. Champion's Hill. Vicksburg assaults, 
May 19th and 22d. He commanded a division in the 
Red River campaign. Pleasant Hill. Sabine Cross 
Roads. 

Lanier, Edmund, Virginia. Commander. In command 
of the Alabama in Blockading Squadron, 1861. 

Lauman, J. G., Maryland. Brigadier General of Volun- 
teers. Served in Missouri, and was severely wounded at 
Belmont. At Fort Donelson he was one of the first to 
storm and enter the works, encountering an abatis on the 
way. Shiloh. He commanded a division in the siege of 
Vicksburg. In the assault at Jackson, Miss., July 12th, 



328 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

1863, his troops were pushed close to the Confederate 
works, and suffered great loss. 

Lee, John F., Virginia. Grandson of Richard Henry 
Lee. Judge Advocate of the United States Army to Sep- 
tember 4th, 1862. 

Lee, Samuel P., Virginia. Grandson of Richard Henry 
Lee. Acting Rear Admiral. Blockade off Charleston, 
maintaining it with the Vandalia. In the expedition 
against New Orleans, he commanded the advance division 
below Forts Jackson and St. Philip. In the battle, his 
vessel, the Oneida, was at one time engaged alone with 
both forts. It was one of the three vessels first to en- 
counter the Confederate fleet. He went to the assistance 
of the Cayuga, dispersing antagonists. He relieved the 
Varuna by driving off the two rams which had rammed 
her, forcing their burning and capturing the commander 
of the Gov. Moore; and he helped rescue the officers and 
men of the Varuna, which sank. His vessel and the Cayuga 
finished up the Confederate fleet. He participated in the 
capture of the Chalmette batteries. Lee went up to Vicks- 
burg with the gunboats, and summoned it to surrender, 
May 18th, 1862. For a time, he commanded the advance 
division below Vicksburg, and participated in both pas- 
sages of the Vicksburg batteries, the Oneida being second 
in line on each occasion. Engagement with the Arkansas 
and passage of Vicksburg southbound, July 15th. Lee 
was appointed acting rear admiral September 2d, 1862, 
and commanded the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron 
till October 12th, 1864. In the Suffolk campaign the 
Confederates moved suddenly in force to cross the Nanse- 
mond River, and thereby attack the Federals at Suffolk. 
Lee hastily moved two flotillas to hold the line of the 
river, — one of 8 gunboats in the upper Nansemond, and 
the other of 4 gunboats in the lower waters. The upper 
Nansemond flotilla, and Getty with 300 troops, captured 
Battery Huger, Hill's Point, April 19th, 1863. The 
lower Nansemond flotilla made a landing expedition to 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 329 

Chuckatuck, several miles inland. During his command 
of the North Atlantic Squadron, Lee was engaged in block- 
ading the coasts of Virginia and North Carolina, and 
zealously cooperating with the armies in the defense of 
Norfolk, New Bern and Washington, fighting with their 
iron-clads and heavy fortifications in Trent's Reach, and 
their field batteries along the line of communication on 
James River, always securely held by him. He perfected 
and maintained a vast blockade. He originated the system 
of a girdle of cruisers, which isolated the Confederacy 
from foreign recruits, supplies and munitions of war. 54 
blockade-runners were captured or destroyed by the fleet 
under him. On May 5th, 1864, he brought up the Army 
of the James, 40,000 strong, to Bermuda Hundred. His 
fleet protected the right flank of that army during May. 
In September, 1864, Lee spoke about the Albemarle, and 
approved one of two plans submitted for her destruction, 
and had it submitted to the Washington authorities. Or- 
ders were given for the purchase of suitable vessels. A 
launch with a torpedo was sent through the Chesapeake 
& Albemarle canal. The night of October 27th the launch 
entered Roanoke River, and went at the Albemarle under 
a heavy fire and the torpedo was exploded under her, 
blowing her up. The North Atlantic Squadron, besides 
blockading, was engaged in 91 actions and expeditions 
during the period of his command. Lee was ordered to 
the command of the Mississippi Squadron, October 21st, 
1864. He had command of the entire Mississippi River 
and its tributaries from October. In the Nashville cam- 
paign, he moved up the Cumberland River to the support 
of Thomas. The flag-ship was stopped at Clarksville by 
low water. He kept open army communications, and vig- 
ilantly guarded the lower Mississippi against the inter- 
vention of trans-Mississippi Confederate forces. He was 
asked by Thomas, November 30th, to patrol the Cum- 
berland River. Hood was marching against Nashville. 
Lee directed the patrolling of the river above and below 



330 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Nashville by gunboats. It was done so effectively that 
crossing was impossible. He kept open the Cumberland 
when the safety of Thomas depended so largely on his 
prompt receipt of reinforcements and supplies during 
Hood's advance. After the battle of Nashville, Lee was 
requested by Thomas to send gunboats up the Tennessee 
to head off Hood. He succeeded in capturing two guns 
at Florence. The operations of his squadron on the Ten- 
nessee prevented Hood on his retreat from crossing where 
the river was navigable. Lee occupied the last months 
of the War in convoy duty, maintaining communication on 
the Mississippi, blockading Red River, and active opera- 
tions in conjunction with the army by the fleets in the 
Tennessee and Cumberland rivers — exacting and difficult 
service. There were hot engagements with the Confederate 
batteries and troops on the banks. Lee received the sur- 
render of the last of the Confederate fleet on western 
waters. 

Lincoln, Abraham, Kentucky. President of the United 
States: as such, Commander-in-chief of the Army and 
Navy of the United States. November 12th, 1861, he 
ordered that a naval expedition should be fitted out for the 
capture of New Orleans. He exercised some direction of 
the War throughout. 

Lindsey, D. W., Kentucky. Brigadier General of Vol- 
unteers. Middle Creek. Retreat from Cumberland Gap. 
He was under fire at Chickasaw Bluffs. Capture of Arkan- 
sas Post. Port Gibson. Champion's Hill. Big Black 
River. Vicksburg assaults, May 19th and 22d, 1863. 

Loan, Benj. F., Kentucky. Brigadier General Missouri 
State Militia. 

Long, Eli, Kentucky. Brigadier General U. S. Army. 
Perryville. Tullahoma. Tuscumbia Creek, surprise and 
capture of Confederates. Wounded at Stone River. He 
reached Huntsville, Ala., with others, July 3d, 1863, cap- 
turing prisoners and supplies. By a saber charge he dis- 
lodged Wheeler's rear-guard near Murfreesboro, October 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 331 

5th, 1863. Duck River, fierce charge against Davidson's 
division, driving the Confederates 13 miles, killing and cap- 
turing many. He fought bravely and creditably at Farm- 
ington, where he was wounded. Chickamauga, pursuit of 
Wheeler and Roddy. Long crossed the Chattanooga River 
November 24th, 1863, reached Tyner's Station, and went 
as far as Charleston, Tenn. He was dispatched from 
Chattanooga for the relief of Knoxville. Long, with the 
troops advancing to its relief, was sent with picked men to 
communicate with the besieged army. His services were 
of merit. At Calhoun, with a small force, he defeated 
Wheeler's. He charged a small force which had become 
separated from the rest after the main fight and scattered 
it, taking prisoners. He was wounded in reconnoissance 
on Dalton. In May, 1864, commanding cavalry, he was in 
Blair's march from Huntsville, Ala., on Rome and Kings- 
ton. Fought spiritedly at Lovejoy's Station. Long was 
ordered to help push Forrest toward Selma. At Ebenezer 
Church, his division attacked the Confederates, and, with 
the aid of A. J. Alexander's brigade, carried the position 
in a short time. The Confederates retreated toward Selma. 
Long captured a gun at Mulberry Creek. Long's division 
took the advance on Selma. He arrived first at Boyle's 
Creek ; dismounted his men, and, forming on the left of the 
road, he charged and broke the Confederate line, and cap- 
tured a gun. His division and two additional brigades 
carried the works at Selma in a single sweeping charge, 
dismounted. Confederate cavalry were operating in his 
rear, but he sent a regiment to help guard it, and kept on, 
taking the intrenchments. His line was completely ex- 
posed. Long drove the Confederates to the city. Fight- 
ing gallantly, he was severely wounded. 32 cannon, large 
stores, and 2,700 prisoners were captured. The arsenal 
and powder works were destroyed. Long achieved a bright 
reputation in the War. 

Love, John, Virginia. Major General Indiana legion 
militia. Commanded a force in pursuit, through Indiana, 



332 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

of Morgan's raiders, repulsing them at Mt. Vernon, Ind., 
July 11th, 1863. 

McCann, W. P., Kentucky. Lieutenant Commander. 
Reenforced Fort Pickens April 14th— 15th, 1861. In June 
he landed additional reinforcements. In 1862 he operated 
on the York, Pamunkey and James rivers. Commanded 
the Maratanza against Yorktown. He had several engage- 
ments with batteries there and at Gloucester Point. At 
West Point, May 7th, 1862, he drove off the Confederate 
battery attacking the force which had landed. Protecting 
the army at Malvern Hill. He captured the gunboat 
Teazer, Point of Rocks. He captured several blockade- 
runners on the Potomac River. At New Bern, Hill and 
Pettigrew attacked Camp Anderson, and his vessel, the 
Hunchback, helped silence the guns and compel the army 
to withdraw. He fought with skill and vigor. The Con- 
federates had 18 guns. During the siege of Washington, 
N. C, he had command of five gunboats. Commanded the 
Kennebec in the blockade of Mobile Bay. He captured at 
sea three blockade-runners. In the battle of Mobile Bay, 
he commanded the Kennebec lashed to the Monongahela, 
which rammed the Tennessee. He assisted in the destruc- 
tion of the Ivanhoe under the guns of Fort Morgan. He 
pursued and engaged the Morgan. 

McClernand, John A., Kentucky. Major General of 
Volunteers. At the beginning of the War he recruited a 
brigade. At Belmont, commanding one of the two bri- 
gades, he fought bravely. He assisted in planning the 
expedition against Fort Henry. He moved to surround 
the Fort, when up, and troops were withdrawn, and the 
Fort surrendered. At Fort Donelson, February 13th, he 
made a small assault on the earthworks, and February 15th 
the defensive battle was fought by him. He was the com- 
mander of the right wing, which was attacked. He sus- 
tained the battle from early morning until 3 p. m., by his 
own conceptions. At Shiloh he sent three regiments to 
the support of the left flank of the forward division before 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 333 

the attack fell on his. He held the right after that divi- 
sion was demolished, and fought hard all day. He had to 
change the front of half his command to the west. He 
was intrepid, and occupied eight successive positions dur- 
ing the day. McClernand did valiant service next day. 
He commanded the reserves in the advance on Corinth. 
He was empowered by the Federal Government, October 
21st, 1862, to raise and organize troops to aid him in an 
expedition from Cairo against Vicksburg, to open the Mis- 
sissippi thereto, while another expedition should move up 
from New Orleans, the two to be combined. He concen- 
trated troops at Memphis. He was in command of the 
13th corps from December 18th, 1862. McClernand took 
command of the Army of the Mississippi at Milliken's 
Bend, January 4th, 1863, 32,000 men, and sailed up the 
Arkansas River, accompanied by the fleet. He disem- 
barked January 10th near Arkansas Post, which surren- 
dered to the combined attack of the army and fleet next 
day. Confederates lost 5,000 men. McClernand's was 
the advance corps from the north to the south of Vicks- 
burg. He encamped at Carthage, La., south of Vicksburg. 
He then marched further down to Perkin's Landing. 
Then he moved to Hard Times, 22 miles below. His corps, 
in making the march from Milliken's Bend to Hard Times, 
fought with general success, and built the road for the rest 
of the army. He received information that there was a 
good landing place at Bruinsburg, with a road thence to 
Port Gibson, which would enable the army to reach the 
rear of Vicksburg. He disembarked at Bruinsburg, and 
led the advance on Port Gibson, the army crossing the 
Mississippi River at Bruinsburg. By a forced march he 
reached Port Gibson, surprised the Confederates, and de- 
feated them there. He planned the battle and disposed 
the forces. The Confederates retreated when outflanked. 
Port Gibson was occupied next day, and Grand Gulf was 
evacuated by the Confederates. McClernand withdrew 
skillfully from the front of the Confederates at Edwards 



334 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Station. He seized Bolton, appointed by J. E. Johnston 
as the junction point where he hoped the Vicksburg army 
and his could unite. At Champion's Hill, McClernand's 
was the only corps up when the battle began. He attacked 
the Confederates and helped to win the victory, the Con- 
federates losing 6,000 men. It was his corps which came 
upon the Confederates' strong position at Big Black River, 
and carried the same by assault — a lauded achievement. 
In the second assault on Vicksburg, his men took advanced 
intrenehments in several places. He took command of the 
13th corps at Alexandria, La., on the return from the Red 
River expedition, April, 1864. The Confederates attacked 
McClernand near Alexandria April 28th and got between 
the army and the Mississippi. He commanded the 13th 
corps on the march east from Alexandria. 

McFerran, J. C, Kentucky. Brigadier General U. S. 
Army. Served in New Mexico. Built the depot and post 
of Fort Union, 1861—62. Chief Quartermaster, Depart- 
ment of New Mexico. Peralta. 

Mcintosh, John B., Florida. Brigadier General of Vol- 
unteers. Peninsula campaign. Marked conduct at White 
Oak Swamp. Chancellorsville. At Gettysburg, when Stu- 
art's cavalry worked around toward the Federal rear, July 
3d, Mcintosh, who understood Stuart's tactics and had dis- 
cerned his position, moved dismounted cavalry forward 
about 2 p. m. Confederates met them. More of his cav- 
alry moved up, and he sent for reinforcements. He drove 
Confederates back, occupying their position about the 
Rummel house. When the full Confederate line charged 
the reenforced Federals, Mcintosh had his left charge, 
rallying staff, buglers and orderlies, and gathering up 
other men for the charge, and struck the Confederate right 
flank. The flank attack told on the Confederates. They 
fell back to their starting point. Mcintosh established an 
advanced skirmish line. His bravery and generalship 
stood the Federals in need. Wilderness. Battles around 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 335 

Petersburg. Dash and good management at Opequon, 
where he lost a leg. The Ashland cavalry fight was 
brought on by him, in a successful dash at the railroad 
bridges over the South Anna. 

McMillan, James W., Kentucky. Major General of 
Volunteers. Commanded a division in the Red River cam- 
paign. At Pleasant Grove, he was brought up when 
Emory's right was heavily pressed, and restored the hope. 
At Pleasant Hill, when the army was breaking, his men 
made a charge, which was of vital aid. The Confederates 
exposed their right flank, and were thrown into confusion, 
and the Federals held on till night. At Cedar Creek, after 
the Confederate pursuit had been checked, the end brigade 
on the Confederate left was not in touch with the next 
brigade. In the Federal counter-attack, McMillan's divi- 
sion enveloped the Confederate left flank and broke it. 
The retreat of the left wing ensued. 

McNair, Antoine R., Louisiana. Commanded the Semi- 
nole. Attack on Fort Sumter in 1862, and defenses of 
Charleston. Capture of batteries on Morris Island. In 
command of the Powhatan and New Ironsides. He par- 
ticipated in both attacks on Fort Fisher. 

Marshall, Chas. A., Kentucky. Led the advance of 
Nelson in his campaign in eastern Kentucky in 1861. 
Bore the brunt of the fight at Ivy Creek. 

Marshall, William R., Missouri. Fought Indians first 
part of the War. Battles near Tupelo after June, 1864. 
Expedition to Oxford, Miss., in August. Engaged in pur- 
suit of Price through Arkansas and Missouri. At Nash- 
ville, December 15th, in assault on a Confederate redoubt 
on the Hillsboro pike, commanding a brigade, he led the 
men over the works, captured the guns and pursued 
the Confederates a half mile. On the 16th, he led his bri- 
gade in a charge on the Confederate works, and, on horse- 
back, was among the first over the breastworks and among 
the gunners, capturing the Pointe Coupee battery of four 



336 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

brass pieces. He led his brigade in the advance on Spanish 
Fort. He was wounded in the neck, but continued in 
command. 

Martin, Jas. S., Virginia. Brigadier General of Volun- 
teers. Atlanta campaign. 

Matthews, E. O., Maryland. Lieutenant Commander. 
Assisted in the capture of the forts at Hatteras Inlet. 
Commanded the Sonoma. In land and water expedition up 
Broad River, November 28th, 1864, against the railroad 
connecting Charleston and Savannah. He commanded 
naval light artillery at Honey Hill. Battles at Tulifinny 
Cross Roads, December, 1864. 

Maynadier, Henry E., Virginia. Performed courageous 
and good service while commanding the mortar flotilla dur- 
ing the operations against Island No. 10 and other Con- 
federate forts on the Mississippi River. He did good 
service in the battle of Memphis. Honorable service on 
the frontier while operating against hostile Indians, and 
accomplishing much toward bringing about peace with hos- 
tile tribes. 

Mayo, William K., Virginia. Lieutenant Commander. 
Commanded the Kanawha, November, 1862. Fight with 
Fort Morgan, October 12th, 1863, displaying bravery. 
At the beginning of 1864, he was in the West Gulf Block- 
ading Squadron. In July, 1864, he took command of the 
monitor Nahant in front of Charleston, and discovered the 
port was not closed to commerce. A more vigorous system 
was adopted with good results. Fall of Charleston. 

Meigs, Montgomery C, Georgia. Brigadier General 
U. S. Army. Quartermaster General, U. S. Army. 
Formed a plan and proposed an expedition for throwing 
in troops and mounting heavy guns at Fort Pickens. He 
organized and conducted the expedition, and it relieved the 
Fort. As chief engineer for it, he was at Fort Pickens 
in a government vessel when the Atlantic, chartered by him, 
and the Powhatan arrived, with soldiers, artillery and pro- 
visions. Pensacola. He directed the equipping and sup- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 337 

plying of the armies in the field, May 15th, 1861, to the 
end of the War. He issued proposals for the building of 
iron-clads for the Mississippi River, and contracted on be- 
half of the Government for the building of a number of 
iron-clad gunboats for the western waters. Seven were 
launched before the close of 1861. He was present at 
Bull Run. He provided transportation and supplies for 
the forces at Chattanooga, and was present during its bom- 
bardment and investment. Engaged in the battle of Chat- 
tanooga. In command of Belle Plain and Fredericksburg 
(base of supplies of the Army of the Potomac) May 16th— 
18th, 1864. On special mission to Bermuda Hundred, 
May 21st— 26th. Defense of Washington, commanding a 
brigade of quartermaster's employes and other troops, 
forming the division occupying the trenches east of Fort 
Stevens, July 11th— 14th, 1864. At Savannah January 
5th-29th, 1865, supplying and refitting the army there. 
At Goldsboro March 22d to April 13th, directing the open- 
ing of communications for again supplying armies. 

Meigs, John R., District of Columbia. Bull Run. 
Rocky Gap. Droop Mountain. Chief Engineer of the 
Department of West Virginia, November 3d, 1863, to 
August 17th, 1864. In Salem raid. Raid upon Staunton, 
May, 1864. New Market. Lynchburg raid. Piedmont. 
Diamond Hill. Chief Engineer middle military division, 
Shenandoah Valley army, August 17th to October 3d, 
1864. Opequon. Fisher's Hill. 

Merchant, Clarke, Georgia. In command of the Pensa- 
cola and Roanoke. 

Meredith, Solomon, North Carolina. Major General 
of Volunteers. South Mountain. Antietam. He was 
wounded at Gainesville, Va. He commanded the " Iron 
Brigade." Fredericksburg. Forced the crossing of the 
Rappahannock in April, 1863. Chancellorsville. He 
opened, as regards the infantry, the three-days' battle of 
Gettysburg. He swung around his Iron Brigade at a 
critical juncture, struck Archer on the flank and helped 



338 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

capture him and several hundred prisoners. He pursued 
across Willoughby Run. The Federals reestablished their 
line on McPherson's ridge as a result of Meredith's suc- 
cess, he holding McPherson's wood. He repeatedly re- 
pulsed Confederate assaults, but the retirement of other 
troops uncovered his left and he fell back to successive 
positions, inflicting heavy losses. Some of his men manned 
a battery, raked Scales' brigade and broke it. Meredith 
was severely wounded. Next day the Iron Brigade was on 
Culp's hill. It suffered next to the heaviest loss at 
Gettysburg, — 1,153, to the Confederate Armstead's 1,191. 
In command of Cairo early in 1864, and of Paducah to the 
close of the War. 

Middleton, Edward, South Carolina. Naval Captain. 
Commanded steam sloops in the Pacific Squadron from 
1861 to 1865. 

Miles, D. S., Maryland. Defenses of Washington, July, 
1861. He commanded the reserves at the battle of Bull 
Run. Commanded a brigade guarding the Baltimore & 
Ohio Railroad. Opposed Jackson's demonstration against 
Harper's Ferry, May 26th to 30th, 1862. He was in com- 
mand of Harper's Ferry when it surrendered, and was 
mortally wounded. 

Missroun, J. S., South Carolina. Ordnance officer, Bos- 
ton navy yard. 

Mitchel, O. McKnight, Kentucky. Major General of 
Volunteers. In command of Department of the Ohio, Sep- 
tember 19th to November 15th, 1861. He constructed de- 
fenses at Cincinnati. Organized an expedition for the 
occupation of east Tennessee October 10th, 1861. As- 
signed to command of Camp Jenkins, near Louisville, 
November 19th. He organized volunteers at Louisville. 
December 3d, 1861, he was given command of the 3d divi- 
sion, Army of the Ohio. He served with the Army of the 
Ohio during the campaigns of Tennessee that winter. He 
occupied Bowling Green, hurrying A. S. Johnston's rear- 
guard thence. Occupied Nashville in February, 1862. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 339 

He made one of the most noted expeditions of the early 
history of the War, best known as the " locomotive chase." 
Starting at Nashville, he marched through Murfreesboro 
and Fayetteville, and arrived at Huntsville, Ala., April 
11th, 1862, capturing many railroad trains and engines: 
pushed on to Tuscumbia, and sent an expedition to Russell- 
ville, Ala. At Bridgeport, he caused a portion of his com- 
mand to confront the Confederates, and the main force to 
make a detour and advance upon Bridgeport. The Con- 
federates were surprised and driven across the Tennessee 
River. He took Bridgeport. He dispersed the other por- 
tion of the Confederate force, coming up to assist their 
comrades. He took possession of the railroad from De- 
catur to Stephenson. He was placed in command of all 
the troops between Nashville and Huntsville. He sent an 
expedition against Rogersville, and gained control of all 
of Alabama north of the Tennessee River. Chattanooga 
was assailed June 6th, 1862, under his orders. His opera- 
tions drew Kirby Smith from east Tennessee, and opened 
the way for the seizure of Cumberland Gap. The Con- 
federate plan of campaign was deranged by Mitchel's 
expedition against Chattanooga. He was transferred to 
command at Port Royal in June, 1862. In command of 
the Department of the South and 10th corps, September 
17th to October 30th, 1862. 

Morris, T. A., Kentucky. Brigadier General of Volun- 
teers. Appointed Quartermaster General of Indiana, and 
had charge of the equipment of Indiana's first regiments. 
As General, he commanded the first brigade of troops that 
went from that State. West Virginia campaign. He 
sent two columns to Philippi by night, which surprised 
and routed the Confederates. His were the troops at 
Laurel Hill and Carrick's Ford — Federal successes. He 
pursued the Confederates from Laurel Hill. He had been 
placed in command of all the troops in western Virginia, 
while a superior was not present. 

Morrow, Henry A., Virginia. Major General of Vol- 



340 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

unteers. Fredericksburg. Good conduct at Fitzhugh's 
Crossing. Honorable mention at Chancellorsville. Expe- 
dition to Port Royal and Northern Neck, and to Westmore- 
land C. H. Wounded at Gettysburg the first day while 
carrying the flag of a regiment after four color-bearers 
had been killed and three wounded. Prisoner July 1st to 
4th. Escaping, he rejoined his command. Commanded a 
brigade at Culpeper. Severely wounded at the Wilder- 
ness. Severely wounded at Dabney's Mills. Gallantry 
and good conduct in operations before Petersburg. Gal- 
lant and meritorious at Hatcher's Run, severely wounded 
while bearing the colors of a regiment in rallying troops. 
In the expedition to Meherrin River and commanded the 
rear-guard on retreat. Commanded the Iron Brigade from 
Petersburg. 

Murray, E. H., Kentucky. Brigadier General of Vol- 
unteers. Commanding cavalry, was eminent when Confed- 
erates got in the Federal rear at Murfreesboro. Raised to 
command of cavalry near Resaca May 14th, 1864. 

Nelson, William, Kentucky. Major General of Volun- 
teers. At Washington on ordnance duty when the War 
began. He planned the bringing of muskets owned by the 
United States Government into Kentucky. He organized 
two camps and raised regiments. Established Camp Dick 
Robinson. Made Lieutenant Commander July 16th, 1861, 
and assigned to the command of gunboats patrolling the 
Ohio River. His command at Camp Dick Robinson formed 
the nucleus of Thomas' army. Formally exchanged from 
the navy to the army, September 16th, 1861. He organ- 
ized a force which drove the Confederates from eastern 
Kentucky. Routed Confederates at Ivy Creek. Caused a 
Confederate force to retire through Pound Gap. Placed 
in command of the 4th division, Army of the Ohio, Decem- 
ber 3d, 1861. He occupied Nashville. His rapid march 
gave the army overborne at Shiloh necessary reinforce- 
ments. He got his leading brigade under Ammen on the 
field in time for salvation of the army there from final dis- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 341 

aster, arriving in person with it, and entering into the 
struggle. Ammen repulsed a charge at 6:30 p.m. Nel- 
son led the advance next day and was engaged in the battle. 
After Forrest took Murfreesboro, July 13th, 1862, Nelson 
moved against him, then constructed strong fieldworks at 
Murfreesboro. When Confederate cavalry moved into 
Kentucky, Nelson was sent there to organize troops, restore 
communications and operate against them. He labored to 
prepare against the advance of Kirby Smith into Kentucky, 
August, 1862. He ordered troops to Richmond. Smith 
came up with them and forced them back. In a new posi- 
tion Nelson reached the field and was engaged toward the 
end of the battle of Richmond, sustaining a wound. After 
the defeat at Richmond, he went to Louisville, and organ- 
ized from various directions 30,000 or 40,000 troops. He 
commanded at Louisville when Bragg was marching to- 
ward it ahead of the Federal army. 

Newton, John, Virginia. Major General of Volunteers. 
Chief Engineer, Department of Pennsylvania, May 29th 
to July 23d, 1861, accompanying the army in the Shenan- 
doah Valley. Falling Waters. Chief Engineer, Depart- 
ment of the Shenandoah, July 25th to August 26th. 
Assistant Engineer in the construction of the defenses of 
Washington, September 23d, 1861, to March 10th, 1862. 
He commanded a brigade there at the same time. Showed 
ability at West Point, Va. His brigade was the one most 
heavily engaged. He repulsed the Confederates and occu- 
pied advance ground by night. At Gaines' Mill, Newton, 
arriving at 4 p. m., was sent to the center, drove back Con- 
federates, and retook ground held by them a short time. 
At Glendale his brigade did well. Served in the retreat 
from Bull Run to Washington, September 1st and 2d, 
1862. In the forcing of Crampton's Gap, Newton's ac- 
tivity was conspicuous. His brigade helped take the Gap. 
Distinction at South Mountain. He fought with force and 
merit at Antietam. Commanded a division in the Rappa- 
hannock campaign, December, 1862, to June, 1863. 



342 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Fredericksburg. In the Chancellorsville campaign, New- 
ton's division led from the river and opened the way to 
the rear and left of Fredericksburg. The attack on 
Marye's Heights was made under his direction — two col- 
umns supported by a line. The onset was checked but 
resumed, and the stone wall was carried. He reached the 
Confederate flank. 1,000 prisoners and some artillery 
were taken. At Salem Church, Newton, with the left wing, 
made several vigorous assaults. There was a very severe 
fight. The crest of the woods was gained, but the Con- 
federates forced the Federals back. Newton made the 
arrangements for withdrawal via Bank's Ford May 4th, 
quickly acquainting himself with the roads thereto, and 
having pontoons made ready. The troops were safely 
crossed that night. Pennsylvania campaign. At Gettys- 
burg the morning of the 1st, Newton took command of the 
1st corps, which was in a terrible battle. It fought in 
McPherson's woods, on Seminary Ridge, and in other 
positions in its backward fight to Cemetery Ridge. Late 
in the day, one of his divisions occupied Culp's Hill. On 
the 2d two of his divisions were brought up to the aid of 
the left. One of his divisions was on Culp's Hill during 
Edward Johnson's attack. The right flank was turned by 
the Confederates, who were stopped by two regiments of 
the 1st corps placed in echelon. July 3d, most of his 
troops occupied the line just south of where Pickett broke 
the line. Newton stood behind batteries which opened 
a destructive fire, causing the Confederates to drift further 
away. The advance of two of his regiments, with the fire 
of these batteries, helped cause Wilcox, Wright and Perry 
to fall back. The troops of a brigade of the 1st corps 
were pushed into a gap between the Confederate advancing 
lines, and much of the assaulting line was broken off and 
receded. This day Newton commanded also the 3d divi- 
sion of the 6th corps. He retained command of the 1st 
corps until the reorganization of the army, March, 1864. 
During the battle Newton performed arduous, responsible 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 343 

and trying duties. Following up of Lee to Warrenton. 
Rapidan campaign, October to December, 1863. Invasion 
of Georgia, commanding a division in the Army of the 
Cumberland, May 2d to September 24th, 1864. Opera- 
tions around Dalton. Buzzard's Roost Gap, May 7th, 
1864. Engaged in storming Rocky Face Ridge. His 
division and another charged and cleared the ridge at 
Tunnel Hill. One of his brigades advanced along Rocky 
Face Ridge May 8th. One-third of the edge was wrested 
from the Confederates. On May 12th Newton was holding 
the north end of the ridge and the surrounding roads. 
Only one corps and some cavalry were present and John- 
ston attacked. All the other troops were in motion, con- 
centrating on Snake Creep Gap. A heavy column 
advanced toward Newton's left. Wood moved to his sup- 
port. The Confederates withdrew after driving back 
Newton's skirmishers. At Resaca he relieved a division 
which was hard pressed. He had to go over heavily ex- 
posed ground to reach it. In the battle of Resaca, his and 
R. W. Johnson's divisions plunged into the thicket and 
worked their way into the reentrant angle in Hardee's front. 
He grasped firmly the ground gained in his front. Adairs- 
ville. Advance to Etowah River. Dallas. He engaged 
Johnston's rear on the way to Kingston. Movement on 
Pine Mountain, with almost daily heavy engagements, 
May 28th to June 20th, 1864. New Hope Church. 
Pickett's Mills — Confederates came out of their works, 
and attacked Newton, and were repulsed with loss. At 
Pine Mountain, his and another division, with supports, 
carried an intrenched skirmish line, and advanced nearly 
to Johnston's main line. One of his brigades at Mud 
Creek captured by a rush an intrenched line and its de- 
fenses. June 18th, Newton and Wood threw forward a 
strong line of skirmishers, partly surprised the Confed- 
erates, and took a portion of their main line. Johnston 
abandoned his position. Kenesaw Mountain — his divi- 
sion led one attack, and reached the Confederate works. 



844 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

He attacked again unsuccessfully. The position compared 
in strength with the Cemetery at Gettysburg. Passage of 
the Chattahoochee. At Peach Tree Creek, Newton, with 
the practiced eye of an artillerist, had placed two guns in 
an important location, without having reason to feel that 
a battle impended. He held Thomas' left flank. He con- 
structed light rail barricades. The Confederates advanced 
in lines that overlapped him. There was a two-mile gap on 
his left, and troops were not in line on his right. He made 
dispositions for defense. His division was the first struck. 
A division struck him in front and another passed his 
left flank in the wide gap, and a third attacked his right 
flank. He first repulsed the attack on his left, using re- 
serve artillery ; next he repelled the front attack, his rifles 
and cannon firing incessantly. One brigade which par- 
ticipated then changed front at right angles and engaged 
the third Confederate division, which had advanced between 
Newton and the troops on the right, and had faced east. 
The Confederates were ejected with the aid of Ward's 
division. The second general attack of Hood commenced 
on Newton's left, in the effort to double up his line and take 
it in reverse as well as in flank. Newton's guns and others 
fired furiously and the attack was repulsed there, as else- 
where. His command behaved admirably, and Newton's 
defense was of a high order. Siege of Atlanta. Assault 
on intrenchments at Jonesboro. Lovejoy's Station. Oc- 
cupation of Atlanta. When Hood started against the 
army's communications Newton was sent to Chattanooga. 
His division and another were sent to contend with Forrest 
in Tennessee. Forrest was expelled and communications 
were restored. In command of District of Key West and 
Tortugas, Fla., October, 1864, to the end. National 
Bridge, near St. Marks, Fla. Newton contributed a nota- 
ble part toward the withstanding and final dissipation of 
the Confederate armies. He was an eminent engineer and 
fought with assurance. 

Nichols, E. T., Georgia. Commander. Commanded 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 345 

the Winona, West Gulf Blockading Squadron, 1861—2. 
Took part in the bombardment of Forts Jackson and St. 
Philip, receiving fire from both forts. He received the 
surrender of Fort St. Philip. He was in the attacks upon 
and passage of the Vicksburg batteries, June 28th, 1862, 
and July 15th, 1862. Engagement with Confederate ram 
Arkansas. Commanded the Alabama. Successfully en- 
gaged Confederate battery at Four Mile Creek, Va. He 
was in command of the Mendota at the beginning of 1865. 

Nicholson, W. C, Maryland. Commodore. 

Nottingham had his name changed to John H. Upshur. 

Oglesby, Richard J., Kentucky. Brigadier General of 
Volunteers. His men were the first to enter Fort Henry. 
Distinction at Fort Donelson. At Corinth, Oglesby was 
the first to receive the Confederate attack. He was fairly 
formed to receive it, notwithstanding the suddenness. Se- 
verely wounded, he was unable to fight afterward, though 
assigned to the command of the 16th corps. He was 
elected Governor of Illinois in 1864. 

Ord, E. O. C, Maryland. Major General of Volunteers. 
In command of the brigade forming the extreme right 
before Washington, November, 1861, to May 2d, 1862. 
In command of engaged troops at Dranesville, repulsing 
Stuart, with spirit and merit. In command of a division 
in the Department of the Rappahannock, May 16th to 
June, 1862. He was at Front Royal with his division 
while the army moved against Jackson to Port Republic 
and Cross Keys. In command of Corinth, June to August, 
1862. Commanded the left wing in the operations in 
Mississippi, August— September, 1862. Advance upon 
Iuka. He entered Iuka, September 20th. In command 
of the District of Jackson, Tenn., September— October. 
Ord joined Hurlbut, intercepting Van Dorn's retreat cross- 
ing the Hatchie. He assumed command, and the head 
of the Confederate column was driven back. He was se- 
verely wounded while fighting vigorously. The Confeder- 
ates were forced to change their route. In command of 



346 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

West Point, May 24th-25th, 1863. In command of the 
13th corps, June 18th to October 28th. Siege of Vicks- 
burg, June 18th to July 4th, 1863. Operations against 
relieving forces and capture of Jackson, Miss., July 16th. 
With army of western Louisiana, August to October, 1863. 
In command of the 13th corps in the Department of the 
Gulf, January 8th to February 20th, 1864. Commanded 
troops assembled at Grafton, Webster and Beverly, W. 
Va., April 6th to July 9th, 1864. In command of the 
8th corps and all troops in the Middle Department, July 
11th to 21st, 1864 ; of the 18th corps July 21st to Septem- 
ber 30th in the operations before Petersburg and Rich- 
mond. Ord, commanding the 18th corps, and Birney, 
carried Fort Harrison, with 15 guns and a considerable 
portion of the intrenchments. The position gained seri- 
ously threatened Richmond. Ord was severely wounded in 
the assault. In command of the Army of the James, in- 
cluding the 24th and 25th corps, January 8th to the close 
of the War ; of the Department of Virginia and North 
Carolina, January 8th to February 6th, and of the De- 
partment of Virginia, February 6th to the end of the War, 
being engaged in the various operations around Peters- 
burg, and the pursuit of Lee to Appomattox. When the 
cavalry moved from White House March 24th for the 
James River, Ord sent forces to cover the crossings of 
the Chickahominy. Petersburg assault, April 2d, 1865 
— Ord was engaged early and broke through intrench- 
ments. About 8 :30 a. m. a report came from him of the 
capture of works south of Hatcher's Run. He helped 
greatly, carrying a considerable portion of the Confederate 
line, and taking many prisoners. Ord and the 6th corps 
swung to the right, closing all Confederates on that side 
of them in Petersburg. One of Ord's divisions carried 
Forts Gregg and Alexander, shortening besieging lines and 
weakening the defenses of Petersburg. Fort Gregg fought 
fiercely and was the last outer work to resist. April 4th, 
Ord marched toward Burkeville, to head Lee off from Dan- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 317 

ville. April 6th, he pushed out to Rice's Station. He 
sent a force to destroy High Bridge, beyond Sailor's 
Creek, over the Appomattox River. The head of Lee's 
marching column came upon this force of less than 600 
infantry and cavalry, blocking their way back. They 
charged Lee's advancing columns repeatedly. Most of 
the men were killed or wounded, and the rest finally sur- 
rendered. They cost Lee the loss of precious time and the 
capture of a considerable part of his wagon trains. The 
movement of his command contributed greatly to the suc- 
cess at Sailor's Creek that day. While the Army of the 
Potomac followed on the road taken by Lee, Ord, with 
the Army of the James, marched along a more southerly 
road to interpose in front of him. Ord marched with two 
corps from daylight on April 8th until the morning of the 
9th, with a rest of only three hours, and deployed his 
men, barring Lee's advance at Appomattox C. H., Ord 
being present in person. The skillful, hard march through 
the night was one of the chief causes of Lee's surrender. 

Orme, W. W., District of Columbia. Brigadier General 
of Volunteers. At Prairie Grove he crossed the creek and 
forced Confederates back. He placed artillery which re- 
pelled the Confederate advance. Orme fought strenuously 
through the day, leading his troops to recover ground. 
Siege of Vicksburg. 

Otis, Elwell S., Maryland. Brigadier General of Volun- 
teers. Fought well at Spotsylvania C. H. He com- 
manded a regular brigade in the operations around Peters- 
burg, and during the fall of 1864 on and near the Weldon 
Railroad. A rifle ball passed through the left side of 
his head while serving on the line of the Weldon Railroad. 

Palmer, J. McA., Kentucky. Major General of Volun- 
teers. Organized a regiment in Illinois. He accompanied 
Fremont in his Springfield campaign. New Madrid. Is- 
land No. 10. Placed in command of a division in Sep- 
tember, 1862. At Stone River, he advised against trying 
to occupy Murfreesboro. In the battle of Stone River, he 



548 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

had severe fighting. He withstood terrific assaults in the 
final position. He was so nearly enveloped that the re- 
serve changed front to the rear. His strong, skillful and 
helpful services in the battle were recognized. At Chick - 
amauga, the 19th, he reconnoitered to the north. When 
the Confederates broke the line and moved to double up 
the flank, he sent supports. The quick reformation of 
his division helped avert disaster. There was a chasm be- 
tween Thomas and Crittenden. Palmer and Johnson 
moved forward, and forced Cheatham back, after an hour's 
fighting. On the 20th he supported Thomas' right, and 
held his part of the line against Bragg's earnest efforts. 
When Breckenridge, on the Confederate right, took the 
Federal main line in reverse, reserve brigades of Palmer, 
Johnson and Brannan drove him back and around the Fed- 
eral left. Furious attacks upon Palmer failed. He was 
again attacked when leaving the field. Palmer's heroism 
appears at Chickamauga. Assigned to the command of 
the 14th corps, October 28th, 1863. Palmer participated 
in the taking of Missionary Ridge. When the Confed- 
erate left was turned, a division retreating north struck 
upon Palmer where the Federals were already victorious, 
and he took many prisoners. He overtook and charged 
the rear-guard, breaking it and capturing three guns. In 
pursuit after the battle, he picked up many prisoners and 
much abandoned property. Atlanta campaign. He took 
possession of Tunnel Hill February 24th, 1864. He occu- 
pied Thomas' center at Rocky Face Ridge, attacking the 
Gap. Sent a brigade up one of the spurs south of Buz- 
zard's Roost Gap. At Pickett's Mill he was in the attempt 
to turn the Confederate right. June 10th, Palmer's corps 
advanced toward Pine Mountain, and gained an eminence 
within artillery range. He was actively engaged at Kene- 
saw Mountain. His troops led one attack, and succeeded 
in making a shelter close to the Confederate works. His 
left received part of the attack at Peach Tree Creek. The 
troops were driven from the works, but the enfilade fire 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 349 

of cannon caused the Confederates to yield them. August 
4th Palmer felt the Confederate line heavily. In Febru- 
ary, 1865, he was placed in command of the Military De- 
partment of Kentucky. He was actively engaged at 
Kingston. 

Patterson, Thomas H., Louisiana. Commander. Com- 
manded the Chocura in Hampton Roads the early part of 
1862. Before Yorktown. His was the leading gunboat 
in the expedition up the Pamunkey River to White House 
to open the way and in support of the army. He co- 
operated with the advance at White House in checking 
the approach of Confederates. He proceeded to West 
Point. He was senior officer of the naval forces in the 
York and Pamunkey rivers and in constant cooperation 
with the Army of the Potomac from June to October. 
Commanded the James Adger from November 18th, 1862. 
Operations of the South Atlantic Squadron between Jan- 
uary and July, 1863. On blockade duty off Wilmington, 
July 7th, 1863. He cut out the steamer Kate from under 
the batteries at New Inlet near Fort Fisher, July 31st. At- 
tack upon and capture of flying batteries near Fort Fisher, 
August, 1863. He destroyed the clipper Hebb. Captured 
blockade runners, schooner Ella, Cornubia, and the Robert 
E. Lee, loaded with arms and supplies for the Confederate 
army. He took part in the blockade of Charleston. Sen- 
ior officer of outside blockade off Charleston, September 
15th, 1864. 

Paul, Gabriel R., Missouri. Brigadier General of Vol- 
unteers. Operations in New Mexico, 1861—2. He did 
good service in helping to keep the Confederates out of 
New Mexico. In command of Fort Union, December 
13th, 1861, to March, 1862, and of the southern Military 
District of New Mexico, March to September, 1862. Pe- 
ralta. Fredericksburg. Rappahannock campaign. Chan- 
cellorsville. At Gettysburg he was attacked by Iverson. 
His and another brigade defeated Iverson, who lost 500 
killed and wounded and three regiments captured. He 



350 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

fought with valor and merit, and was shot, losing the sight 
of both eyes. 

Pendergrast, Austin, Kentucky. Was in command of 
the Congress the latter part of the conflict with the Vir- 
ginia. He went ashore. Engaged in operations of the 
South Atlantic Blockading Squadron between January 
and July, 1863. He commanded the Water Witch, 
1862—64. She was boarded by the Confederates, and he 
was cut down while defending her. 

Pendergrast, G. J., Kentucky. Commodore. Com- 
manded the Home Squadron. Cumberland. 

Pennock, Alex. M., Virginia. Naval Captain. In com- 
mand of Cairo. Had charge of it till the close of the 
War. In 1862, he was appointed fleet captain of the 
Mississippi Squadron, and served in that capacity with 
notable success until the close of 1864, gaining a reputa- 
tion for high executive ability. In command of the Mis- 
sissippi Squadron for a short while. 

Pike, Edward C, Missouri. Brigadier General Enrolled 
Missouri Militia. 

Pleasanton, Alfred, District of Columbia. Major Gen- 
eral of Volunteers. Organizing volunteers at Wilmington, 
Del., April, 1861. Marched a regiment from Utah to 
Washington, September— October, 1861. Defenses of 
Washington, November, 1861, to March, 1862. Before 
Yorktown. Seven Days' Battles. Engaged in covering 
the withdrawal of the Army of the Potomac to Yorktown, 
August 18th— 19th. In command of advance cavalry divi- 
sion in Maryland campaign, being engaged in driving Con- 
federates from Poolsville, Barnesville, and Sugar Loaf 
Mountain, Frederick City and through Cactochin Pass. 
South Mountain. Having learned the ground at Turner's 
Gap by reconnoissance, he posted the advance troops of 
Reno's corps. His batteries were well served. He drove 
back the Confederate cavalry at Boonsboro. At Antie- 
tam he advanced about three brigades of cavalry and four 
batteries across Boonsboro bridge, supported by a regi- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 351 

ment of regulars. Presently the line was reenforced by 
three more batteries and Buchanan's brigade of regulars. 
They felt the Confederate line heavily. Shepherdstown. 
Martinsburg. Fredericksburg. He had the advance with 
a small cavalry force in the movement from near Falmouth 
toward Chancellorsville to turn Lee's left flank. At Chan- 
cellorsville he watched Confederates marching by Catharine 
Furnace. When- Jackson routed the 11th corps, he had 
a regiment charge into the woods, which had effect. Some 
of his cavalry attacked Jackson's right flank. He got his 
battery of horse artillery into position. Six more guns 
were offered him, and he succeeded in getting ten more, 
making twenty-two. He poured in canister. Three 
charges against the guns were made and repelled with exe- 
cution. In front of these batteries Jackson fell. He had 
a large part in staying Jackson's advance, and saving the 
army from serious disaster. He finally had forty guns in 
position. The artillery was engaged against Jackson's 
infantry at night. This artillery did heavy execution next 
day against Stuart. In command of cavalry corps, June 
7th, 1863, to March 26th, 1864. Beverly Ford. Aldie. 
Middleburg. Upperville. Commander of the cavalry 
corps at Gettysburg. He had Buford enter Gettysburg, 
June 30th p. m. He moved from Emmitsburg July 3d 
directly toward the baggage and ammunition trains of Lee, 
and was met at Fairfield by Confederate cavalry. He 
fought with courage and merit. Following up of Lee to 
Warrenton. Capture of Culpeper C. H. In command at 
Brandy Station, October 11th, 1863. In the Department 
of Missouri, March 23d, 1864, to the end of the War. 
He followed Price from St. Louis, was engaged in the 
defense of Jefferson City, followed him up the Missouri 
River, and at the Big Blue River, just as the army was 
being driven from the line of the Big Blue, Pleasanton's 
cavalry came up and attacked Price's rear east of Inde- 
pendence, routing it. Pleasanton sent a message to the 
army reporting his arrival. By sundown next day Price 



352 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

was retreating. Pleasanton was in command of the cavalry 
pursuing Price toward Fort Scott, Kan. At Marais des 
Cygnes, part of Price's army made a stand, with the ar- 
tillery on a high mound in the prairie. Pleasanton's cav- 
alry charged handsomely, broke the Confederate line, and 
captured Generals Marmaduke and Cabell and a large 
number of men and ten guns. Price retreated, harassed 
by the cavalry, and was pursued out of Missouri. Pleas- 
anton's career in the War was creditable. 

Pleasanton, Augustus J., District of Columbia. Brig- 
adier General Pennsylvania militia, organizing and com- 
manding a home guard of 10,000 men for the defense of 
Philadelphia. 

Pope, Curran, Kentucky. Was mortally wounded while 
commanding a brigade at Perryville. 

Pope, John, Kentucky. Major General of Volunteers. 
In command of the District of Northern Missouri, July 
17th to October, 1861. In August he was operating with 
5,000 men in northern Missouri. In command of the 2d 
division of the army operating against Price in Missouri, 
October to December, 1861, and of the District of Central 
Missouri, December, 1861, to February 18th, 1862. In 
JVIissouri, he organized rapidly an army of about 12,000 
men ; surrounded Confederates and captured at Milford a 
large supply of provisions and numerous prisoners, and 
compelled the retreat of Price from the Osage River to the 
•southern border of Missouri. In command of the Army of 
the Mississippi in the movement on New Madrid, terminat- 
ing in its occupation. Pope, by skill and industry, opened a 
canal from a point above Island No. 10 to New Madrid, by 
which he interposed between the Confederate army and 
the line of supply and retreat. His reputation was en- 
hanced by the capture of Island No. 10. He captured a 
large part of the retreating Confederate army at and near 
Tiptonville. In the movement 5,000 prisoners were taken 
without the loss of a man. Pope, with 20,000 men in 
transports, moved down to Fort Pillow. He was withdrawn 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 353 

thence to the army advancing upon Corinth, commanding 
the Army of the Mississippi therein. At Farmington, a 
division of Pope's wing was assailed by a large force and 
fought for several hours. Upon the evacuation of Cor- 
inth, Pope, with the Army of the Mississippi, pur- 
sued, capturing provisions, arms and supplies. He 
pursued to Baldwin. In command of the Army of Vir- 
ginia, June 27th to September 2d, 1862. Cedar Mountain. 
Bristoe Station, where some captures of Confederates were 
made. Groveton. Manassas Junction. Gainesville. Ger- 
mantown. He was defeated at Second Bull Run. Chan- 
tilly. From September 7th, 1862, to January 30th, 1865, 
he was in command of the Department of the Northwest, 
comprising Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and the Territo- 
ries of Dakota and Nebraska. In command of the Mili- 
tary Division of the Missouri, January 30th to the end. 

Porter, W. D., Louisiana. Commodore. Columbus, 
Ky. He helped fit out the gunboat fleet. He designed 
and superintended the construction of the gunboats Fort 
Henri/ and Choctaw, and transformed the Essex into a 
gunboat. Efficiently aided in the battle of Fort Henry, 
commanding the Essex. The Essex was the target of the 
Confederates, but dismounted five of their guns. The 
boiler of the Essex was struck and Porter was severely 
scalded. At Vicksburg July 22d, 1863, he passed the bat- 
teries and attacked the Arkansas. His vessel was badly 
cut up by the batteries. Near Baton Rouge, with the 
Essex and other vessels he engaged the Arkansas; pierced 
her through and through, and disabled her steering gear. 
She was driven ashore and set on fire and destroyed. He 
received the capitulation of Natchez. Porter left Baton 
Rouge in the Essex and followed the Confederate gunboat 
Webb to Vicksburg, and, returning, was engaged by the 
Port Hudson batteries. Attack on the Vicksburg batteries. 
Porter fought past all the batteries between Cairo and New 
Orleans. 

Powell, Albert M., Maryland. Operations in Missouri, 



354 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

September, 1861, to February, 1862. New Madrid. Is- 
land No. 10. Advance upon Corinth. Chief of Artillery 
to a division, October to December, 1862. Holly Springs 
expedition, December, 1862, to April, 1863. Chief of 
Artillery 17th corps, February, 1863, to July, 1864. 
Vicksburg campaign. Port Gibson. Bolton. Jackson. 
Champion Hills. Defenses of Vicksburg, July, 1863, to 
April, 1864. 

Prentiss, B. M., Virginia. Major General of Volunteers. 
In command of Cairo from May 17th, 1861. He organ- 
ized camps of instruction there. June 5th, 1861, he broke 
up an anti-Federal camp five miles inland from Cairo. He 
occupied Cape Girardeau, Pilot Knob and Ironton from 
falling into the hands of Hardee. In command of the dis- 
trict of northern Missouri, he made a campaign, starting 
December 24th, 1861, driving the Confederates at Mt. 
Zion, resulting in the dispersal of the Confederates north 
of the Missouri River in Missouri. He assisted in driving 
Price out of Missouri in February, 1862. He served in 
Missouri till April, 1862. At Shiloh he sent out a brigade 
to find out what was the exact force of the Confederates. 
His action prevented Johnston's attack from being a com- 
plete surprise. He fought hard during the day, and, when 
part of the line gave way in the afternoon, the Confeder- 
ates surrounded him, and captured him and a part of his 
division. Commanding Helena, Ark., he resisted the at- 
tack of Holmes and Price, and Federal vessels came to 
his relief. 

Prevost, C. M., Maryland. Brigadier General of Vol- 
unteers. Peninsula campaign. Antietam. Chancellors- 
ville. 

Price, Samuel W., Kentucky. At Murfreesboro he held 
the ford necessary to guard against the turning of the left 
flank. January 2d, he was heavily engaged there and 
driven. He gallantly led a regiment in assault of June 
27th, 1864, on the position on the Moulton and Dallas 
road and Kenesaw Mountain, capturing and holding the 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 355 

position, although greatly outnumbered, until reen- 
forced. 

Price, T. L., Virginia. Brigadier General of Volunteers. 

Purviance, Hugh Y., Maryland. Commodore. Com- 
manded the frigate St. Lawrence, of the Charleston block- 
ading squadron, in 1861. He captured the privateer Pe- 
trel, the first prize of the War. Commanding the St. 
Lawrence, he took part in the fight with the Virginia, and 
the attack on Sewell's Point. 

Queen, Walter W., District of Columbia. Lieutenant 
Commander. With the Powhatan, April, 1861, he re- 
enforced Fort Pickens. He commanded the 2d division, 
seven vessels of the mortar flotilla, during the bombard- 
ment of Forts Jackson and St. Philip, doing good work ; 
and during the passage of the Vicksburg batteries. He 
commanded the steamers Florida and Wyalusing, — the lat- 
ter in the engagement with the ram Albemarle and her 
consorts, Bombshell and Cotton-Plant, at the mouth of the 
Roanoke River. The Wyalusing was so badly damaged 
that she was thought by those aboard to be sinking. 

Radford, William, Virginia. Commodore. Commanded 
the frigate Cumberland in 1862. He was executive officer 
at the Brooklyn navy yard, May, 1862, to May, 1864. 
Commanded the iron-clad division of the Squadron and 
the New Ironsides in both attacks on Fort Fisher. The 
New Ironsides led the way in the first attack and also in 
the second, when, after the sailors' assault had failed, she 
used her 11 -inch guns with great effect in firing into the 
traverses filled with Confederates, who were resisting the 
advance of the Federal soldiers. This confused the Con- 
federates. They left the traverses. He showed ability in 
fighting, maneuvering his vessel and taking care of his 
division. His vessel did more execution than any other. 
The monitors under Radford took the fire of the Fort the 
13th and 14th and returned it. He commanded the James 
River division of the North Atlantic Squadron until the 
fall of Richmond. 



356 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Ramsay, Francis M., District of Columbia. Lieutenant 
Commander. Milliken's Bend, April 9th, 1863. Com- 
manded the Choctaw in the engagements at Haines' Bluff, 
April 29th and 30th and May 1st, 1863. In the movement 
up the Yazoo River, May 15th, 1863, to open communica- 
tion with the army. Destruction of Confederate navy 
yard and vessels at Yazoo City. Confederates attacked 
Milliken's Bend driving the garrison from the works to 
the levee, June 7th. In the Choctaw, he prevented their 
capture by shelling the Confederates. Siege of Vicksburg. 
Ramsay, on a floating battery, enfiladed Confederate bat- 
teries, and sustained a heavy fire, on the Federal right. 
He commanded an expedition via Red up the Black and 
Ouachita rivers, February 29th, 1864. At Trinity and 
Harrisonburg he repulsed Polignac. He went nearly to 
Monroe, La., on the Ouachita River. He commanded an 
expedition into the Atchafalaya River, June, 1864. In 
a favorable engagement at Simmsport. Commanded Una- 
dilla 1864—5, both attacks on Fort Fisher. Several en- 
gagements with Fort Anderson and other forts on the 
Cape Fear River, January— February, 1865. Capture of 
Richmond. 

Ramsay, George D., Virginia. Brigadier General U. S. 
Army. In command of the Washington arsenal, 1861—3. 
Chief of Ordnance, U. S. Army. 

Ransom, D. R., North Carolina. Fought well at Fred- 
ericksburg. Chancellorsville. He was wounded com- 
manding an artillery brigade at Gettysburg. Kearneys- 
ville. He commanded a horse artillery brigade in the 
Wilderness campaign and through Cold Harbor. Cedar 
Creek. 

Rencher, Abraham, North Carolina. Governor of New 
Mexico. Helped hold it to the Federals. 

Reno, Jesse L., Virginia. Major General of Volunteers. 
In command of the Leavenworth arsenal from the begin- 
ning of the War to December 6th, 1861. Capture of 
Roanoke Island, where he led the left. He penetrated a 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 357 

morass, the Confederate flanks were turned and they were 
routed. He went over the defenses at New Bern; then 
helped take the works. He commanded the expedition 
against Camden. Winton, Plymouth and Washington 
were occupied, and the North Carolina coasts remained in 
the possession of the Federals the rest of the year. In 
command of a division in the Department of North Caro- 
lina, April to August, 1862. In the movement to Newport 
News and Rappahannock, August, 1862. In command of 
the 9th corps and a division at Second Bull Run. He re- 
enforced the line and participated in an assault about 1 
p. m. At 5 p. m. his corps and another attacked Hill and 
forced his lines back, crowding Jackson's left toward his 
center. The next day his corps fought with fine mettle. 
Some of his troops remained on the Henry House hill until 
about 9 p. m. He covered the retreat. He was prompt, 
earnest and soldierly. At Chantilly one of his divisions 
drove two of A. P. Hill's brigades back in much confusion. 
At Turner's Gap he went to the front and assumed direc- 
tion of affairs, opening the battle. His corps and another 
forced the Gap, and some of his troops carried the crest 
of Fox's Gap. He drove the Confederates from the 
heights on one side of the main pike at South Mountain. 
He had outflanked the Confederates. He was killed 
about 7 p. m. while gallantly leading his men. Reno 
was an officer of marked ability, a zealous and ingenious 
fighter. 

Reynolds, Joseph J., Kentucky. Major General of Vol- 
unteers. In command of Camp Morton, Indianapolis, 
April to May, 1861. In command of the Cheat Mountain 
District, July to December, 1861. Greenbrier River. At 
Cheat Mountain he held his position. Elk River. The 
Confederates were foiled in their efforts to force him out 
of western Virginia. His services there were of merit. He 
was engaged in organizing Indiana volunteers, January to 
November, 1862. Campaigns of the Army of the Cum- 
berland 1862-3. April 20th, 1863, he made a successful 



358 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

raid with 4,000 infantry and 2,600 cavalry, destroying 
the railroad track, capturing 180 prisoners and large sup- 
plies, and returning to Murfreesboro without loss. Mc- 
Millinsville. At Hoover's Gap one of his brigades attacked 
the Confederates and drove them back to the southern 
end, when Reynolds and Brannan supported them with five 
brigades and the Confederates retreated. He operated 
against the front and left north of Garrison Creek. At 
Chickamauga on the 19th by good generalship and fight- 
ing he restored the broken line in his front. He sent help 
to another portion of the line. The quick reformation 
of portions of Palmer's and his troops arrested disaster. 
With Johnson, he largely repulsed the attack on the Fed- 
eral left. He was with Johnson and Palmer in the next 
day's battle. When Reynolds' right was exposed by the on- 
rush of Longstreet through the gap in the Federal line, 
he changed front so that his line was at right angles with 
the line on his left. There he held firmly to Palmer's 
right. The Confederates advanced in the woods in his 
rear. When orders to withdraw from the field were given, 
a force was found to have gained the woods in Reynolds' 
rear. He charged and ousted the Confederates, part of 
whom were driven beyond the Federal left. He performed 
useful service at Lookout Mountain. His courage and 
merit were displayed at Missionary Ridge. Commanded 
defenses at New Orleans from January to June, 1864. In 
command of the 19th corps July 7th, 1864. He was en- 
gaged in organizing forces for the capture of Forts 
Gaines and Morgan and the City of Mobile, June 16th 
to August 2d, 1864. In command on the Mississippi 
River from its mouth to Memphis, October to December, 
1864 ; temporarily of the Military Division of West Mis- 
sissippi, November, 1864, and of the Department of Arkan- 
sas, November 29th, 1864, to the end of the War. 

Ridgely, D. B., Kentucky. Naval Captain. Com- 
manded the Santiago de Cuba. He was successful in the 
capture of blockade runners. He commanded the Shenan- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 359 

doah in both attacks on Fort Fisher. Bull's Bay expe- 
dition. 

Ringgold, Cadwalader, Maryland. Commodore. He 
commanded the frigate Sabine. 

Rodgers, John, Maryland. Commodore. Took the 
first step in the creation of the Mississippi flotilla by pur- 
chasing the Conestoga, Lexington and Tyler, which he 
converted into gunboats at Cincinnati and equipped and 
manned them. He made a reconnoissance in force of Port 
Royal harbor. Performed many useful services in the 
battle of Port Royal, and hoisted the U. S. flag over Fort 
Walker. In the Little Tybee River, near Savannah he 
opened fire on the five Confederate vessels, which were 
driven back. He took possession of Tybee Island. Rod- 
gers made expeditions along the coast following the battle 
of Port Royal. In command of the Galena. He was or- 
dered to ascend the James River to Richmond, if possible. 
After two engagements with batteries, which were silenced, 
the fleet reached Fort Darling. His attack on Fort Dar- 
ling opened the way for the advance of the Army of the 
Potomac within seven miles of Richmond, the Confederate 
army crossing the Chickahominy immediately after. Two- 
thirds of his crew were killed or wounded in the engage- 
ment. With gunboats he convoyed transports with 
supplies for the Peninsula army up the James River. 
Communication of the army on its retreat to Malvern Hill 
was opened June 29th, 1862. Rodgers' fleet cannonaded 
the Confederates during the battle of Malvern Hill, reach- 
ing Magruder's rear. He commanded the Weehawken in 
the naval attack on Charleston, April 7th, 1863, and in 
various operations of the South Atlantic Squadron between 
January and July, 1863. He captured the heavier iron- 
clad Atlanta stranded in Warsaw Sound, Ga. After her 
capture, she was readily repaired. The development of 
the capabilities and qualities of attack and resistance of 
the monitors was much due to Rodgers' daring and moral 
courage. He commanded the Dictator in 1864—5. 



360 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Rousseau, Lovell H., Kentucky. Major General of 
Volunteers. Soon after the outbreak of the War, Rous- 
seau went to Washington and obtained authority to recruit 
a brigade. He proposed and established Camp Joe Holt, 
opposite Louisville, recruiting there. He raised two regi- 
ments of Kentucky troops. He helped protect Louisville 
from Buckner in September, 1861. He was steady at Shi- 
loh, handled his brigade well, and retook McClernand's 
headquarters. At Perryville, when the right was turned, 
he had a battery of six guns worked, stopping the ad- 
vance. He and Jackson commanded the two divisions en- 
gaged of the corps. He repulsed heavy attacks, but was 
finally forced back. The defense was managed largely by 
him. At Stone River, holding the reserve line, he gained 
much credit. He sent a battalion of regulars to assist 
the front. Against the Confederates working around into 
the rear he charged desperately, hurling them back into the 
cedars. Four assaults were made on his position. In 
checking the Confederates, after retiring to a new posi- 
tion, he gave time for the formation of a battle line on 
high ground. Later, his and one of Crittenden's divisions 
put Hardee on the defensive. Tullahoma campaign. 
Around Hoover's Gap he helped drive Confederates from 
the heights north of Garrison Creek. Chickamauga. Chat- 
tanooga. From November, 1863, he was in command of 
the districts of the Tennessee. He was stationed at Nash- 
ville in 1864 for the protection of communications in the ad- 
vance on Atlanta. He prevented Wheeler from damaging 
the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad. July 10th, 1864, 
he started from Decatur, Ala., with two brigades, on an 
expedition into Alabama and Georgia, which he had sug- 
gested and organized. He marched southeast far down 
in Alabama to Opelika, with the important object of sev- 
ering railroad communication with the west, and preventing 
reinforcements and supplies from the west from reaching 
Johnston. He burnt provisions at Youngstown, Ala. He 
reached a point 100 miles in Johnston's rear. He sent 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 361 

out raiders on the Atlanta and Montgomery Railroad, who 
destroyed a large section of it. He did some harm to the 
branch road. He defeated Clanton at the Coosa River. 
He joined the main armies at Marietta. In 15 days he 
had traversed 450 miles, taken and paroled 2,000 prison- 
ers, killed and wounded 200 and captured large supplies. 
Rousseau pursued Wheeler in Tennessee, September 1st 
to 8th, 1864. Forrest started against Federal posts and 
communications in Tennessee. Rousseau's movements cir- 
cumvented him. He repulsed Forrest at Pulaski. Rous- 
seau went after Forrest when Forrest moved east, and 
stopped him from damaging the railroad between Decherd 
and Tullahoma. Forrest pushed on to Columbia, where 
Rousseau confronted him and saved Columbia. Rousseau 
commanded one of the four columns converged against 
him. Rousseau defended Murfreesboro, with 8,000 men, 
during the investment of Nashville, defeating an attack of 
Forrest and infantry, who lost 1,500 men. Rousseau was 
given command of the District of Middle Tennessee, head- 
quarters Nashville, February 12th, 1865. He won honor 
from the War. 

Roy all, William B., Virginia. Conspicuous at Han- 
over C. H., May 27th, 1862. He fought the action of 
Old Church; made a stubborn fight, but was overwhelmed 
by the numbers of the Confederates. He received six 
saber wounds in hand-to-hand conflict, cut through the 
Confederates and joined the main army. He performed 
arduous and faithful service in the recruitment of the 
armies of the United States. 

Russell, John H., Maryland. Lieutenant Commander. 
Was instrumental in the removal of vessels from the Nor- 
folk navy yard, preventing them from falling into Con- 
federate hands. In command of the Colorado. In a boat 
expedition he destroyed the privateer Judah, protected 
by shore batteries and 9,000 men, and regained the Col- 
orado. He was severely wounded, and 20 of his 100 sailors 
were killed or wounded. This stands out among the cut- 



362 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

ting-out affairs of the War. He commanded the Kennebec 
in the passage of Forts Jackson and St. Philip, and was 
present at their surrender. He participated in all opera- 
tions of Farragut's fleet in the Mississippi up to Vicks- 
burg. Engagement with Vicksburg batteries June 28th, 
1862. Attacks on Vicksburg and Grand Gulf. In com- 
mand of the Cyane and Pontine. Blockade at Mobile. 

Sanders, William P., Kentucky. Brigadier General of 
Volunteers. Before Yorktown. Williamsburg. Mechan- 
icsville. Hanover C. H. Maryland campaign. Opera- 
tions in Kentucky, March to July, 1863. He met raid of 
Scott, started July 28th, 1863. Routed him at Lancaster, 
capturing 500. Later 500 more men were taken. Pur- 
suit of Morgan. Blue Lick Springs. Chief of Cavalry, 
Department of the Ohio, September— November, 1863. 
Lenoir. He baffled Wheeler and protected Nashville, No- 
vember, 1863. Wheeler was needed by Longstreet to 
shove infantry to Knoxville. At Campbell's Station he 
was of special use to the army at Knoxville. He con- 
structed rail barricades for his cavalry, and used them 
dismounted to interpose a screen while the infantry dug 
trenches. The time gained to the army was precious. He 
exposed himself dangerously, to keep his men at their 
posts, and was mortally wounded. 

Sands, Benjamin F., Maryland. Naval Captain. Com- 
manded the Dacotah and Fort Jackson. Senior officer, 
in command of the division blockading Wilmington. In 
command of that division from November, 1862, to Feb- 
ruary, 1865. Engagements at Fort Caswell. He com- 
manded the Fort Jackson in both attacks on Fort Fisher. 
From February, 1865, to the end of the War he com- 
manded the division blockading the Texas coast. Gun- 
boats under Sands took possession of Galveston — the last 
city to surrender. 

Saunders, Alvin, Kentucky. Governor of Nebraska. 
He raised 3,000 men for the Federal armies. 

Scott, Gustavus H., Virginia. Naval Captain. Saved 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 363 

army stores at Acquia Creek. Commanded the Keystone 
State, Maratanza and De Soto. He captured the steamer 
Salvor. He was with the blockading squadron occupied 
on the North Carolina coast in maintaining the blockade 
and fighting the shore batteries in Albemarle and Pamlico 
sounds. He captured several blockade-runners. In the 
Marblehead, Scott sustained an attack by the batteries at 
Fort Grimball, Stono River. He took part, commanding 
the Canandaigua, in operations against Charleston, and 
was the senior officer at its surrender. 

Scott, Henry L., North Carolina. Inspector General 
U. S. Army, May 14th, 1861. In command of the forces 
at New York City, August 8th to October 30th, 1861. 

Scott, Winfield, Virginia. Major General United States 
Army. In chief command of the land forces of the United 
States. Prior to Lincoln's inauguration, he caused to be 
organized picked Washington volunteers, and called from 
a distance two batteries of horse artillery, with small de- 
tachments of cavalry and infantry — all regulars. He 
was charged with the protection of Washington at the out- 
set of the War. He directed the army's advance to Bull 
Run. He continued in command till November 1st, 1861. 
He was unable to walk without assistance for three years 
prior to his retirement. 

Seawell, Washington, Virginia. Brigadier General U. S. 
Army. Retired from active service February 20th, 1862. 

Semmes, Alexander A., District of Columbia. Lieuten- 
ant Commander. Commanded the Tahoma, Wamsutta, 
and, in the monitor Lehigh^ he attacked batteries of 
Tampa, April and October, 1863. He conducted a gen- 
eral offensive warfare against forts and batteries on the 
Florida and Georgia coasts, capturing a number of block- 
ade-runners. He made a demonstration at Bayport, Fla., 
in September, 1863, which resulted in the destruction of 
an English blockade-runner. He silenced and passed the 
Howlett house batteries on James River in June, 1864, 
with a midnight bombardment. Bombardment of Fort 



364 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Pringle. In command of the Rhode Island. He partici- 
pated in operations at Charleston until its surrender, in- 
cluding the Bull's Bay expedition. Fall of Richmond. 

Shackelford, James M., Kentucky. Brigadier General 
of Volunteers. Raised two Kentucky regiments. His 
command pursued and captured John H. Morgan, first 
striking Morgan's rear at Buffington Island, and capturing 
about 1,200. He led cavalry to Kingston, Tenn., August, 
1863. Took Cumberland Gap, with 2,000 prisoners. He 
pursued Longstreet after the siege of Knoxville was raised. 
At Bean's Station and Morristown, Tenn., with 4,000 cav- 
alry, he sustained an attack by a Confederate brigade and 
parts of two others with artillery, falling back at night. 

Shanks, John P. C, Virginia. Brigadier General of 
Volunteers. Served with Fremont in Missouri. 

Shirley, Paul, Kentucky. Commander. Captured the 
cruiser J. M. Chapman and the steamer Colon. 

Shock, William H., Maryland. Superintended the con- 
struction of river monitors at St. Louis. In the opera- 
tions against Mobile he was Farragut's fleet engineer. 
Fleet engineer to the Gulf Squadron in 1865. He de- 
signed and constructed an instrument, very successful, for 
the destruction of submerged torpedo electric wires and 
floating torpedoes. 

Shubrick, W. B., South Carolina. Rear Admiral. 
Senior member of the advisory board. 

Shunk, David, Maryland. Brigadier General of Volun- 
teers. Reenforced the right at Pea Ridge. Port Gibson. 
Champion Hills. Big Black River. Vicksburg assault, 
May 22d, 1863. Cedar Creek. 

Smith, Green C, Kentucky. Brigadier General of Vol- 
unteers. Opposed Morgan on his first raid into Kentucky, 
causing him to retreat southward. Wounded at Lebanon. 
Smith creditably defeated Forrest at Rutherford Creek. 

Smith, William, Kentucky. Commodore. Was in the 
frigate Congress when she was attacked and burnt by the 
Virginia. Commanded the Wachusett and .lames River 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 365 

flotilla, May, 1862. Escorted transports to West Point, 
Va., carrying the advance division, May 6th, 1862. He 
rendered aid in the repulse of the Confederate attack on 
the division next day. He sent the Maratanza into action. 
His gunboats did effective work. In command of the Pen- 
sacola naval station. 

Spears, James G., Tennessee. Occupation of Cumber- 
land Gap, June, 1862. He commanded a brigade in the 
successful retirement therefrom to the Ohio River. Mur- 
freesboro. 

Speed, James, Kentucky. Attorney General of the 
United States from November, 1864. 

Spicely, Wm. T., North Carolina. Brigadier General 
of Volunteers. Performed faithful and meritorious serv- 
ice in the campaign against Mobile. Participated in the 
assault on Fort Blakely. 

Spotts, James H., North Carolina. Commander. Com- 
mandant at Key West. Commanded the Magnolia in 
1862 ; the steamer South Carolina in 1863 ; the Pawtucket 
and Powhatan in 1865. He commanded the Pawtucket in 
both attacks on Fort Fisher. He was in the engagement 
with Fort Anderson and other engagements along the banks 
of the Cape Fear River. Bombardment of batteries above 
Dutch Gap in April, 1865. Commanded the Wanderer. 

Stanley, Edward, North Carolina. Military Governor 
of North Carolina in 1862. 

Stanly, Fabius, North Carolina. Commander. Com- 
manded the Narragansett in the Pacific, 1862—64. He 
gave useful diplomatic services in Mexico during this 
period. Ordnance officer of the Mississippi Squadron. 
Commanded the State of Georgia, 1864—65. He arranged 
and commanded the naval part of the expedition up the 
Santee. He commanded the naval part of the expedition 
of Bull's Bay, using 68 guns and 13 field-pieces, and usher- 
ing in the fall of Charleston. In 1865 he commanded Fort 
Johnson. 

Stanton, David L., Maryland. Brigadier General of 



366 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Volunteers. Was conspicuous at Five Forks. Appomat- 
tox campaign. 

Steedman, Charles, South Carolina. Naval Captain. 
Conveyed troops from Havre de Grace to Annapolis after 
the Baltimore encounter. He kept open railroad com- 
munication between the North and Washington at the 
beginning of the War. He assisted in organizing naval 
forces that operated on the Mississippi River in gunboats. 
He led the second column in the attack upon and capture 
of Port Royal. It was the flanking division. Blockaded 
the coast of Georgia in the Bienville, and participated in 
the capture of the ports on that coast south of Savannah. 
Operations on the coast of Florida. He commanded the 
Paul Jones. Capture of Fort McAllister. He operated 
on the St. John's River, Fla., including the silencing of 
the batteries on St. John's Bluff. With the cooperation 
of Brannan, he captured the forts on St. John's Bluff, and 
with gunboats opened and held the St. John's River to 
Lake Beaufort. Blockade off Charleston for several 
months, commanding the Powhatan. He pursued the Flor- 
ida into Brazilian waters. He commanded the Ticonderoga 
in both attacks on Fort Fisher, and the capture of other 
forts at the mouth of the Cape Fear River. 

Stembel, R. N., Maryland. Commander. Helped alter, 
equip and man the Tyler, Lexington and Conestoga. He 
contributed largely to the success at Lucas' Bend. 
He commanded the gunboat Lexington at Belmont, engag- 
ing the batteries at Columbus, and helping save the land 
force. Bombardment and capture of Fort Henry. Oper- 
ations against Island No. 10, March 16th to April 7th, 
1862. At Craighead's Bend he commanded the flag-ship 
Cincinnati, which fired the first shot, hastening to the aid 
of a mortar-boat attacked. He was engaged with Confed- 
erate rams. The Cincinnati was sunk, and he was wounded 
seriously, incapacitating him for further active service. 
He aided in fitting out river gunboats at Cincinnati. 

Stevenson, John D., Virginia. Brigadier General of 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 367 

Volunteers. Port Gibson. He followed Confederates out 
of Jackson. Raymond was won by the advance of his bri- 
gade. At Champion Hills he made a striking charge 
across ravines, up a hill, and through an open field, break- 
ing the Confederate left flank, capturing several hundred 
prisoners and seven guns, and gaining the road in the 
Confederate rear, which cut off Loring, and compelled him 
to cut loose from the army, turning up at Jackson. Stev- 
enson led a successful expedition to drive the Confederates 
from northern Louisiana. He occupied and fortified De- 
catur, Ala. His services during the War were of merit. 

Stokes, James H., Maryland. Brigadier General of 
Volunteers. In command of an artillery division in the 
Chattanooga campaign, October, 1863, to February, 1864. 
Missionary Ridge. 

Stone, Edward E., Georgia. Lieutenant Commander. 
Commanded the Iron Age, South Atlantic Blockading 
Squadron, 1864—65. In the engagement with and capture 
of Fort Anderson, he commanded the monitor MontauJc, 
the foremost vessel, bearing the fire for some hours. He 
was slightly wounded. 

Stout, Alex. M., Kentucky. Brigadier General of Vol- 
unteers. Was engaged at Chickamauga. 

Stribling, Cornelius K., South Carolina. Commodore. 
Commanded the Philadelphia navy yard, 1862—64. He 
was in command of the Eastern Gulf Blockading Squadron 
from February, 1865, to the end of the War. 

Strother, D. H., Virginia. Brigadier General of Volun- 
teers. Pope's Virginia campaign. Red River expedition. 
Hunter's Valley campaign. 

Swann, Thomas, Virginia. Governor of Maryland from 
1864. 

Taylor, Alfred, Virginia. Naval Captain. Navy yard 
at Boston, 1862-65. 

Taylor, Joseph P., Kentucky. Brigadier General U. S. 
Army. Brother of President Zachary Taylor. Commis- 
sary general of subsistence. 



368 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Terrill, W. R., Virginia. Brigadier General of Volun- 
teers. Chief of Artillery of the 2d division, Army of the 
Ohio, in campaign from January to June, 1862. At 
Shiloh the deliverance of the army was accomplished when 
Terrill's battery of 24-pound howitzers, which had just 
arrived from Savannah, dashed up to the support of the 
faltering line, and, with two other batteries, turned the 
Confederate right, thus saving the day. He handled his 
batteries with admirable skill. His battery averted dis- 
aster the next day also when the Confederates forced back 
the Federal left flank, and it did other needed service 
during the day. Advance upon Corinth. At Perryville 
he showed high courage, and was mortally wounded while 
urging forward his brigade against the Confederates. 

Thomas, George H., Virginia. Major General U. S. 
Army. April 21st, 1861, with four companies of his regi- 
ment, he dispersed Marylanders who threatened to tear up 
the tracks of the Pennsylvania Northern Central Railroad. 
Operations in the Shenandoah Valley, June 1st to August 
26th, 1861. In command of a brigade, he forced Jack- 
son's small force back at Falling Waters. He led the 
advance of the Shenandoah Valley army towards Win- 
chester. He drove in outlying forces at Bunker Hill, July 
15th. He reported at Louisville September 6th, and 
served in the Department of the Cumberland, organizing 
Kentucky and Tennessee volunteers at Camp Dick Robin- 
son, Ky., September 18th to October 28th, 1861, giving 
shape to the force which was to grow into the Army of 
the Ohio, afterward the Army of the Cumberland. He 
established Camp Wildcat, to check the advance of Con- 
federates through Cumberland Gap. He saved Lexington, 
Ky., from the Confederates, September 20th. November 
29th, 1861, Thomas was placed in command of all troops 
in the eastern half of Kentucky ; i. e., east of New Haven. 
He assumed command of the 1st division of the Army of 
the Ohio, December 6th. Crittenden advanced against 
Thomas, and Thomas defeated him at Mill Springs, cap- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 369 

turing 12 guns on the field and at the river. Confed- 
erates were getting on the right flank of the 4th Kentucky 
infantry when Thomas appeared and hurried troops hither. 
This victory was beneficial to the Federal morale. It was 
the first success of the Federal arms. In command of the 
right wing, or Army of the Tennessee, in the advance upon 
Corinth, April 9th to May 30th, 1862. Thomas' advance, 
May 17th, brought on a spirited combat, and his troops 
drove Confederates across Bridge Creek. His whole wing 
made an advance. Near Corinth, May 28th, he repulsed 
an attack. In command of Corinth, June 5th to 22d ; at 
Decherd, August 5th— 15th; at McMinnville, August 19th 
to September 3d, and at Nashville, September 7th-14th. 
He was intrusted with the defense of Nashville against 
Breckenridge, while the main army raced with Bragg for 
Louisville. He declined the command of the Army of the 
Ohio, September 29th. He was second in command on 
advance into Kentucky, September 30th to November 7th, 
1862. Soon after the battle of Perry ville Thomas was in 
immediate command of the Army of the Ohio, saving Nash- 
ville by getting troops there ahead of Bragg, who was 
maneuvering to get there first. Thomas was given com- 
mand of the center of the army, November 7th, 1862. At 
Murfreesboro, when the left was giving back, he threw 
Rousseau into the struggle. Confronted from the rear, he 
changed front. When the flanks were turned he withdrew 
troops to a temporary line. He placed batteries on high 
ground, and helped form the troops on a new line there 
when they could no longer hold the temporary line. He 
massed artillery on the heights. The whole right wing had 
been swept back three miles. One-third of the army was 
used up, and Confederate cavalry were in the rear. He 
partly changed front twice, and made the later arrange- 
ments practicable. He held against desperate attacks of 
the Confederate army. At night, his view was that the 
army must not retreat. He made a night attack, January 
2d. The bold stroke at his right endangered Bragg's po- 



370 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

sition, and he fell back. Hoover's Gap. Thomas met the 
Confederates in force on the heights north of Garrison 
Creek. He drove them steadily. He drove them from a 
new position also. June 28th he sent a brigade which 
broke the railroad south of Decherd. He threw troops 
toward Tullahoma. When Bragg evacuated the Tulla- 
homa position, some of Thomas' troops came up with his 
rear-guard at Bethpage bridge. Thomas had led the ad- 
vance, and his execution of the turning movement placed 
Bragg's position in danger, and he fell back and crossed 
the Tennessee River not far from Chattanooga. Passage 
of Elk River. Thomas crossed the Tennessee River thirty 
miles below Chattanooga. September 10th Thomas met a 
resistance that convinced him the Confederate army was 
in his front. He withdrew from a dangerous position, 
Bragg having concentrated to strike him. His cautious 
delay in advancing the center saved that corps from attack 
by Bragg's army. Discovering the position of Bragg be- 
fore Chickamauga, he took the responsibility of having 
the right wing — fifty miles distant on the way to Rome 
— return. At Chickamauga, September 19th, Thomas 
was the ranking officer on the field, in command of more 
than half the infantry divisions of the army. Bragg was 
trying to turn the left and gain the road into Chattanooga. 
Thomas directed Brannan, with two brigades, to recon- 
noiter toward Reed's bridge. Brannan's reconnoissance 
developed the Confederates, and brought on the battle, 
disturbing Bragg's combinations, and taking the keen edge 
of surprise from his blow. Confederate cavalry were met, 
and Forrest called up infantry. Thomas rode forward to 
see conditions and ordered up supports. The Federals 
were beaten back, but the attacking force was overlapped 
on both flanks. Cheatham advanced to the support of the 
attacking force, but was hurled back by a column which 
Thomas had organized. The Confederates struck the line 
a little further down. The line was broken. Five bri- 
gades were borne back with disordered lines. Thomas 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 371 

moved Brannan, in the exigency, from his left to his right. 
Confederates moved through the chasm between Thomas 
and Crittenden. Brannan wheeled upon them from near 
Kelley's house. Bragg's whole right was stopped. To- 
ward night, Thomas selected a more compact line. The 
Confederates attacked at night for an hour and were re- 
pulsed. Thomas made rude breastworks of logs and rails 
along his entire front during the night, which enabled his 
line to withstand front attacks on the 20th. That morn- 
ing, the Confederates outflanked Thomas' left, but he 
placed troops which checked the onrush into his rear and 
flank. He withstood heavy frontal attacks. Later in the 
day, Thomas' extreme left again repulsed attacks simul- 
taneously with an attack upon his right, which, too, was 
repulsed. Longstreet broke through south of Thomas, 
cutting the army in two, and the right hurried from the 
field. Longstreet turned to sweep down Thomas' line, and 
bear down bodies who had gathered on a transverse ridge 
running back to the rear of Thomas' right. Thomas had 
ridden to his right to hurry up reinforcements to the aid 
of his hammered left. Discovering the advancing line, he 
chose the strong position at right angles to his line on the 
spur of Missionary Ridge and placed troops. The Con- 
federates attacked. He fought determinedly. From noon 
Thomas' line stood the attacks of the Confederate army. 
When he found Confederates were on his right and rear, 
he directed Wood to form on the left of Brannan, and noti- 
fied Reynolds that Confederates were in his rear. South 
of the transverse ridge was a gorge. Thomas sent Whit- 
taker's and another brigade against the Confederates on 
the ridge and in the gorge. The Confederates were dis- 
lodged. Twice they charged and were driven back from 
the ridge. On the left also he repulsed an attack of 
Breckenridge. He had a division from the retreating 
right return, and it neared the field about night. In the 
battle Thomas often came within speaking distance of the 
men. In withdrawing, he met a force which had gained 



372 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

the woods in Reynolds' rear. He ordered Reynolds to 
charge them. The Confederates were forced back there. 
Thomas posted brigades to hold the road while the troops 
passed by. Thomas' sturdy stand gave him the name, 
" Rock of Chickamauga." During the night he formed a 
new line at Rossville. Checking of Confederate advance 
on Chattanooga, September 21st. In command of the De- 
partment and Army of the Cumberland from October 19th, 
1863. His turn for order found expression, and he was 
engaged in opening communications by the Tennessee 
River and Lookout Valley for his dangerously isolated 
army, threatened with want. He concentrated the 11th 
and 12th corps at Bridgeport. They connected at 
Brown's Ferry, securing communications. Wauhatchie. 
In the battle of Chattanooga, November 23d, ordered to 
make a reconnoissance, he so disposed his forces as to take 
advantage of success. His reconnoissance in force, secur- 
ing important ground, was well executed, driving Confed- 
erates from their advance line. Thomas took Orchard 
Knob and a hill to the right. Orchard Knob was covered 
by Wood's division. Thomas ordered him to hold it. 
Thomas, taking up an advanced line, caused Bragg to 
weaken his force at Lookout Mountain. Thomas was in 
command of the center and right wing. He gave orders 
that Lookout Mountain be taken next day, having secured 
the adoption of his suggestion that a force be sent to 
attack Bragg's left flank there. He had Eli Long move 
on the Federal left, cross Chickamauga Creek, and raid 
Bragg's communications eastward. His right took Look- 
out Mountain the 24th. On the 25th the men who had 
evacuated Lookout Mountain burnt bridges over Chatta- 
nooga Creek, delaying Thomas' right in the purpose to 
gain the Confederate flank. Thomas' line in the Federal 
center was advanced. This was expected to relieve the 
left from any offensive move by Bragg. His men took the 
first line of rifle-pits. They found themselves exposed to 
a fierce fire from above. They had so rushed the Confed- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 373 

crates that they found themselves in shape to follow to 
more protected ground under the ridge, and the impulse 
was to keep on after the Confederates. The partial move- 
ment upward was augmented, through orders of Wood 
and the other division commander there, who had the 
perception to act at the moment with presence. They 
carried the three lines of works at the base, midway, 
and on the summit of Missionary Ridge. Thomas' right 
had forded Chattanooga Creek, and came upon the flank 
of a Confederate division, which fell back north along the 
ridge, and was thrown on Palmer, where the Confederate 
line had yielded the ridge, many being captured. Bragg 
occupied a second hill in rear of Missionary Ridge and 
resisted there, but Thomas' men moved forward and es- 
sayed to surround it. When almost done, the Confed- 
erates abandoned artillery and hastily fled. Many prison- 
ers were taken there. Bragg's headquarters were in 
Thomas' possession just before sunset. Forty guns were 
captured in the battle. Ringgold. Thomas was engaged 
in reorganizing his army December 1st, 1863, to May 2d, 
1864. He was in supreme command of the whole com- 
bination assembled around Chattanooga. As such, he con- 
fronted Johnston. He made a formidable reconnoissance 
against Johnston at Dalton in February, 1864, trying the 
Confederate line at Buzzard's Roost, February 25th. He 
commanded the Army of the Cumberland, 65,000 men, in 
the Atlanta campaign. His infantry was two-thirds of 
the whole. During the Atlanta campaign, it was Thomas' 
army which generally faced Johnston's line, while the 
other two Federal armies cooperating were employed in 
turning movements. Troops of Thomas' army reconnoit- 
ered toward Tunnel Hill, May 2d, 1864, and developed 
the Confederates in force there. Thomas was engaged in 
operations around Dalton, May 7th— 13th. He took Tun- 
nel Hill, pressed Confederates into intrenchments at Buz- 
zprd's Roost, and attacked at Dug Gap, covering the 
movement of the Army of the Tennessee to Snake Creek 



374 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Gap, having one of his corps hide the flanking army. He 
took a part of Rocky Face Ridge May 8th. He attacked 
Buzzard's Roost Gap. Thomas had only one corps and 
some cavalry at Rocky Face Ridge May 12th, all other 
troops being in motion to concentrate at Snake Creek Gap, 
when Johnston advanced. Wood moved to the support of 
Newton and the Confederates retired. Some of Thomas' 
troops occupied Dalton May 13th, and followed the Con- 
federates toward Resaca. Thomas was engaged in demon- 
strations against Resaca from May 13th until it was 
occupied May 16th. At Resaca Johnston attempted to 
turn the Federal left flank. Thomas moved troops to meet 
him, which arrived just as the flank had been turned and 
pressed back, and they repulsed the Confederates. At 
Resaca, the 15th, some of his troops began the day's battle. 
His men carried some hills. His army did considerable 
fighting. Thomas repulsed an advance to regain a battery, 
which the Confederates had been forced to abandon. 
When Johnston abandoned Resaca, Thomas engaged his 
rear-guard and pursued directly from Resaca. Thomas 
sent a division against Rome, which fought May 17th, and 
captured Rome next day, with machine-shops, iron-works, 
stores and cotton. Cassville. New Hope Church, — some 
of his troops pushed Confederates a mile and a half. 
Thomas made a reconnoissance to Dallas May 26th, to 
determine the position of Johnston's left flank, and open 
communication with the Army of the Tennessee. Pickett's 
Mills. Movement against Pine Mountain, with almost 
daily severe engagements, May 28th to June 20th. The 
shot which killed Polk at Pine Mountain is said to have 
been fired at his order. Some of his troops carried an 
intrenched skirmish line at Pine Mountain. At Adairsville, 
June 18th, he took a portion of Johnston's line, leading 
him to abandon his position. At Culp's Hill Thomas* 
troops at 3 a. m. drove Confederates from a hill a mile in 
front of the center of the 20th corps. At 3 p. m. John- 
ston attacked Thomas' front and was repulsed. Kene- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 375 

saw Mountain battles, June 20th to July 2d. At Kenesaw 
Mountain, June 27th, Thomas made two attacks on 
Johnston's center, and his men got up to the works. 
Ruff's Station. Thomas advised that Atlanta be turned 
by the left flank, and this was eventually done. The Pas- 
sage of the Chattahoochee, July 12th— 17th. Peach Tree 
Creek, July 19th— 21st. On the 19th, some of his troops 
constructed a bridge, and forced the passage of the creek, 
and his army fought its way over. The battle of the 20th 
was fought by Thomas' army, entirely under his personal 
direction. There was a gap of nearly two miles between 
Thomas' present troops and those to the left. Newton was 
the left flank of those with Thomas. Hood advanced in 
lines that overlapped Newton, who was the first division 
struck. The front attack was repulsed, but whole bat- 
talions of Confederates went into the gap. Thomas, be- 
hind the creek, turned some reserve batteries upon those 
battalions and cannonaded the thicket thereabout. The 
flanking Confederates broke in confusion. The attack 
was repulsed all along the line. Hood made a second 
general attack, commencing upon Newton's left. The 
crisis came with the reappearance of Bate's division to the 
left and rear of Newton. Thomas moved the artillery of 
Ward's division, in person hastening up two batteries, 
urging the horses on, using his sword upon them, and 
planted them alongside of two left by Newton. He sat on 
his horse among the guns the moment they were in position, 
and helped direct the fire. It was the turning point of the 
conflict. They fired at short range furiously, and the 
attack was repulsed there, saving his flank. The battle 
passed on to the right, but the Federal line was now com- 
pact, and charge after charge was repulsed. Thomas was 
with the troops at points of extreme danger. Stewart 
drove Thomas' right from its works, and held them until 
driven out by an enfilade fire of batteries placed in position 
by Thomas. During the battle of Atlanta, July 22d, 
Thomas tried to break through the Confederate intrench- 



376 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

meats. At Ezra Church Thomas' whole army front skir- 
mished as a diversion while Hood was attacking the right 
of the Army of the Tennessee. August 4th, one of his 
corps felt the Confederate line heavily, and August 5th 
one of his divisions pushed up against the Confederates. 
August 6th Hood felt Thomas' line from right to left. 
One of his corps carried a line of rifle-pits, and established 
a line close to the Confederate works August 7th. One 
of Thomas' divisions reached the railroad southeast of 
Atlanta August 30th. A part of his army was attacked 
by Hardee's and Lee's corps, which were repulsed. 
Thomas mainly fought the battle of Jonesboro. R. W. 
Johnson's corps, the 14th, in the presence of Thomas, 
under his directions and by his order, attacked Hardee's 
corps, posted behind intrenchments, and dislodged it. 
Nearly 1,000 men, 8 guns and 7 battle-flags were captured. 
One of his divisions carried its entire front. It was the 
most complete and successful assault upon formidable 
works of the whole campaign, and led to the evacuation 
of Atlanta next day. September 2d, the 20th corps of 
Thomas' command entered Atlanta. At Love joy's Station 
part of Thomas' army attacked the Confederates. Thomas 
afterward went to Chattanooga to defend communications 
of the armies at Atlanta. Forrest started September 20th 
against Federal posts and communications in Tennessee. 
Thomas was sent to Nashville September 28th. He con- 
verged four columns upon Forrest. Forrest retreated 
across the Tennessee River. When Hood moved north 
Thomas made dispositions to resist him. From October 
to December he was engaged at Nashville in organizing 
defenses of Tennessee against Hood. He obtained knowl- 
edge of Hood's move toward Gadsden. October 19th 
Thomas was put in command of all the Military Division 
of the Mississippi except the army marching to the sea. 
Hood started north from the Tennessee River October 
19th. Thomas made combinations against him. He di- 
rected the concentration of two corps on Pulaski, with 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 377 

intent to impede rather than seriously dispute Hood's ad- 
vance on Nashville. When Croxton discovered that Hood 
was crossing the Tennessee River, Thomas ordered rein- 
forcements to Croxton, and directed a force toward Co- 
lumbia as a diversion, to confront and delay Hood. 
Thomas also directed a force of 4,200 men against Breck- 
enridge in northeast Tennessee, to try to drive him into 
Virginia. A detachment was sent into North Carolina to 
hold the mountain passes. Breckenridge was pushed into 
Virginia and the Federals entered southwest Virginia, occu- 
pied Bristol and Abingdon, destroyed the railroad and 
advanced upon Wytheville, which was captured with its 
stores. The main Confederate salt-works, at Saltville, 
lead-works, railroad, iron-works, and great quantities of 
stores were destroyed and 500 Confederates were captured. 
Thomas made dispositions for the defense of the line of 
the Duck River. He was trying to delay Hood until he 
could receive troops at Nashville. When Thomas received 
information that Hood was about crossing the Duck River, 
he ordered his advance force back to Franklin. November 
29th, at 3 :30 a. m., Thomas gave positive direction for the 
withdrawal of his advanced force from Columbia. The 
delay to Hood, fighting the battle of Franklin, following 
the previous delays effected by the two corps interposed by 
Thomas, kept him from reaching Nashville until after 
troops from other directions had reached there, which was 
the day after the battle of Franklin. Thomas had no 
force at Nashville before that. Thomas assembled and 
consolidated at Nashville various commands into an orderly 
army organization. At Nashville, Thomas' plan of battle 
was for the left and center to threaten and keep the Con- 
federates opposite them in place, while he had his entire 
right wing make a grand left wheel, with cavalry beyond 
them and overlapping the Confederate left flank. A bri- 
gade in his center took Montgomery Hill, the strong salient 
of Hood's position. The whole line swept forward there, 
and many prisoners were taken about noon. Hood's left 



878 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

was beaten, and the Confederate guns were turned on them. 
The center still held. Wood then defeated the center, and 
Hood fell back to Granny White pike. His left had been 
turned, and 17 guns and 1,200 men had been taken. His 
left was driven eight miles before night fell. The center 
was forced back from both outer and inner works and 
pushed to new ground far in the rear. Hood took a strong 
position during the night. At early dawn Thomas had his 
center moved forward to contact with the opposing line. 
He had his cavalry pass beyond Hood's left and secure a 
lodgment on the Granny White pike. Having reached the 
Confederate rear they moved north, came up back of 
Hood's left flank, got two guns in position and shelled 
Bate there. Thomas' infantry in front attacked, and the 
cavalry charged from the rear as the infantry climbed 
the hill in front. The Confederates on it ran to the right 
and rear. There was a general charge and Hood's left and 
center broke from the field. Here is seen a scientific plan, 
and the battle so ordered that the plan unfolded to a full 
exhibition of its efficacy in practice. Thomas pursued 
continuously. December 18th he ordered troops to Decatur 
to push Hood fsom that direction, threatening his com- 
munications from west of Florence. After Hood crossed 
the Tennessee River, cavalry from Decatur overtook him, 
destroying his pontoon train and his wagons, and captur- 
ing several hundred prisoners. In the Nashville campaign 
Thomas captured 11,857 men and exchanged 1,332. He 
received the oath of submission of 2,207 deserters. 
He captured 72 guns and 3,079 small arms. Hood's fail- 
ure resulted in despondency far and wide. Thomas organ- 
ized various raiding expeditions and sent troops to other 
departments from December, 1864, to May, 1865, which 
materially contributed to the final overthrow of the Con- 
federates. At Eastport, February 23d, 1865, Thomas be- 
gan to arrange for his expedition of 12,500 cavalry, to 
demonstrate against Tuscaloosa and Selma in favor of 
Canby's operations against Mobile and central Alabama. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 379 

Thomas gave permission for an attempt to take Tuscaloosa 
and Selma, which succeeded. Montgomery, West Point, 
Ga., and Columbus, Ga., were taken also. The ram Jack- 
son was destroyed. Macon, Ga., was occupied. 6,766 
Confederates were captured in the expedition. Thomas 
was at Chattanooga March 14th. He gave orders for 
Wood's corps to advance from Huntsville as far into east 
Tennessee as it could supply itself. Thomas sent a cav- 
alry expedition from Knoxville into North Carolina, thence 
toward Lynchburg, March 20th. It destroyed the Vir- 
ginia & Tennessee Railroad from Wytheville nearly to 
Lynchburg. A detachment struck Salem, Va. The expe- 
dition swept through southwest Virginia, blocking Lee's 
communications with that region, and diminishing his scant 
supplies. Turning into North Carolina, it captured the 
prison at Salisbury, and interrupted Lee's railroads, cap- 
turing 14 guns and 1,300 prisoners, and driving the Con- 
federates. Upon receiving notice, April 27th, 1865, to 
disregard the armistice between Johnston's and the Federal 
army confronting him, Thomas made dispositions for the 
capture of Jefferson Davis and his party, which were 
successful. 

Thruston, Charles M., Kentucky. Brigadier General 
of Volunteers. Was engaged in guarding the Baltimore & 
Ohio Railroad in 1861-62. 

Tidball, J. C, Virginia. Brigadier General of Volun- 
teers. Defense of Fort Pickens, April 19th to July 
3d, 1861. Defenses of Washington, July 18th, 1861. 
Bull Run. Defenses of Washington, July 23d, 1861, to 
March 10th, 1862. Before Yorktown. Williamsburg. 
New Bridge. Mechanicsville. Gaines' Mill. Malvern Hill. 
Harrison's Landing. Maryland campaign. Boonsboro. 
He fought bravely and well at Antietam. Shepherdstown. 
Upperville, November, 1862. Fredericksburg. Raid to- 
ward Richmond, April 13th to May 2d, 1863. Chancel- 
lorsville. He commanded a brigade of horse artillery 
in the Pennsylvania campaign. Aldie. Upperville. In 



380 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

eommand of an artillery brigade at Gettysburg, and In the 
advance upon Lee to Warrenton. Defenses of Washing- 
ton, August, 1863, to March, 1864. Wilderness. Con- 
spicuous at Spotsylvania, commanding the artillery 
brigade of the corps which pierced the Confederate line 
at the Bloody Angle. North Anna. Totopotomoy. Cold 
Harbor. Good conduct in the operations before Peters- 
burg. In command of the artillery of the 9th corps, 
October 9th, 1864, to April 2d, 1865. After the capture 
of Fort Stedman, Tidball gathered a large number of 
pieces of artillery and planted them on the hills in the rear 
of the captured works, so as to sweep the space between 
the lines. He opened on the captured works and space 
around, driving the Confederates to bomb-proofs, and ma- 
terially interfering with the deployment of the line of 
battle. He was intrepid and valuable. Conspicuous in 
the assault from Fort Sedgwick on the Confederate works, 
April 1st, 1865. He commanded the artillery brigade of 
the 9th corps in the Appomattox campaign. His record 
in the War is honorable. 

Todd, J. B. S., Kentucky. Brigadier General of Vol- 
unteers. In command of the North Missouri District from 
October 15th to December 1st, 1861. He commanded a 
division in the Army of the Tennessee from June 3d to 
July 17th, 1862. 

Tompkins, Chas. H., Virginia. Brigadier General. At 
Fairfax C. H. he made a dashing attack and won a victory. 
He had two horses shot under him, the second falling and 
severely injuring him. This cavalry success was the first 
of the War. Bull Run. Winchester, May 23d to 25th. 
Gaines' Mill. Shenandoah Valley campaign. Pope's Vir- 
ginia campaign. He commanded the artillery brigade of 
the 6th corps at Gettysburg, Spotsylvania and Cold Har- 
bor. Distinction at Cedar Creek. Operations around 
Petersburg and Richmond, commanding the artillery bri- 
gade of the 6th corps. 

True, James M., Kentucky. Brigadier General of Vol- 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 381 

unteers. Expedition to Little Rock, resulting in its 
capture. 

Turnbull, Charles N., District of Columbia. Chief En- 
gineer of a cavalry corps. Chief Engineer on the cavalry 
raid in June, 1864, including Trevilian Station. Chief 
Engineer of the 8th army corps, and on engineer recruit- 
ing service, November 5th, 1864, to the end. 

Turner, Thomas, District of Columbia. Commodore. 
Commanded the New Ironsides in the attack upon Forts 
Sumter, Moultrie and Beauregard, in Charleston harbor, 
April 7th, 1863, fighting with bravery, judgment and 
ability. Naval operations around Charleston until August, 
1863. 

Upshur, John H., Virginia. Lieutenant Commander. 
His name was changed from Nottingham. Reduction of 
Forts Hatteras and Clarke and forts in the sounds of North 
Carolina in 1861. Commanded the Wabash. Capture of 
Port Royal. He commanded the Flambeau in the opera- 
tions of the South Atlantic Squadron between January and 
July, 1863. Commanded the Minnesota in 1863—64. 
This was Lee's flag-ship in 1864. In command of the 
Frolic. Commanded four boats in the expedition into the 
inland coast waters in the vicinity of Port Royal and Beau- 
fort. Several expeditions up rivers of South Carolina. 
Commanded the A . D. Vance in both attacks on Fort Fisher. 
In the second attack he commanded the reserve division, 
and was charged with the duty of landing troops and 
stores, provisioning the army, and protecting its flank with 
the lighter gunboats. 

Vandever, William, Maryland. Brigadier General of 
Volunteers. Organized a regiment in Iowa and led it to 
the field. Southwestern campaign. Commanding a bri- 
gade at Pea Ridge, he withstood incessant onslaughts of 
the Confederates on the Federal right wing, March 7th, 
and aided in the defeat of the Confederates there next day. 
He marched 45 miles the day before the battle to reenforce 
the army. He showed bravery and merit at Arkansas 



882 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Post. Siege of Vicksburg. Atlanta campaign. At Kene- 
saw Mountain he succeeded in signaling to the officer com- 
manding at Allatoona a message to hold on, as the main 
army was on the way. He was gallant at Bentonville in 
the repelling of the sudden assault of Johnston. He was 
on the right, which held fast. 

Vickers, George, Maryland. Major General of Mary- 
land state militia. 

Walke, Henry, Virginia. Naval Captain. Rendered 
important service in preventing the capture of Fort Pick- 
ens in the start. He assisted in removal of troops from 
the mainland to the Fort, by which the Fort was saved. 
He was in command of the Supply. He commanded the 
gunboat Tyler at Cairo, September 12th, 1861. He made 
a reconnoissance to Columbus, Ky., September 14th. He 
commanded the gunboats Tyler and Lexington and con- 
veyed 3,100 men in transports to Belmont. He protected 
the troops, attacked the batteries at Columbus as a diver- 
sion, covered the retreat of the troops, and prevented the 
Confederates from cutting off a portion of them. He 
opened fire on the Confederates pursuing the troops at the 
landing. In command of the Carondelet at Fort Henry. 
He took charge of Fort Henry until the troops arrived. 
He threw a few shells into Fort Donelson on the 12th. He 
commenced the battle at Fort Donelson alone on the 13th. 
He took position and, as a diversion for the army, threw 
shells into the Fort, which did execution. On the 14th he 
held his position in the front line of battle in the general 
engagement, being the last to retire. He commanded the 
Carondelet at the bombardment of Island No. 10. Pie vol- 
untarily ran the gauntlet of the Confederate batteries 
April 4th with the Carondelet alone, the first example of 
successfully passing the Confederate batteries on the Mis- 
sissippi. He reached New Madrid safely and captured 
batteries below the Island. His exploit caused the imme- 
diate surrender of Island No. 10, and showed the possibil- 
ity of opening the blockade of the Mississippi. After the 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 383 

surrender of Island No. 10, he silenced the heaviest near 
battery below. His success enabled the army to cross the 
river and capture several thousand troops near Tipton- 
ville. He led the fleet in attacking Confederate gunboats 
at the naval battle of Fort Pillow. He rescued the Cin- 
cinnati. The Carondelet, under him, alone remained in 
possession of the battlefield. The Confederate fleet, ex- 
cept the Van Dorn, was destroyed. The Carondelet, 
Walke commanding, was in the front line at Memphis. It 
was the principal gunboat engaged by the ram Arkansas. 
He made expeditions up the Yazoo River, December 11th 
and 12th, 1862, with six vessels, to destroy batteries, clear 
the Yazoo and cover the landing of the army, which duties 
were well performed. He sent tin-clads to find torpedoes. 
December 12th gunboats were sent. One was blown up 
and later the whole fleet worked at clearing the river. 
Passage of Vicksburg, April 16th, 1863. Grand Gulf, 
April 29th. In the Lafayette he led the second division, 
attacking Bald Head. He silenced the main fort on Point 
of Rocks. At the time of evacuation, May 3d, 1863, he 
fired upon the Grand Gulf batteries. Walke was in the 
expedition of May, 1863, up Red River. Fort de Russy 
and Alexandria were captured. His gunboats approached 
Yazoo City May 21st, and the Confederates burnt the 
Mobile and Republic, and another large ship under con- 
struction. He dispersed Taylor's forces at Simmsport, 
and blockaded the mouth of the Red River in June, 1863. 
Commanded the Fort Jackson and Sacramento. 

Walker, W. McC, Maryland. Naval Captain. Com- 
manded the De Soto, one of the most successful blockaders 
during the War, capturing more prizes than any other 
vessel. 

Wallace, Rush R., Tennessee. Lieutenant Commander. 
Commanded the Shenandoah. He was present at the two 
attacks on Fort Fisher. 

Wallen, H. D., Georgia. Brigadier General. On de- 
tached service to the Isthmus of Panama, with 30,000 stand 



384 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

of arms for the eastern armies, 1861. Acting Inspector 
General of the Department of New Mexico, June, 1862, 
to June, 1864. 

Ward, Durbin, Kentucky. Brigadier General of Vol- 
unteers. Western Virginia campaign. Rich Mountain. 
Mill Springs. Pittsburg Landing. Perryville. Stone 
River. Distinction at Chickamauga, where he was severely 
wounded. Atlanta campaign. Nashville. 

Ward, W. T., Virginia. Major General of Volunteers. 
Was placed in command of all Kentucky volunteers south 
of Louisville. He was engaged in the pursuit of Morgan 
in 1862. In command of Gallatin, Tcnn. He served in 
the Atlanta campaign. His men effected a lodgment in the 
Confederate fortifications at Resaca. His division charged 
the retreating Confederates, capturing three guns and 217 
prisoners. With other troops he drove Confederates from 
their battery. At Peach Tree Creek, his division was next 
to Newton's, who was left flank, and was second to receive 
the attack. He resisted strongly. When the Confed- 
erates got around Newton's right flank, Ward advanced 
from cover, and his skirmish line held the Confederates in 
check until the whole division had reached a hill to the 
right and rear of Newton. He drove the Confederates 
back shattered, advanced and filled the interval on Newton's 
right and fortified. Ward commanded a division in the 
March to the Sea and the March through the Carolinas, 
performing effective services in the fights that preceded 
the surrender of Johnston's army. At Averysboro, Ward's 
and another division were deployed in front of the Con- 
federate line. His skirmishers soon developed the Confed- 
erates. He was engaged in the general battle. A brigade 
was sent to the left, and got in the rear of the Confed- 
erate intrenchments. He pursued the Confederates under 
Hardee. 

Watkins, L. D., Florida. Brigadier General of Volun- 
teers. Thompson's Station. Made a reputation in the 
expedition to east Tennessee under Carter, August and 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 385 

September, 1863. Chickamauga. Pillow called upon 
Watkins to surrender the post of Lafayette, June 24th, 
1864. He conducted the defense gallantly, repulsing and 
foiling the Confederates until Croxton reenforced him. 
Gallant and meritorious conduct in defense of Resaca. 

Weaver, Aaron W., District of Columbia. Lieutenant 
Commander. Commanded the Susquehanna. Forts Hat- 
teras and Clarke. Port Royal, capture of Forts Beaure- 
gard and Walker. Fall of Fort Pulaski. Sewell's Point. 
Occupation of Norfolk. Commanded the Winona. En- 
gagement with Confederate batteries near Port Hudson, 
December 14th, 1862. Distinction at Placquemine. 
Weaver, in the Winona, arrived during the engagement at 
Donaldsonville. Some of the Confederates got in the Fort. 
He continued in the engagement till the end, when the 
Confederates retired. He bore a prominent part in their 
repulse. Engagement with Confederate batteries below 
Donaldsonville after the fall of Port Hudson. March 
23d, 1864, he sent boats from the Winona which captured 
a steamer. He commanded the Chippewa in the first at- 
tack on Fort Fisher, and the monitor Mahopac in its cap- 
ture. On advanced picket at Charleston when it fell. He 
took the Mahopac up James River, participated in night 
bombardment of Confederate works near Richmond just 
previous to their evacuation, and was present at the fall of 
Richmond. 

Weightman, R. H., Maryland. Was killed while com- 
manding a brigade at Wilson's Creek. 

Wells, Milton, Virginia. Commanded a brigade at 
Cedar Creek and in the operations around Petersburg. 
His war record is creditable. 

West, Joseph R., Louisiana. Brigadier General of Vol- 
unteers. Served faithfully and with merit in New Mexico, 
Arkansas and the southwest. 

Wheeler, J. B., North Carolina. Chief Engineer De- 
partment of the Susquehanna, June 20th to September 
18th, 1863. Chief Engineer Army of Arkansas, Septem- 



386 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

ber 18th, 1863, to the close of the War. Elkins Ferry. 
Prairie D'Ane. Occupation of Camden. Jenkin's Ferry. 

White, Carr B., Kentucky. South Mountain. An- 
tietam. Brave and faithful service at Cloyd's Mountain. 
He commanded a brigade in Hunter's Lynchburg expe- 
dition. 

Whittaker, Walter C, Kentucky. Brigadier General of 
Volunteers. Shiloh. Stone River. Whittaker's was one 
of the two brigades which stopped the Confederate advance 
into Thomas' rear at Chickamauga. It arrived a reen- 
forcement from the north after Longstreet had routed the 
Federal right, and was coming around into Thomas' rear. 
The two brigades were sent against the Confederates in 
the gorge and on the ridge. They advanced in two lines at 
double-quick. Whittaker plunged into the gorge through 
which Hindman's left was pouring. The Confederates 
were dislodged. Twice the Confederates charged and 
were driven back from the ridge. Whittaker was wounded, 
and four of his five staff officers were killed or mortally 
wounded. He lost 154 men killed, 654 wounded and 518 
missing, total 1,326 — a loss so heavy as to be worthy of 
remark. The two brigades were the salvation of the army 
in the extremity. At Lookout Mountain, Whittaker's bri- 
gade, having crossed Lookout Creek at Wauhatchie, drove 
back Confederate pickets, and ascended the western slope 
of Lookout Mountain to the foot of the palisade. With 
a division, they marched north along the western slope, 
clearing the right bank of the creek of Confederates, and 
covering the crossing for the remaining force. Whittaker 
was highest up. The north end of Lookout was turned. 
His services in the campaign against Atlanta were notable. 
June 20th, 1864, his brigade crossed Nose's Creek, and 
later carried a wooded hill in his front, and barricaded and 
held the position against repeated and furious assaults. 
Johnston's troops were driven back. At Spring Hill 
Whittaker's brigade and other troops came to the relief 
of the dangerously isolated Federal division at about 7 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 387 

p. m. He was placed to cover a cross-road a mile or two 
below Spring Hill. He assisted in holding the turnpike. 
The 28th Kentucky, of his brigade, did large service in 
helping to keep Hood's advance from the pike. He was 
posted where the Confederate line was nearest, to cover 
the passing of the army yet in the rear. Franklin. Nash- 
ville. 

Williams, Robert, Virginia. Brigadier General U. S. 
Army. Hilton Head, Port Royal. Secessionville. James 
Island. Adjutant General, Department of Missouri, of 
the Platte and of the Division of Missouri. 

Williamson, Jas. A., Kentucky. Brigadier General of 
Volunteers. Pea Ridge. He led a brigade at Chickasaw 
Bayou against a formidable force, strongly intrenched, and 
held his ground when all support had been withdrawn. 
He was seriously wounded. He made a name for spirit 
and good conduct in the campaigns against Vicksburg, 
Chattanooga and Atlanta. In command of the District of 
Missouri at St. Louis after the occupation of Savannah. 
Honorable mention for the War. 

Winslow, John A., North Carolina. Commodore. 
Helped construct the Mississippi River flotilla. He took 
two divisions down to Cairo. Fort Pillow. In command 
of an expedition up the White River for the relief of an 
army force, June, 1862. He was placed in command of 
the Kearsarge in 1863. He used chain armor, after Far- 
ragut's example. He fought the Alabama, and disabled 
her. She surrendered and then sank. This was the only 
sea-fight of prominence in the War. 

Wise, William C, Virginia. Commanded the flag-ship 
Malvern in attacks on Forts Strong and Anderson, and 
various operations on the Cape Fear River. He com- 
manded the Malvern on James River during the final move- 
ments against Richmond, it being the first vessel to reach 
the city, and it had President Lincoln on board. 

Witcher, John S., Virginia. Brigadier General of Vol- 
unteers. Brave and useful service in the Shenandoah 



388 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

campaign of 1864, and the final campaign around Peters- 
burg and Richmond. Conspicuous at Ford's Station. 

Wood, Thomas J., Kentucky. Major General of Vol- 
unteers. In Indiana he organized, equipped, mustered 
into service and sent into the field 40,000 volunteers from 
April to October, 1861. In command of a brigade at 
Camp Nevin, Ky., October 16th to December 24th, 1861. 
Placed in command of the 6th division, Army of the Ohio, 
January 15th, 1862. He displayed great energy in organ- 
izing it. Shiloh. Advance upon Corinth. At McMinn- 
ville some of his cavalry worsted Forrest. Wood did good 
service at Perryville. At Stanford, Ky., he engaged artil- 
lery and cavalry, pursuing the Confederates. Advance 
upon Bragg. He avoided an effort to occupy Murfrees- 
boro which Bragg was in position to overwhelm. At Stone 
River, he held the left flank. He helped well, though 
wounded in the foot at ten a. m. After nearly the whole 
army had been forced into a new line at right angles to 
the first position, Bragg, while continuing to press the 
right, sent Breckenridge against Wood. Wood placed 
batteries and disposed troops to meet him. He withstood 
repeated Confederate attacks on the " Round Forest." 
He sent supports to Palmer. Wood managed his com- 
mand with sound judgment, skill and heroism in the crisis. 
Advance on Tullahoma. He occupied Chattanooga, Sep- 
tember 9th, 1863. At Chickamauga September 19th, 
when Hood crushed the right center, capturing artillery and 
seizing the Chattanooga road, he was forced back by Wood 
and other fresh troops. Wood had a horse killed under 
him. On the 20th Wood moved to support Reynolds and 
Longstreet passed through the gap left. After the Fed- 
eral right center was pierced, and a new line was forming 
at right angles to the first line, Wood moved to fill the gap 
between Reynolds and Brannan, coolly changing front 
under fire. He caused one of his brigades to charge with 
fixed bayonets. The Confederates fell back and Wood 
partly filled the gap, preventing Longstreet from cutting 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 389 

off Brannan and then striking Reynolds, and attacking 
the three divisions of the original line which held on the 
left. His men rushed at the Confederates with the bayonet 
and sent them down the slopes. Wood reported to Thomas. 
He resisted furious onslaughts. Wood was struck several 
times and severely contused. November 23d Wood began 
the Chattanooga advance. He led in taking Orchard Knob 
and a hill to the right. He struck in flank Confederates 
fighting the troops laboring for the position on the left. 
A line a mile in advance of the former position, theretofore 
occupied by Confederates, was obtained. At Missionary 
Ridge Wood's men drove in skirmishers, took their part 
of the line at the base, another half way up, and were at 
the fore in taking intrenchments on the crest of the ridge. 
Wood charged on horseback. Part of the Confederate 
line ran, many were captured, and many more threw away 
their arms as they ran. His troops enfiladed the adjacent 
Confederate line. One of his brigades pursued down the 
eastern slope. March to the relief of Knoxville. Dand- 
ridge, Tenn. He participated in all important battles of 
the Atlanta campaign. Operations around Dalton. He 
supported Newton in taking part of Rocky Face Ridge 
from the Confederates, May 8th, 1864. At Resaca, he 
came abreast of Newton, where the latter had gained 
ground, and drove Confederates from their rifle-pits. 
Adairsville. New Hope Church. At Pickett's Mills he 
assaulted. His division marched to strike the Confederate 
right flank. At 5 p. m. he assaulted the main line deter- 
minedly. The Confederates poured a fire on his left flank 
and forced it back, and his right flank was struck also. 
His troops were withdrawn. Battles and skirmishes about 
Pine Mountain and Kenesaw Mountain, June 20th to July 
2d. June 18th Wood and Newton threw forward a strong 
line of skirmishers, partly surprised the Confederates, and 
took a portion of their main line. Johnston abandoned 
his position. June 21st Wood carried an intrenched hill- 
top, and then gained an eminence which commanded the 



390 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

Confederate skirmish line, and permitted the advance of 
the right of the 4th corps. Johnston made three unsuc- 
cessful attempts during the night to dislodge Wood. Pas- 
sage of the Chattahoochee. Wood constructed a bridge 
and forced the passage of Peach Tree Creek, July 19th, 
driving Confederates from its defenses. During the battle 
of Peach Tree Creek, he was somewhat heavily engaged in 
the afternoon to the left of the two-mile gap. In the 
battle of Atlanta, July 22d, after a Confederate advantage, 
Wood struck the left flank, breaking it, and recaptured 
some guns. The Confederates recoiled. Siege of At- 
lanta. Jonesboro. At Love joy's Station, Wood was 
severely wounded, but did not leave the field. During 
Hood's advance on Nashville, one of Wood's brigades, 
sent east for observation, reported Hood's crossing of 
the Duck River. His division protected the train at 
Thompson's Station in an extremity from a cavalry attack. 
He deployed his division on the east of the road to meet 
the attack. His division remained on the right in the 
retreat to Franklin. At Franklin the command of the 4th 
corps devolved upon him, and he handled it with ability. 
He repulsed a charge. He remained in command of the 
corps. In the retreat from Franklin to Nashville, he acted 
as rear-guard. At Nashville, December 15th, Hood's skir- 
mishers fell back before his advance. One of his brigades 
took Montgomery Hill. The whole line swept forward 
there, and many prisoners were" taken. Wood was ordered 
to attack the main line. The Confederates were shelling. 
Wood battled with his whole* corps. His guns converged 
their fire on a fortified hill near Hood's center. Then one 
of his divisions charged, carried the intrenchments and 
took the height. In the assault, the Confederates in his 
front were driven out with a loss of guns and prisoners, 
and their whole line gave way. The retreating line was 
followed by Wood's entire corps. The Confederates were 
forced back to a new position at the foot of Harpeth Hills. 
The second day opened with an advance by Wood at dawn. 



FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 391 

He drove skirmishers, and moved forward till he con- 
fronted Hood's new position. His line came up at one 
point near the salient at Overton's Hill. Wood partici- 
pated in two assaults on Overton's Hill, the second succeed- 
ing. Wood was the leading infantry in the pursuit, using 
artillery, and ably handling his troops. In March, 1865, 
Wood's corps was ordered to advance from Huntsville as 
far into east Tennessee as it could supply itself, repairing 
the railroad. Wood's qualities as a commander were valu- 
able. He was cool and indomitable, and a good discipli- 
narian, and of marked intelligence and activity. 

Wood, William W. W., North Carolina. General in- 
spector of steam machinery. Engineer in chief. He 
rendered valuable service in connection with the steam en- 
gineering service in the navy yards at New York, Phila- 
delphia and Boston. He had charge of the construction 
of the Federal iron-clad fleet, and the machinery of the 
new class of vessels then introduced. The torpedo used 
in sinking the Albemarle was introduced by Wood, and the 
three torpedo steam-launches employed in the exploit were 
his plan. 

Woodruff, W. E., Kentucky. Brigadier General of 
Volunteers. With Jas. V. Guthrie he established Camp 
Clay. They raised the 1st and 2d regiments of Kentucky 
infantry. Knob Gap. He was in the right wing when it 
was suddenly struck at Murfreesboro and forced back. 
He held out long. He had received the attack with vet- 
eran courage. In the second position he gave way only 
before a third attack. His was the last brigade of his 
division to go. He retreated through the woods, then 
turned and charged the pursuers, regaining the former po- 
sition, but, the rest of the line being gone, he retired. He 
then formed on Rousseau's right. 

Yates, Richard, Kentucky. Governor of Illinois. En- 
dorsed Lincoln's call for troops. He was active in raising 
volunteers. He garrisoned Cairo. Governor Yates pro- 
rogued the General Assembly of Illinois in June, 1863, 






392 FIGHTING BY SOUTHERN FEDERALS 

when it was for peace, and conducted the war operations 
of Illinois until the following year. He was a war 
Governor upon whom President Lincoln relied. 



GENERAL INDEX 

For Southern Federal Army and Navy Officers, and other south- 
erners who aided the Federal cause, see Alphabetical List op 
Southebn Officebs COMMANDING Bbigades, Vessels, etc., beginning 
on page 275. 

For Battles, Combats, etc., see Index of Battles, Combats, Actions, 
Engagements and Expeditions, page 403. 



Abingdon, Va., 242 
Ackworth, Ga., 200, 203 
Adams, Confederate General, 87 
Alphabetical List of Southern 
Officers, and other south- 
erners who notably aided, 
275, et seq. 
Anderson, R. H., Confederate 
General, 188, 191, 192, 194, 
264, 267 
Archer, Confederate General, 144 
Abkansas, view of events in, 22, 
29 
Federals of, aid Missouri Fed- 
erals, 24 
campaign in, 80, 110 
re-construction, 171, 179, 182 
Armies, important, commanded 
by southern Federals, 12 
Army of the Cumberland, 112, 
122, 168 
genesis of, 40, 45 
commanded by Thomas, 170 
Army of the James moves 
against Petersburg from 
the north, 191 
Mississippi, 76 

Ohio, 40, 53, 74, 89, 108, 109, 
111, 186 
largely southern in organ- 
ization and composition, 68 
Potomac, 67, 90, 93, 94, 97, 114, 

168, 171 
Tennessee, 76, 85, 112, 186 
West, 48 
Virginia, 90 



Army, United States regulars, 18 
Arsenal, St. Louis, importance of 
possession of, 15 
contest over, 25, 28 
Fort Leavenworth, protected 

by Harney and Reno, 25 
Harper's Ferry, destroyed, 26 
Liberty, Mo., 26 
Little Rock, Ark., 29 
Arsenals, United States, impor- 
tance of possession of, 18 
Assault on the Richmond rail- 
road, 189 
Atlantic Coast, water campaigns, 
44 

Baltimore, Md., 26, 30, 109, 143, 
212 

Bardstown, 108 

Bate, Wm. B., Confederate Gen- 
eral, 164, 214, 242, 244 

Batesville, occupied by Federals, 
80 

Battles. See Index of Battles, 
Combats, etc., 403 

Beauregard, P. G. T., Confed- 
erate General, 41, 74, 104, 
185, 196, 205 
takes command at Shiloh, 72 

Bee, Confederate General, 185 

Bentonville, Ark., 61, 63 

Birthplace fixing status of offi- 
cers, 14 

Bloody Angle at Sootsylvania, 
U9 



394 



GENERAL INDEX 



Bolton, Miss., seized by McCler- 
nand, 135 

Border States freedom conven- 
tion, 180 

Bragg, Braxton, Confederate 
General, 92, 96, 103, 106, 
109, 111, 112, 117, 120- 
122, 142, 150, 156, et seq., 
168, et seq., 237, 256, 257 

Breckenridge, Confederate Gen- 
eral, 96, 104, 119-121, 164, 
166, 196, 202, 227, 237, 242, 
246 

British Government, attitude in 
the War, 80 

Brown, Mayor, arrests collision 
between citizens of Balti- 
more and Federal troops, 
26 

Bruinsburg, 129 

Buckner, S. B., Confederate Gen- 
eral, 45, et seq., 172 

Cabell, Confederate General, 

captured, 234 
Cactochin Pass, 104 
Cairo, 111., 179 

troops sent to by Gov. Yates, 

27 
Mississippi River blockaded at, 

30 
Camp Defiance at, camps of 

instruction, 32 
importance of, naval depot 
under Pennock, 35 
Camp Boone, 46 
Chase, 23 
Clay, 39 

established; Kentucky and 
Virginia Federal volun- 
teers organized at, 22 
Denison, O., 112 
Dick Robinson, Ky., 45 
established, 38, 40, 42 
Kentucky and Tennessee vol- 
unteers organized, 47 
Douglas, III, 112 
Finnegan, 180 
Jackson, 29 
Jenkins, 52 

Joe Holt established by Rous- 
seau, 36 
iNevin, 49 
Wildcat, 48 



Campaign in Arkansas, 80 
in the Carolinas, 258 
against Chattanooga, 89 
to open the Mississippi River 
down to Vicksburg, 62 
Campaigns against Virginia, 33 
by water down the Atlantic 

Coast, 44 
of Knoxville and Chickamauga, 
155 
Campbell, Justice, 156 
Canby, E. R. S., 61, 69, 186, 2-17, 
et seq., 236, 249, 288 
in command in New Mexico, 
12, 34, 52, 77 
of Military Division of West 
Mississippi, 193 
quells New York draft riots, 

153 
operations against Mobile, 251, 

258, 261 
importance of his reduction of 

Mobile defenses, 269 
surrender of* forces east and 
west of the Mississippi 
River to, 272 
Carolinas, march through begins, 

253 
Carter, J. H., Confederate Lieu- 
tenant, surrender of naval 
forces, 273 
Cavalry corps commanded by A. 
Pleasanton, 13 
chief of, R. W. Johnson, Jno. 
W. Davidson, 13 
Cemetery Hill, 146 
Centreville, Va., 99 
Chalmers, Confederate General, 

241, 245 
Chambersburg, Pa., 142 
Chattanooga, Tenn., 94, 95, 155, 
167, et seq. 
Mitchel's expedition against, 

76, 89 
bombarded by Mitchel, 88 
occupation of, 157 
bombarded by Bragg, 169 
Cheatham, Confederate General, 
160, 162, 209, 216, 239, 243, 
244 
Cherokee national council repeals 
ordinance of secession, 124 
Chickahominy River. 84, 86, 90 
Chickamauga Campaign, 1*5, 168 



GENERAL INDEX 



395 



Cincinnati, defenses constructed 
by Mitch el, 47 
under martial law, 102, 153 

City Point, Va., 203, 206 

Clarksburg, Wheeling assembly 
called, 27 

Cleburne, Confederate General, 
141, 162, 167, 214, 215 

Colored Southern Federals, 10 

Commander-in-chief of the ar- 
mies of the United States, 
Winfield Scott, 15 
army and navy of the United 
States, President Lincoln, 
16 

Comparison of numbers of Fed- 
eral combatants from 
northern and southern 
States, 11 
of white population of seced- 
ing and other southern 
States, 11 

Confederate generals, total, 13 

Confederates, total troops, 11 
troops maintained, army 
strength, 10 

Confederate States, recognition 
of, 79 

Connecticut, total Federal 
troops from, 11 

Cooper, Confederate General, 110 

Coosa River, 217 

Corinth, Miss., 76, 84, et seq. 

Corps, southern Federals com- 
manding, 12-13 

Crawfish Springs, 160-163 

Crittenden, Confederate General, 
56 

Cross Hollows, 61, 63 

Culp's Hill, 146 

Cumberland River opened, 61 

Dauphin Island, 252 

Davidson, Confederate General, 
169 

Davis, Jefferson, capture of, 272 

Deer Creek, 125 

Department of Arkansas com- 
manded by Reynolds, 12, 
238 
Kansas commanded by Hun- 
ter, 12 
Kentucky commanded by An- 
derson and Palmer, 11, 12, 
34 



Department of — ■ (continued) 
New Mexico commanded by 

Canby, 12, 52 
Ohio and of Tennessee com- 
manded by Anderson, 11 
the Cumberland commanded 
by Thomas, 12 
Gulf commanded by Hurl- 
but, 12 
Northwest commanded by 

Pope, 12 
Ohio commanded by Mitchel, 

12 
South commanded by Bran- 
nan, Hunter and Mitchel, 
11, 12 
West commanded by Harney 
and Hunter, 12, 16 
Virginia and North Carolina 

commanded by Ord, 12 
West Virginia commanded by 

Carroll, 12 
the Western, commanded bv 

Fremont, 12, 39 
Middle, commanded by Ord, 12 
Departments commanded by 

southern Federals, 11-12 
Dole, Confederate General, 192 
Draft in Maryland and Ken- 
tucky, 187 
riots, New York, Boston, Jer- 
sey City, 153 
Drayton, Confederate General, 

106 
Dry Tortugas held by Jenkins 
against expedition from 
New Orleans, 16 
Dunker Church, 107 

Earlv, Jubal A., Confederate 
General, 142, 147, 191, 192, 
201, 202, 204, et seq., 211, 
et seq., 227, 228, 233, 255 
East Gulf Blockading Squadron 
commanded by Stribling, 
14 
East Tennessee, large numbers 
against the Confederates, 
10 
Nelson distributes arms to 

Federals of, 30 
votes against secession, 36 
union convention, 38 
Federal uprising, 50 



396 



GENERAL INDEX 



Ewell, R. S., Confederate Gen- 
eral, 88, 98-99, 139, 143, 
145, 170, 187-189, 191-194, 
267-268 

Expeditions commanded by 
southern Federals, 13 

Farragut, David G., 57, 82-84, 
97, 110, 121, 135, 137, 140 
152, 217, 221, 266, 303 
vice-admiral, 13, 247 
in command of West Gulf 
Squadron and on the Mis- 
sissippi, 13-14, 62, 95 
attack upon Forts Jackson and 

St. Philip, 77, 78, 80 
New Orleans captured by, 79 
attack upon Vicksburg by, 90- 

95 
Red River blockaded by, 125- 

128 
attack upon Mobile defenses, 
180, 219 
Fayetteville, Ark., 63 

N. C, 256 
Federal combatants, numbers 
from northern and south- 
ern States compared, 11 
Federals, southern, total number, 
10. See Alphabetical List 
colored, 10 
Florence, Ala., 235-236 
Florida, fails to take possession 
of Fort Pickens, 16 
expedition, 124, 180 
Forney, Confederate General, 137 
Forrest, Confederate General, 
95-99, 101, 115, 160, 221, 
227, 229, 230, 236, 238, 241, 
242, 247, 262 
Fort Alexander, 265 
Bartow, 58 
Clifton, 203 
Denison commanded by Judah, 

98 
Gilmer, 229 
Gregg, 264 
Leavenworth, 25, 34 
Lee, 254 
McHenrv, 249 
Macon, N. C, 69, 80 
Parsons, 252 
Sanders, 177 
Smith, 182 
Taylor, 24 



Fort — (continued) 

Union, N. M., 28, 52, 53 
Whitworth, 264 
Fox's Gap, 105 

Frankfort, Ky., secret meeting 
of prominent Federals at, 
28 
arsenal, capture of prevented 
by Thomas, 47 
Franklin, Va., 109 
Frederick, Md., 27, 28, 104 
Fredericksburg campaign, 113- 

115 
French, Confederate General, 230 
French Government, attitude in 

the War, 79 
Frost, Confederate General, 114 

Garland, Confederate General, 

106 
Garnett, Confederate General, 

39-40 
General officers, southern Feder- 
al. See Alphabetical List 
total, 13 
Generals, Confederate, total, 13 

Federal, total, 13 
German blood composes St. Louis 

Wide-Awakes, 15 
Gettysburg campaign, 138 
Giltner, Confederate General, 

203, 230 
Gordon, John B., Confederate 

General, 212, 253, 268, 270 
Governors, southern Federals 

governors of northern 

States, 18-19 
States and Territories, 18-20 
raise troops, 185 
Gracie, Confederate General, 206 
Grand Ecore, 183 
Greeneville, Term., 226 

Hagood, Confederate General, 

205, 223 
Halltown, 221 
Hampton, Wade, Confederate 

General, 207, 257 
Hardee, Confederate General, 96, 

120, 178, 195, 199, 200, 213, 

215, 216, 224, 225, 247, 256, 

257 
Harris, Confederate Governor of 

Tennessee, driven from 

Nashville, 22 



GENERAL INDEX 



397 



Harrishurg, Pa., 138 
Harrodsburg, Ky., Ill 
Henderson's Hill, 185 
Heth, Confederate General, 103, 

103, 143, 188 
Hickman, Ky., 45 
Hicks, Thos. H., Governor of 
Maryland, 16, 19, 24, 26- 
28, 31 
Hill, A. P., Confederate General, 
100, 102, 139, 144, 169, 187- 
188, 197, 253 
Hindman, Confederate General, 

102, 113, 116, 166 
Hoke, Confederate General, 184, 

193, 201, 205, 247, 256 
Holly Springs, 112, 115 
Holmes, Confederate General, 

93, 151 
Home Guards, 96 

formed in Missouri, 15 
organized and Camp Jackson 

captured, 29 
fired upon and terrify St. 

Louis, 29 

formed in Kentucky to receive 

arms from Washington, 30 

Missouri, growth of, 35 

at Cynthiana, Ky., dispersed, 40 

Hood, Confederate General, 195, 

198, 213, et seq., 252 
Horse Shoe Ridge, 163 

Illinois, opposition to passage 

of northern army against 

the South, 18 
total Federal troops furnished 

by, 18 
General Assembly for peace, 

139 
Imboden, Confederate General, 

139, 144, 148, 151, 200, 201 
Indiana, power of, thrown to 

Federals, 19 
"military bill," 140 
Indian Territory, Federals fol- 
low Cooper into, 110 
Iowa, total Federal troops from, 

11, 19 
Iron-clads, Mississippi, origin 

and construction, 34, 37- 

38, 49 
first launched, 49 
Iverson, Confederate General, 145 



Jackson, T. J., Confederate Gen- 
eral, 38, 82, 84, et seq., 104, 
106, 131, et seq. 
Jackson, Governor of Missouri, 
maneuvers to gain the St. 
Louis arsenal, 25 
orders militia assembled, 28 
camp to seize the St. Louis 

arsenal, 28 
collects forces at Jefferson 

City for a campaign, 32 
calls Missouri to arms and 

adopts war measures, 36 
deposed, 41 
James River, 84, 90, 91, 93, 94, 
155, 204, 206, 210, 252, 265 
Jenkins, Confederate General, 

192 
Johnson, Andrew, 20, 22, 62, 271, 

323 
Johnson, Bradley, Confederate 

General, 213 
Johnson, Bush rod, Confederate 

General, 205 
Johnson, Edward, Confederate 

General, 82, 148, 193 
Johnson, Confederate Kentucky 

Governor, 75 
Johnston, Albert Sidney, Con- 
federate General, 57, 71, 72 
Johnston, Joseph E., Confederate 
General, 41, 81, 86, 135, 
154, 179-181, 186, 194, 198, 
et seq., 255, 257-258, 271, 
272 
Jones, Sam'l, Confederate Gen- 
eral, 272 
Jones, Confederate General, 201, 
202 

Kentucky, not a support of the 
Confederacy, 9 
neutrality, 32 
total Federal troops from, 11, 

23 
commissioned officers, 13 
how the State was swung, 21 
Federal regiments of, in vari- 
ous battles, 23 
arming of Federals in, 28, 30, 

33, 36 
congressional election, 38 
concentration of volunteers, 40, 
42, 46, 47, 48 



398 



GENERAL INDEX 



Kentucky — (continued) 

secession measures, 31, 52, 53, 
110 

Kershaw, Confederate General, 
201 

Key West, 16, 24, 62 

Knights of the Golden Circle at- 
tempt to seize Louisville, 
41 

Knoxville, Tenn., 155, 156, 171, 
172, 177, 178, 253 

Lane, Henry S., Governor of 

Indiana, 19 
Lay's Ferry, 195 
Lee, Fitzhugh, Confederate Gen- 
eral, 263, 268, 269, 270 
Lee, Robert E., Confederate Gen- 
eral, 67, 87, 91-93, 95, 99, 
100, 103, 104-108, 113, 128, 
et seq., 144, et seq., 153, 
169, 171, 177-178, 187, et 
seq., 201, et seq., 222, 223, 
229, 235, 253, 259, et seq., 
270 
Lee, S. D., Confederate General, 

137, 243 
Lee, Samuel P., 78-80, 95, 127, 
128, 187, 189, 203, 218, 226, 
273, 328 
in command of North Atlantic 
Blockading Squadron, then 
of Mississippi Squadron, 
14, 103, 234 
in the front of the fight at 
Forts Jackson and St. 
Philip, 78-79 
attacks upon Vicksburg, 84, 92 
appointed acting rear-admiral, 
103 
Lee, W. H. F., Confederate Gen- 
eral, 268 
Lexington, Va., 202 
Lincoln, Abraham, 28, 35, 38, 
117, 330 
military direction exercised by, 

16 
reenforcement of Fort Sumter, 

17 
call for volunteers, 18 
arms granted for Federals of 
Kentucky and East Ten- 
nessee, 30 
refusal of, to remove Federal 
troops from Kentucky, 42 



Lincoln, Abraham — (continued) 
expedition for capture of New 

Orleans ordered by, 52 
in Richmond, Va., 266 
assassinated, 271 
Little Round Top, 146 
Longstreet, James, Confederate 
General, 105, 124, 127, 128, 
139, 157, 162, et seq., 172, 
177, 182, 184, 188, 204 
Loring, Confederate General, 

136, 209 
Lost Mountain, 200, 205 
Loudoun Heights, 104 
Louisiana, total Federal troops 
from, 11 
reconstruction, 180, 217 
Louisville, Ky., 22, 23, 30, 101, 
108, 180 
union meeting, 26 
citizens form the " Union 

Club," 31 
magazine, 31 

attempt of Knights of the 
Golden Circle to seize, 41 
threatened, 46, 47 
under martial law, 152 



McCulloch, Confederate General, 
39, 42, 52, 61, 64 

Mcintosh, Confederate General, 
61 

Magoffin, Governor of Kentucky, 
proclamation of neutrality, 
32 
removal of Federal troops 
from Kentucky urged by, 
42 

Magruder, Confederate General, 
93, 121 

Mahone, Confederate General, 
218 

March to the Sea, 231, 237, 247 

Marmaduke, Confederate Gen- 
eral, 37, 116, 122, 123, 234 

Marshall, Humphrey, Confeder- 
ate General, 55, 104 

Marye's Heights, attacks on, 115 
carried by Xewton, 134 

Maryland, not a support of the 
Confederacy, 9 
total Federal troops from, 11 



GENERAL INDEX 



399 



Maryland — (continued) 

volunteers drawn forth against 
Lee's Maryland and Penn- 
sylvania campaigns, 19, 
103 
how the State was swung, 20, 

43 
Baltimore encounter, 26 
members of the Legislature 

arrested by Federals, 46 
campaign, 103 
Mason, Confederate commission- 
er, 52 
Maury, Confederate General, 271 
Merrimac, 65. See Virginia 
Military Division of Mississippi, 
11 
West of the Mississippi, 11, 
193 
Mine Run campaign, 171, 177 
Mississippi expedition, 113 
River, blockade at Cairo, 30 
war importance of, 35 
clear to commerce, 154 
Missouri, not a support of the 
Confederacy, 9 
total Federal troops from, 11 
" Wide-A wakes," 15, 21 
Home Guards, 15, 21 
winning the State, 21 
number of Federal regiments, 

23 
arms obtained, 25 
capture of Camp Jackson, 29 
peace agreement, 32 
secession effort, 49 
hostilities, 36 

Jefferson City captured, 37 
martial law declared, 42 
militia, 76-77, 94 
Montgomery Hill, 243 
Morgan, John H., Confederate 
General, 40, 81, 94-96, 98, 
151-154, 203, 204, 226 
Mountain region of the South 
disaffected toward the 
Confederacy, 10 
Murfreesboro, Tenn., 95, 101, 
103, 112, 116 
campaign, 116-117 

Nashville, Tenn., 98, 103, 104, 
111, 112, 221, 237 
campaign by Federals, 55 
surrender of, 61 



Nashville — (continued) 

Hood's campaign, 237-252 
Naval commanders, southern 
Federal, 13-14 
total, 13 
Native southerners living in the 

North, Federals, 10 
Navy, United States, total south- 
erners leaving and remain- 
ing, 13 
at the outbreak of the War, 14 
work of in the War, 15 
iron-clads built, 14 
origin of Mississippi iron- 
clads, 34 
first wooden gunboats in west- 
ern rivers, 34 
gains in 1861, 54 

the Tennessee River to Flor- 
ence, 58 
Nebraska Territory, Federal 

troops from, 19 
Negroes, southern Federal, 10 
Neuse River, 125 
New Jersey, peace resolutions 
passed by the House of 
Representatives, 125 
New Mexico Territory, Federal 
troops from, 19 
Confederates caused to leave, 
77 
New Orleans, La., naval expedi- 
tion, 52 
occupied by Farragut, 79 
importance of, and effects of 
its capture, 79-80 
Norfolk, Va., and navy yard 
evacuated by Federals, 27 
occupied by Federals, 83 
North, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6. See Federals 
native southerners living in the, 

Federals, 10 
saved from defensive and of- 
fensive measures by con- 
tiguous southern States, 24 
Washington cut off, 26, 28 
North Atlantic Blockading 
Squadron commanded by 
S. P. Lee, 14 
L. M. Goldsborough, 14, 44 
North Carolina, 85 
secession of, 32 

independence of State Govern- 
ment declared, 49 
Federal convention elects pro- 
visional governor, 52 



400 



GENERAL INDEX 



Number, total, of southern Fed- 
eral general officers, 13 

Federal and Confederate Gen- 
erals, 13 

southerners leaving and re- 
maining in the United 
States navy, 13 

southern Federals command- 
ing vessels, 13 

Ohio River, attempt of Confed 

erates to blockade, 106 
Opelousas, 128 

Ord, E. O. C, 50, 54, 87, 93, 105, 
108, 137, 140, 150, 153, 155, 
179, 182, 212, 215, 229, 249, 
259, 261, et seq., 345 
in command of the Middle De- 
partment, Department of 
Virginia, and Department 
of Virginia and North 
Carolina, 12, 250 
in command of the 13th, 8th, 
18th and 24th corps, 12 
at Hatchie Bridge, 110 
of the Army of the James, 
250 
Lee's way at Appomattox 
blocked by, 270 
Overton's Hill, 244-245 

Pegram, Confederate General, 

39-40, 130, 232 
Perry, Confederate General, 148 
Petersburg, Va., 203, 208, 266 
Pettigrew, Confederate General, 

125 
Pickett, Confederate General, 

148-149, 201, 261, 263-264 
Pierpont, Francis H., 20, 38 
Pillow, Confederate General, 45, 

208 
Po River, 191, 192 
Point Lookout, 213 
Polignac, Confederate General, 

181 
Polk, Confederate General, 45, 

62, 158, 162, 178, 204 
Pope, John, 12, 40, 44, 48, 54, 62, 

69, 75, 76, 83, 85, 91, et 

seq., 352 
in command of the main army 

in the east, 11, 90, 101 



Pope, John, in command of — 
{continued) 
Department of the North- 
west, 12, 104 
Military Division of the Mis- 
souri, 253 
captures around Tiptonville 
by, 75 

Population, white, in seceding 
and other southern States, 
11 

Potomac River, blockaded by 
Confederates, 38, 66 

Price, Sterling, Confederate Gen- 
eral, 32, 36, 44, 47, 48, 52, 
58, 59, 63-64, 70, 102, 105, 
108, 109, 151, 157, 184, 224, 
et seq. 

Raids, or expeditions, command- 
ed by southern Federals, 
13, lie 

Raleigh, N. C, 271 

Ramseur, Confederate General, 
212, 232, 233 

Recruitments, Federal, by south- 
erners, 20, 22, 23, 25, 31 

Richmond, Va., 266 

Robertson, Confederate General, 
144 

Robinson, Jas. F., 19 

Roddy, Confederate General, 168 

Rodes, Confederate General, 139, 
227 

Rome, Ga., 195, 196 

Rosser, Confederate General, 263 

Rossville, 166, 168, 175 

St. Louis, Mo., 16, 36, 228 
protection of property in, 15 
" Wide-Awakes," 15 
arsenal, 15, 25, 28 
forces in, 29 
encounter in, 29 
Savannah, Ga., 57, 242, 249 

Tenn., 67, 70 
Secession of southern States, 29, 

32, 33 
Secessionists in Missouri organ- 
ized as minute men, 15 
Seminary Ridge, 144 
Semmes, Confederate Admiral, 

265 
Shelby, Confederate General, 122, 

169 
Shelby ville, 122 



GENERAL INDEX 



401 



Shenandoah Valley, or Valley of 

Virginia, 204, 255 
Sibley, Confederate General, 77 
Siege of Fort Macon, N. C, 69 
Lexington, Mo., 46 
Knoxville, 178 
Vicksburg, 137 
Slave-holding States that re- 
mained in the Union after 
Lincoln became President, 
16 
Slidell, Confederate Commission- 
er, 52 
Smith, E. Kirby, Confederate 
General, 70, 76, 80, 97, 101, 
103, 109, 111, 183, 272 
Smith, G. W., Confederate Gen- 
eral, 242 
Snodgrass Hill, 163, 166, 167 
South, 14. See Confederates 
mountain region of, disaffected 

to the Confederacy, 10 
soldiers from, supporting the 
United States in the War, 
10 
natives of, living north, who 
fought the Confederates, 
10 
Federal generals born in the, 
13 
naval officers from the, 13 
navy placed or supported Fed- 
eral armies down in the, 15 
South Anna River, 200 
South Atlantic Blockading 

Squadron, 143 
South Carolina, fails to take 
possession of Fort Sumter, 
16 
Union Convention, 196 
Southerners who served in the 
United States navy, total, 
13 
left the United States navy, 
total, 13 
classification, 14 
Southern Federals, total number, 
10. See Alphabetical List 
Springfield Landing, 182-183 
Stanton, Frederick P., 19 
State Guard, Missouri, 42 
States, southern, that served as 
buffers against the Con- 
federacy, 24 
Steuart, Confederate General, 
193 



Stevenson, 76 

Stewart, Confederate General, 

164, 213, 241, 257 
Stuart, J. E. B., Confederate 

General, 54, 133, 139, 141, 

143, 144, 149 
Sunflower River, 125 

Tanner's Ferry, 195 
Taylor, Richard, Confederate 
General, 88, 126, 127, 140, 
182-183, 186, 272 
Tennessee, total Federal troops 
from, 10. See East Ten- 
nessee 
Federals aid Federal Ken- 
tucky, 24 
secession of, 29, 36 
Nashville campaign, 55 
Tennessee and Kentucky cam- 
paign, 97 
Thomas, George H., 38, 40, 68, 
70, 84-85, 89, 96, 98, 150, 
156, et seq., 172, et seq., 
187, et seq., 198, et seq., 
207, et seq., 228, 236, et 
seq., 255, 256, 258, 259, 271, 
368 
main army in the west com- 
manded by, 11 
in command of the Military 
Division of the Mississip- 
pi, 11, 231 
Department of the Cumber- 
land, 170 
Army of the Cumberland, 

170 
14th corps, 12 
Army of the Tennessee, 76 
nucleus of the Army of the 
Cumberland formed by, 
45, 47 
victorious at Mill Springs, 56- 

57 
Army of the Ohio conducted 

toward Nashville by, 111 
in Murfreesboro battle, 119 
" Rock of Chickamauga," 166- 

167 
in Chattanooga battles, 173-174 
reconnoissance on Dalton, 180- 

181 
troops under, in the Atlanta 

campaign, 186 
Tullahoma campaign, 141 



402 



GENERAL INDEX 



Thomas, George — (continued) 
Peach Tree Creek, 213 
in Jonesboro battle, 225 
decisive battle of the War — 
Nashville — won by, 246 

Thompson, Jeff, Confederate 
General, 272 

Todd's Tavern, 191 

Tompkins, Chief of the Knights 
of the Golden Circle, 
kiUed, 41 

Total number of southern fed- 
erals, 10 

Trent arrest of Mason and bli- 
dell, 52 

Trent's Reach, 252 

Tulifinny Cross Roads, 249 

Tupelo, Miss., 92, 96 

Union Club, Louisville, 31 
Union Safety Committee formed 

in St. Louis, 15 
United States army, regulars, 18 
arsenals, 18. See Arsenal 
Government occupies Forts 
Sumter and Pickens, 16- 

United States navy. See Navy 

Vallandigham, 138, 151 
Van Dorn, Earl, Confederate 
General, 63, 64, 70, 108, 115 
Vaughn, Confederate General, 

229 
Vessels. See Navy 
Vicksburg, Miss., 90, 92, 94, 114- 

116, 125, 127, 168 
Virginia, total Federal troops 
from, 11. See Western 
Virginia 
campaigns against, 33 
secession of, 25, 26, 33 
entered by Federal troops, 33 
northwestern, cleared of Con- 
federates, 33 
Virginia, Federal, organization 
of Government, 20, 23, 38, 
39 
Convention authorizes creation 
of State of West Virginia, 
43 
legislative consent thereto, 83 



Walker, Confederate General, 

112, 167 
Walker, R. Lindsay, Confederate 

General, 269 
Washington, D. C, protection of, 

16, 26, 28 
Western Department, 12, 37, 39 
Western Virginia, Confederates 

expelled, 22 
Wheeling assembly, 27, 30, 32 
arms for Federals of, 30 
Convention, 36, 37, 43, 53 
Constitution, 53, 69 
West Gulf Blockading Squadron, 

commanded by Farragut 

and Bell, 13-14 
West Point, southern graduates 

on the Federal side, 13 
West Tennessee army, 115 
West Virginia, sides with the 

Federals, 10 
the formation. of the State, 22 
act for admission of, approved, 

117 
State of, comes into being, 140 
Wharton, Confederate General, 

232, 234 
Wheeler, Confederate General, 

117, 168, 169, 179, 221, 225 
Wheeling, Federal arms distrib- 
uted from, 30 
Assembly, 30, 32, 38 
" Wide- Awakes," 15 
Wilcox, Confederate General, 87, 

148, 188 
Wilcox's Landing, 207 
Wilkesboro, N. C, 258 
Wise, Henry A., Confederate 

General, 203 
Wright, Confederate General, 

147, 148 
Woodstock, Va., 228 

Yazoo City, 136 

Yazoo River, 95, 114, 125, 136 

Haines' Bluff, 116 

Chickasaw Bluffs, 117 

expedition from the north, 124 
York, Pa., 142 
York River, 81, 86 

Zollicoffer, Confederate General^ 
45, 47, 48, 56 



INDEX OF BATTLES, COMBATS, 

ACTIONS, ENGAGEMENTS 

AND EXPEDITIONS 



Adairsville, 196 
Albemarle, 187, 234 
Aldie, 140 

Alexander's Bridge, 159 
Alexandria, 128, 135, 181 
Allatoona Creek, 230 
Allatoona Pass, 230 
Allen's Farm, 92 
Amelia Springs, 266 
Anderson, Fort, 125, 254 
Annapolis, 27 
Antietam, 107 
Apache Canon, 69 
Appalachicola, 69 
Appomattox C. H., 268-270 
Appomattox Station, 269-270 
Arkansas Post, 122-123 
Arkansas River, 210 
Asheville, 272 
Ashland, 90, 200, 256 
Atchafalaya, 203 
Athens, 227 
Atlanta, 215, 221, 224 
Atlanta, 140 
Auburn, 169 
Averysboro, 256 



Bacon Creek, 54 

Baker's Creek, 135 

Bald Head, 129 

Bald Hill Knob, 215, 216 

Baltimore, 26 

Barnesville, 104 

Baton Rouge, 82, 83, 96 

Bayliss Creek, Va., 222 

Bayou Fourehes, 157 

Bayou Pierre, 183-184 

Bayport, 168 

Bean's Station, 178 

Beaufort Harbor, N. C, 80 

Beauregard, Fort, 51 



403 



Beaver Dam Creek, 90 

Belmont, 50 

Bentonville, 257 

Bermuda Hundred, 187, 196, 201, 

204, 205 
Bethesda Church, 200 
Beverley Ford, 139 
Big Black River, 136 
Big Blue, 234 
Big Mulberry Creek, 262 
Bisland, Fort, 127 
Blackburn's Ford, 40 
Blackford's Ford, 108 
Black River, 181 
Blackwater, 109, 126 
Blakely, Fort, 252, 263, 265, 269 
Boonsboro, 105, 211 
Booneville, 37 
Boteler's Ford, 108 
Bowling Green, 60 
Boydton Road, 235 
Boydtown, 261-262 
Brandy Station, 139, 155, 169 
Bridgeport, 76, 80, 150, 170 
Bridgeville, 266 
Bristoe, 98, 169 
Broad River Expedition, 238 
Brown's Ferry, 170, 171 
Brownsville, 53 
Brunswick, 62 
Brush Mountain, 207, 208 
Budd's Ferry, 50 
Buffington, 129 
Buffington Island, 154 
Buford's Station, 247 
Bull Run, 41, 100 
Bull's Bay Expedition, 254 
Bull's Gap, 237 
Bunker Hill, 40 
Burnt Hickory, 199 
Butler, Fort, 142 
Buzzard's Roost, 180, 190 



404 



INDEX OF BATTLES 



Cairo, 27, 32 

Calhoun, 179 

Camden, Ark., 184, 185 

Camden, N. C, 77 

Campbell's Station, 172 

Cane Creek, 170 

Cane River, 185 

Cape Fear River, 251, 254 

Carlisle, 144 

Carrick's Ford, 40 

Carroll Station, 229 

Carthage, 39 

Cassville, 197 

Caswell, Fort, 124, 251 

Cave City, 50 

Cedar Creek, 231 

Cedar Mountain, 96 

Cedar Run, 96 

ChaflBn's Bluff, 229 

Chaffin's Farm, 228 

Chalmette batteries, 79 

Champion's Hill, 135 

Chancellorsville, 131-133 

Chantilly, 102 

Chaplin Hills, 110 

Charles City Cross Roads, 93 

Charleston, 126, 171, 251, 254 

Charleston harbor, 89, 152, 156 

Charlestown, 223 

Chattahoochee River, 210-212 

Chattanooga, 172, et seq. 

Cheat Mountain, 46 

Cheraw, 255 

Chickamauga, 159, et seq. 

Chickasaw Bluffs, 116-117 

Chuckatuck, 128 

Cincinnati, 102, 153 

Clarendon, 210 

Clark, Fort, 44 

Clinch, Fort, 62 

Cloyd's Mountain, 192 

Cobb's Point, 59 

Coggin's Point, 96 

Cold Harbor, 200, et seq. 

Columbia, Tenn., 229, 238 

Columbia, S. C, 254 

Columbus, Ga., 271 

Columbus, Ky., 45 

Corinth, 109 

Corpus Christi, 97 

Covington, 112 

Craig, Fort, 52, 61 

Craighead's Bend, 83 

Crampton's Gap, 106 

Crater, 218 



Cross Keys, 88 
Culpeper, 155, 158 
Gulp's Farm, 208 
Culp's House, 208 
Cumberland Gap, 89, 107, 156 
Cynthiana, 204 

Dabney's Mills, 253 

Dallas, 198, et seq., 229 

Dalton, 180, 194, 221, 231 

Dandridge, 179 

Darbytown Road, 230, 235 

Darling, Fort, 84, 194 

Davidson, Fort, 228 

Deatonville, 267 

Decatur, Ala., 231, 234, 246, 249 

Decatur, Ga., 211, 215 

Deep Bottom, 207, 210, 222 

De Russy, Fort, 134, 181 

Deveaux's Neck, 242 

Diamond Hill, 206 

Dinwiddie C. H., 262 

Donaldsonville, 142, 153 

Donelson, Fort, 59-60 

Dranesville, 54 

Drewry's Bluff, 84, 196 

Droop Mountain, 171 

Dry Forks, 39 

Duck River, 122, 238, et seq. 

Dug Gap, 181, 190 

Dug Springs, 42 

Dutton's Hill, 126 

Ebenezer Church, 263 
Edgefield Junction, 98 
Elizabeth City, 59 
Elk Horn Tavern, 63-65 
Elk River, 150 
Elk Water, 46 
Emory, 156 
Ezra Church, 217 

Fairfax C. H., 35 
Fair Oaks, 86, 235 
Falling Waters, 38 
Farmington, 83, 169 
Farmville, 268 
Fernandina, 62 
Finnegan, Camp, 180 
Fisher, Fort, 247, 248, 250 
Fisher's Hill, 228, 233 
Five Forks, 263 
Florida Expedition, 180 
Folly Island, 152 



INDEX OF BATTLES 



405 



Four Mile Creek, 205, 317 
Franklin, 239-240 
Frayser's Farm, 93 
Frederick City, 104 
Fredericksburg, 115, 196 
Front Royal, 85 

Gaines, Fort, 179, 218, 219 
Gaines' Mill, 90-92 
Gallatin. 96, 98 
Galveston, 98, 121, 273 
Garnett's Farm, 92 
Garrison Creek, 141 
Gettysburg, 144, et seq. 
Glendale, 93 
Globe Tavern, 222-223 
Glorietta, 69 
Golding's Farm, 92 
Goldsboro, 255, 256 
Grahamsville, 241 
Grand Gulf, 125, 129, 133 
Gravelly Run, 261 
Gray, Fort, 184 
Greenbrier River, 48 
Gregg, Battery, 156 
Grimball, Fort, 153 
Groveton, 99 

Hagerstown, 151, 211 

Haines' Bluff, 116, 129 

Hallsville, 54 

Hamilton, 94 

Hampton Roads, 65 

Hanover, Pa., 143 

Hanover C. H., Va., 85 

Hardin's Bluff, 84 

Harper's Farm, 267 

Harper's Ferry, 85, 104-106, 211 

Harrison, Fort, 218, 230 

Harrisonburg, 181, 228 

Harrison's Landing, 92, 94, 97 

Hartsville, 123 

Hatcher's Run, 235, 253 

Hatchie Bridge, 110 

Hatteras, Fort, 44 

Hatteras Inlet, 44 

Helena, 151 

Henry, Fort, 57-59 

High Bridge, 267 

Hill's Point, 128 

Hilton Head, 51 

Hindman, Fort, 123 

Honey Hill, 241 

Hoover's Gap, 141 

Howlett House batteries, 208 



Huger, Battery, 128 
Huger, Fort, 271 
Huntley's Corner, 200 
Huntsville, 76, 197 

Indian Ridge, 127 
Irish Bend, 127 
Ironton, 228 
Island No. 10, 68, 75 
Iuka, 105, 108 
Ivy Creek, 48 
Ivy Mountain, 53 

Jackson, Miss., 135, 153 
Jackson, Camp, 29 
Jackson, Fort, 77-80 
Jackson's Mills, 256 
Jacksonville, 124, 191 
James Island, 89, 154, 254 
James River, 252 
Jasper, 87 

Jefferson City, 37, 228 
Jenkin's Ferry, 186 
Jerusalem Plank Road, 208 
Johnsonville, 236 
Johnston's Landing, 116 
Jonesboro, 225 
Jones ville, 179 

Kansas City, 26 

Kearsarge vs. Alabama, 204-207 

Kelly's Ford, 155 

Kenesaw Mountain, 209 

Kernstown, 69 

Kettle Run, 98 

King's Salt Works, 230 

Kingston, Ky., 101 

Kingston, Tenn., 242 

Kinston, 256 

Knob Gap, 116 

Knoxville, 178 

Lafayette, 208 

Lancaster, 154 

Laurel Hill, 39, 192 

Laurel Mountain, 39 

Lawrenceburg, 111 

Lebanon, 81 

Lee & Gordon's Mill, 159 

Lee's Mill, 70 

Lexington, Ky., 43, 102, 110, 203 

Lexington, Mo., 46, 47, 234 

Libertv, Mo., 26 

Liberty, Va., 207 

Liberty Gap, 141 



406 



INDEX OF BATTLES 



Liberty Hall, 230 

Lisbon, 222 

Little Blue, 234 

Little Osage, 234 

Little Rock, 155, 157, 182 

Liverpool's Landing, 138 

Logan's Cross Roads, 55 

London, 156 

Lookout Mountain, 173-174 

Louisville, 31, 41, 46, 108 

Lovejoy's Station, 225 

Lucas Bend, 45 

Lynchburg, 205, 206 

McAllister, Fort, 124, 242 

McDowell, 82 

McMinnville, 101 

Macon, 272 

McRae, 53 

Magnolia Hills, 130 

Malvern Hill, 93-94 

Manassas, 41, 100-101 

Manassas Gap, 154 

Manassas Junction, 98 

Mansfield, 182 

Marais des Cygnes, 234 

Marion, 246 

Mark's Mill, 185 

Marksville, 196 

Martinsburg, 139, 210, 227 

Maryland Campaign, 103 

Maryland Heights, 211 

Mechanicsville, 85, 90 

Memphis, 88 

Meridian Expedition, 180 

Middleburg, 140 

Middle Creek, 55 

Milford, 54 

Mill Creek Gap, 190, 191 

Milliken's Bend, 138 

Mill Springs, 55-56 

Mine Creek, 234 

Mine Run, 178 

Missionary Ridge, 175-176 

Mobile, 251, 253, 258, 271 

Mobile Bay, 219-220 

Monette's Ferry, 185 

Monitor vs. Virginia, 66 

Monocacv River, 211 

Montevallo, 262 

Montgomery, 271 

Monticello, 130, 139 

Morgan, Fort, 169, 197, 219, et 

seq. 
Morgantown, 50 



Morris Island, 152, 153 

Morristown, 178, 235, 237 

Moultrie, 126 

Mound City, 234 

Mt. Jackson, 228 

Mt. Sterling, 203 

Mt. Vernon, 152 

Mt. Zion Church, 54 

Mud Creek, 207 

Mud March, 123 

Mulberry Creek, 262 

Muldraugh Hill, 47 

Munfordville, 105-107 

Murfreesboro, 94, 117, et seq., 242 

Nansemond River, 126 

Nashville, 61, 243, et seq. 

Natchez, 83 

National Bridge, 256 

Neosho, 39 

New Bern, 68, 125 

New Bridge, 85 

New Hope Church, 198, 209 

New Madrid, 62, 66 

New Market, 196, 200 

New Orleans, 79 

Newport News, 65-66 

Newtonia, 109, 235 

Newtown, 85 

New York Draft Revolts, 153 

Niagara, 222 

Norfolk, 27, 83 

North Anna, 198 

North Edisto River, 253 

Northern Neck, 130 

Oak Grove, 90 
Oak Hills, 43 
Old Church, 89 
Olustee, 180 
Opequon, 227 
Orchard Knob, 173 
Osage, 234 
Ossabaw Sound, 201 
Ouachita River, 181 
Owensboro, 108 
Ox Hill, 102 

Paducah, 45 
Paintsville, 57 
Pamunkey River, 84, 86 
Pascagoula Expedition, 238 
Pasquotank River, 59 
Payne's Farm, 177 
Peach Orchard, 92, 147 



INDEX OF BATTLES 



407 



Peach Tree Creek, 213-215 

Pea Ridge, 63 

Pemberton, Fort, 124 

Peninsula Campaign, 67, 68 

Pensacola, 252 

Peralta, 77 

Perryville, 110-111 

Petersburg, 204, 264 

Petersburg Mine, 209-218 

Philippi, 36 

Pickens, Fort, 17-18, 25, 26, 38 

Pickett's Mills, 199 

Piedmont, 202 

Pillow, Fort, 75, 83 

Pilot Knob, 228 

Pine Mountain, 199, 203, et seq. 

Pittsburg Landing, 71, et seq. 

Pleasant Grove, 182-183 

Pleasant Hill, 183 

Plymouth, 87, 184 

Pocotaligo, 112 

Pocotaligo River, 179, 251 

Point of Rocks, 94 

Point Pleasant, 66 

Poolsville, 104 

Poplar Springs Church, 229 

Port Gibson, 130 

Port Hudson, 128, 137, 140, 152 

Port Republic, 88 

Port Royal, S. C, 51 

Port Royal, Va., 126 

Port Royal Ferry, 53, 55 

Pound Gap, 57 

Powell, Fort, 220 

Prairie Grove, 113 

Prestonburg, 55 

Pringle, Battery, 210, 211 

Providence Church Road, 133 

Pulaski, Tenn., 229, 236, 238 

Pulaski, Fort, 76 

Quaker Road, 261 

Rappahannock, 155, 172 

Raymond, 135 

Reams Station, 208, 223 

Red River Expedition, 179, 181- 

182, 185 
Resaca, 195, 221 
Richmond, 101 
Rich Mountain, 39^10 
Ringgold Gap, 177 
Roanoke Island, 58 
Roanoke River, 94 
Rochester, 50 



Rock Castle Hills, 49 

Rock Wharf, 83 

Rocky Face Ridge, 190, et seq. 

Rocky Gap, 139, 155 

Rosecrans, Fort, 247 

Rowletts, 54 

Ruffs, 211 

Russy, Fort de, 134, 181 

Sabine Cross Roads, 182 

Sabine Pass, 97 

Sacramento, 54 

Sailor's Creek, 267 

St. Augustine, 66 

St. Charles, 89, 123 

St. Helena Sound, 51 

St. John's Bluff, 108 

St. John's River Expedition, 109, 

110, 112 
St. Louis, 29 
St. Marks, 256 
St. Philip, Fort, 78 
Salem, 259 
Salem Church, 134 
Saline Bottom, 186 
Salineville, 154 
Salisbury, 271 
Saltville, 230, 237, 247 
Santa Fe, 54, 66, 78 
Santee River, 182 
Savage Station. 92 
Savannah, 247 
Seabrook, 53, 55 
Secessionville, 89 
Second Bull Run, 100-101 
Sedgwick, Fort, 263 
Selma, 265 

Seven Days' Battles, 90, et seq. 
Seven Pines, 86-87 
Sewell's Point, 83 
Sharpsburg, 107 
Shawnee Mound, 54 
Shepherdstown, 108 
Shiloh, 71, et seq. 
Shreveport Campaign, 181-183 
Simmsport, 203 
Smyrna, 211 

Snake Creek Gap, 191, 192, 194 
Somerset, 55, 126 
South Anna bridges Expedition, 

144 
South Mills, 77 
South Mountain, 105-106 
Spanish Fort, 261, 269 
Spotsylvania, 191, et seq. 



408 



INDEX OF BATTLES 



Springfield, 43, 49, 59, 116, 122 

Spring Hill, 239-240, 247 

Stanford, 111 

Staunton, 202, 228 

Stedman, Fort, 259-260 

Steele's Bayou Expedition, 125 

Stevens, Fort, 212 

Stone River, 117, et seq. 

Stono River, 178, 210, 248 

Strong, Fort, 254 

Suffolk Campaign, 124, 126 

Sugar Creek, 61 

Sugar Loaf Mountain, 104 

Sumter, Fort, 16-18, 126, 170 

Tagodo Creek or River, 253 
Tampa, 130 

Thompson's Station, 124, 239 
Thoroughfare Gap, 99 
Tiptonville, 75 
Totopotomoy, 199, 200 
Tracy, Fort, 271 
Trevilian, 203, 204 
Trinity, 181 
Tullahoma, 141-143 
Tunnel Hill, 181, 186, 190 
Turkey Creek, 93 
Turner's Gap, 105 
Tuscaloosa, 266 
Tuscumbia, 231 
Tybee Island, 53, 54 

Union City, 69 
Upperville, 41 
Upton Hill, 49 

Valverde, 61 
Van Buren, 116 



Vicksburg, 127, 137, 140, 150 
Virginia vs. Monitor, 66, 83 

Wagner, Fort, 152, et seq., 226 
Walker, Fort, 51 
Warreiiton, 125 
Washington, D. C, 211-212 
Washington, N. C, 104, 126 
Washita River, 181 
Wassaw Sound, 140 
Wauhatchie, 171 
Waynesboro, 228, 255 
Weldon R. R., 208, 222, 223 
West Harpeth River, 246 
West Liberty, 49 
Westmoreland C. H., 138 
West Point, Ga., 272 
West Point, Va., 81, 204 
Westport, 234 
White House, 200, 207 
White Oak Bridge, 93 
White Oak Road, 261-262 
White River, 89, 123 
White Sulphur Springs, 155 
Wilcox's Bridge, 256 
Wildcat, Camp, 48 
Wilderness, 187, et seq. 
Williams, Fort, 184 
Williamsburg, 81 
Williamsport, 151 
Wilmington, 112, 247, 255 
Wilson's Creek, 43 
Winchester, 85, 139, 227 
Wise's Fork, 256 
Woodbury, 50 
Wytheville, 242, 246 

Yazoo River, 116, 124 
Yellow Tavern, 193 
Yorktown, 70, 80 



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